Unit 2English around the worldThe history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes(部落)who invaded(侵略)Britain during the 5th century.Old EnglishThe invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages，which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English.Old English didn't sound or look like English today.Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English speakers.However，about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.Middle EnglishIn 1066，the Norman invaded and conquered England.They also brought with them a kind of French，which became the language of the ruling and business classes.For a period，the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century，English_ in Britain again，with many French words added.This language is called Middle English.Late Modern EnglishThe main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many more words，resulting from two main factors：firstly，technology development created a need for new words；secondly，the British Empire at its height converted one quarter of the earth's surface，and the English language used foreign words from many countries.Now there are many other varieties of English in the world，such as Australian English，New Zealand English，Canadian English，South African English，Indian English and Caribbean English.【詞海拾貝】1arrival n到達2period n時期，階段3class n階層4result from 因發(fā)生；隨產生5create v. 生產；制造【問題思考】1The main idea of the text is _.答案：the history of the English language2Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words._答案：became a main language3What's the main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English?_答案：Vocabulary.將單詞與其正確釋義配對1official adj.A本身；本體；身份2native adj.&n. B常常；頻繁地3actually adv. C官方的；正式的；公務的4base vt. & n. D逐漸地；逐步地5gradually adv. E流利的；流暢的6vocabulary n. F以為根據(jù)；基部；基地；基礎7spelling n. G拼寫；拼法8identity n. H本國的；本地的；本地人；本國人9fluent adj. I實際上；事實上10frequently adv. J詞匯；詞匯量；詞表答案：1.C2.H3.I4.F5.D6.J7.G8.A9E10.B.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞1_adj. 官方的；正式的；公務的2_n. 航行；航海3_adj. 本國的；本地的n本國人；本地人4_adv. 事實上；實際上5_vt. 以為根據(jù)n基部；基礎；基地6_adj. 逐漸的；逐步的_adv. 逐漸地；逐步地7_adj. 較后的；(兩者中)后者的；后半的8_n. 本身；本體；身份9_adj. 流利的；流暢的_adv. 流利地；流暢地10_adj. 頻繁的；常見的_adv. 常常；頻繁地答案：1.official2.voyage3.native4.actually5base6.gradualgradually7.latter8.identity9fluentfluently10.frequentfrequently.根據(jù)英語釋義寫出下列單詞1_：tell/ask sb to do sth2_：an act of asking for sth especially politely3_：the act of expressing；showing of feelings，opinions4_：of，from or living in the east part of the world or of a specified region5_：know again one has seen，heard or experienced6_：truck7_：the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it8_：without a bend or curve；one person is honest，truthful答案：mand2.request3.expression4.eastern5recognize6.lorry7.accent8.straight.選詞填空(注意形式的變化)communicate with；be based on；be able to；make use of；come up；have a good command of.；believe it or not；play a big part in；be recognized as；hold on1.If you want to do this job well，you must be _ speak English well.答案：able to2The story is about a family who can't _ each other.答案：communicate with3This novel _ the family history of the writer.答案：is based on4While we were talking，a man _答案：came up5They tried their best to _ the chance that their school offered to study hard.答案：make use of6Otherwise，you will _ a human and not a selfish person in cold blood.答案：be recognized as7Her father has never _ her life.答案：played a big part in8Is Peter there?_，please.I'll see if I can find him for you.答案：Hold on9_，they will not carry out their promise.答案：Believe it or not10My sister _English because she has studied abroad for three years.答案：has a good command of.領會下列句子所用的句型并譯成漢語1Why not go by Underground?_答案：為什么不乘地鐵去呢？2Today，more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language than ever before._答案：如今說英語的人比以往任何時候都多了，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。3Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English._答案：以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所說的話不盡相同，也可以相互理解。4At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today._答案：起初大約在公元450年和公元1150年間，英國人所說的英語與人們現(xiàn)在所說的英語很不一樣。課文表層理解.根據(jù)課文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)1English had the most speakers in the 12th century.(F)2English changed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.(T)3Languages in the world change frequently.(T)4The language of the government is always the language of the country.(F)5English is also the official language in ChinA(F).讀課文，回答問題1Was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 similar to the English spoken today？Why?_答案：No.It was very different from the English spoken today.It's because it was based more on German than the English we speak at present.2When did some British settlers move to America?_答案：In 1620.3What are the two big changes in English spelling by the 19th century?_答案：First Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.根據(jù)課文內容完成表格TimeEventsAt the 1._of the 16th centuryAbout five to seven million people spoke English and nearly all of them lived in England.Between AD 450 and 1150It was 2._more on German.Between about AD 800 and 1150English became less like German 3._the rulers.In the 1600's Shakespeare 4._use of a wider 5._，which caused a big change in English usage.In the 18th centuryEnglish was 6._to AustraliAFrom 1765 to 1947English became the language for 7._and 8._in IndiAAt 9._China has the largest number of English learners.In the futureChinese English may develop its own 10._.答案：1.end2.based3.because of4.made5vocabulary6.taken7.government8.education9present10.identity課文深層理解.根據(jù)課文內容匹配段落大意1Para 1AThe example of the difference between different native English speakers.2Para 2 BWide use of English.3Para 3 CEnglish is a language spoken all around the world.4Para 4 DWhy English has changed over time.5Para 5 EEnglish was settled.答案：1.B2.A3.D4.E5.C.單項選擇1Where did most of the English speakers live at the end of the 16th century?AAmericABEngland.CSouth AsiA DSouth AfricA答案：B2When did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?AIn the 17th century.BAt the end of the 16th century.CBetween about AD 450 and 1150.DIn the 19th century.答案：A3According to the text，which of the following statements is TRUE?ALanguages always stay the same.BLanguages change only after wars.CLanguages no longer change.DLanguages change when cultures change.答案：D4From Paragraph 3，we can learn that from AD 450 to 1150，English sounded more like _AGerman BChineseCFrench DRussian答案：A5Why does India have a very large number of fluent English speakers?ABecause Indians like learning English very much.BBecause India has the largest number of English learners.CBecause Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.DBecause India has a close relationship with Britain.答案：C寫一則海報英文海報是人們在日常生活中經(jīng)常使用的一種張貼形式的應用文。它的使用場合非常廣泛，包括活動宣傳、招聘廣告和人物介紹等。英文海報通常含有通知性，所以主題應該明確、一目了然。它還包含廣告的某些特點，要求內容簡明扼要，形式新穎美觀。一、海報通常包括的幾部分1標題。首先根據(jù)海報的特點、格式寫明標題。海報中往往把內容作為大字標題。例如：Football Match，Why is it important to learn English？或者注明Poster等字樣。2正文部分。不同的海報其正文部分的側重點不同。對于介紹性的海報，首先引出話題，其次列出原因，最后總結。對于宣傳類海報，要寫清楚具體內容，如：活動內容、地點以及參加規(guī)定、主持或舉辦單位等。3落款。出海報的單位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，既可以寫在右下角，也可以寫在左下角。注意事項：(1)海報的標題必須簡潔明了，詞數(shù)不能太多，而且必須能吸引讀者的眼球。(2)海報的寫作目的就是讓讀者了解活動的信息，傳達信息才是海報最重要的任務，所以文字的修飾要服務于信息，不能玩文字游戲，使讀者摸不著頭腦。二、常用句式1I have something important to tell you.2I have got an announcement to make.3I am told that a speech contest will be held at the“English Corner”this summer vacation.4I'm glad to have the honour to tell you some activities you're going to have today.5The party is a good chance for us to practise our English.6Everyone is welcome to attend the party.7Please bring along your pens and notebooks.8All the students are requested to attend the celebration of the Teachers' Day to be held in the Grand Hall in the Main Building at 6：30 this evening.9Don't miss the chance.Please get there on time.10Please get everything ready.Don't be late.根據(jù)以下提示，以學生會的名義寫一則英文海報。足球比賽參賽單位：江海中學足球隊vs江北中學足球隊比賽時間：2017年9月6日下午2：00比賽地點：校操場【審題謀篇】第一步明確要求本海報主要是告知學生以及老師一場足球比賽的消息，以學生會的名義進行寫作，視角明確，因此語言應注意受眾的接受性。海報的主要內容是告知比賽雙方、比賽時間、比賽地點。寫作中特別強調格式的重要性。同時還要注意語言的簡潔性。第二步確定段落本篇海報可以從以下幾個方面入手：標題Para 1簡單說明比賽雙方Para 2比賽時間Para 3比賽地點Para 4歡迎師生前來觀看署名第三步提煉要點本文可能會運用到以下詞匯和短語：1friendly football match 足球友誼賽2hold 舉辦3be welcome 受歡迎第四步句式升級句式體現(xiàn)一般表達向高級表達過渡：1江海中學足球隊與江北中學足球隊將進行一場足球比賽。(一般表達)Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team will have a match.(高級表達)A friendly football match will be held between Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team.2歡迎廣大師生前來觀看。(一般表達)We welcome all teachers and students.(高級表達)All the teachers and students are warmly welcome.【范文賞析】A friendly football matchA friendly football match will be held between Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team.Time：2：00 pm，September 6th，2017.Place：The school playground.All the teachers and students are warmly welcome.The Students' Union【亮點點評】該范文結構完整，標題鮮明且明確，指出poster的主題是一場足球比賽。然后正文部分根據(jù)人們的一般思維，點出參賽的雙方，第三、四段進而說明比賽的具體時間、地點，最后署名通知的發(fā)布者是學生會。整篇文章要點齊全，語言規(guī)范，主題鮮明，文字簡潔，邏輯井然，一氣呵成。文章簡短，但是將主要信息做到了不遺不漏，格式規(guī)范，值得學習。你校學生會需招聘一名留學生做英語學習顧問，請你以短文形式寫一則招聘啟事。內容主要包括：1母語是英語，漢語流利者優(yōu)先；2解答英語學習問題，協(xié)助組織英語活動；3每周4小時，報酬面議；4聯(lián)系人：李華(Tel：130 1122 3344)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3啟事標題和結尾已為你寫好。English_advisor_wanted_Student_UnionYucai_High_School答案：English_advisor_wantedThe Student Union of school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practise their oral English，answering their questions，and helping organize activities such as singing English songs，English evenings，or lectures on interesting topics.The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week.If you are interested，please call Li Hua at 130 1122 3344 for an interview.Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.Student_UnionYucai_High_SchoolA級基礎過關.單句語法填空在句中空白處填上適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。1He looked calm，but _(actual)he was very nervous.答案：actually2_(base)on a novel by Lewis，the film is popular with people around the country.答案：Based3He speaks Chinese _(fluent)as if he were a Chinese.答案：fluently4This is the main use that scientists make _ natural resources.答案：of5The new method is not perfect.Even _，it's much better than the old one.答案：so6It is _ (request)that he _(leave)before seven o'clock.答案：requestedshould leave7The town has changed beyond _(recognize)since I was last here.答案：recognition8Computers play _ important part in modern society.答案：an9I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrellAThat's _ I got wet through.答案：why 10The explorer took only such men and things _he really needed into the thick forest.答案：as.選詞填空(注意形式的變化)such as；make full use of；at present；expression；accent；come up；block；play；vocabulary；because of1We must _the resources we have.答案：make full use of2I like drinks，_tea and coffee.答案：such as3Strangers _ to him in the street and said how much they enjoyed his book.答案：came up4The boss is busy _and he will ring you back later.答案：at present5The part that the church _is very great.答案：plays6He had to retire _his poor health.答案：because of7They greeted him with many _of pleasure.答案：expressions8He speaks with a strong southern_答案：accent9He lives three _away from here.答案：blocks10To my surprise，he has the largest _in our class.答案：vocabulary.完成句子1Mr Zhang _(起著非常重要的作用)carrying out the plan.答案：played an important part in2She is wearing a long red coat so you'll _(肯定能認出)her.答案：be sure to recognize3_(信不信由你)，they will not carry out their promise.答案：Believe it or not4The captain _(命令他的人向港口航行)quickly.答案：commanded his men to sail to the port5They've made an urgent request that the fresh water _ (應該立刻供應)答案：(should)be supplied at onceB級能力提升.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Recent studies have shown that exercise is good to both your physical strength and brain.A new study finds that people become smarter after starting a running programme.In their study，the researchers had seven young people start a running programme consisting of running 30 minutes，two or three times a week for at least 12 skills before and after the 3month running programme.After 12 weeks of running，scores on all of the tests increased greatly in the runners，as did their reaction times (反應時間)in completing the tests，but the scores began to fall again if the runners stopped their training.The results could have suggestions for old people as well.According to these researchers，old people who started a 4month exercise programme also showed it may help doctors find a way to use exercise and running to help old people and those with Alzheimer's(老年癡呆癥)disease improve their memory and other mental skills.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇最新研究，研究表明跑步不僅可以使身體健康而且還可以讓人的大腦反應更加靈活。1What is the best title for this passage?ARunning may make you smarter and healthier.BHow to start a running programme.CRunning is an important way to improve health.DThe sevenperson programe.解析：主旨大意題。這篇文章主要是通過一項七人運動項目來證明跑步可以使你更加靈活和健康，而不是闡述如何開始一個跑步計劃，也不是講跑步的重要性，更不是講七人計劃。答案：A2The researchers did tests both before and after the running programme because_Athey had enough time to do itBthe scores would be higherCthey wanted to make sure that all the runners would take to testDthey could compare the scores解析：推理判斷題。從全文可以推斷，跑步計劃前后都要統(tǒng)計分數(shù)，是為了測試跑步帶來的不同。答案：D3The underlined word“their”in the second paragraph refers to“_”Athe young people'sBthe researchers'Cthe runners' Dthe tests'解析：代詞指代題。從第二段“In their study，the researchers had seven young people start a running programme consisting of running 30 minutes，.”可知答案為B項。答案：B.七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。For several years，Americans have enjoyed teleshoppingwatching TV and buying things by phone._1_In a number of European countries，people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes，jewelry，food，toys and many other things._2_For example，the biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries，and in one year it made $100 million.In France there are two teleshopping channels，and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels.In Germany，until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day.Then the government allowed more teleshopping.Other channels can open for telebussiness，including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24hour teleshopping company._3_Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes.With all the problems of traffic in the cities，this is an important reason，but at the same time other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping._4_Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV.Good quality is important to them，and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV._5_They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell.They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person.ANow teleshopping is starting in Europe.BThey call teleshopping“Junk on the air”CTeleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden.DGerman businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things.EThe need for high quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be different from the American companies.FTeleshopping is popular among people.GGerman teleshopping business is controlled by AmericA答案：1.A2.C3.D4.B5.E.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。My father enjoys bike riding.Ever since I was little，I've always loved going biking with my dad._1_，as I became a teenager，other things began to draw my _2_Suddenly，it was important to do things with _3_I saw my dad every evening at home.Why did I have to _4_my Sundays to all day bike trips with him，too？Even if my indifference(冷漠)hurt him，my father kept _5_，he would always let me know when he was planning a bike trip _6_I wanted to come.It was a Sunday morning，and I was in low _7_Two of my friends had gone to the movies without inviting me.Just then my father _8_my room.“It's a beautiful day.Want to go for a _9_ today，Beck？” “Leave me alone！”I impatiently _10_Those were the last words I said to him before he left the house that _11_Several hours later，the police called us，_12_ us that dad had a traffic accident.My father's injuries were serious.It took several days before he could _13_speak.Beside his bed I held his hand gently，_14_of hurting him.“Daddy.I'm sorry.” “It's okay，sweetheart.I'll be okay.”“No，”I said，“I _15_what I said to you that day.You know，that morning？”“Sweetheart，I don't _16_anything about that day.I remember kissing you good night the night before，though.”He_17_a weak smile.I felt _18_for my thoughtless remark，for I even wanted him to leave me alone.My teacher once told me that _19_have immeasurable power.They can hurt or they can heal.And we all have the _20_to choose our words.I intend to do that very carefully from now on.【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。語言有不可估量的力量，既能夠傷害人也能夠溫暖人，我們說話時要斟酌用詞。1AThereforeBInsteadCBesides DHowever解析：根據(jù)后面的“other things”可知，這里表示轉折關系。答案：D2Aattention BsightCeffort Denergy解析：draw my attention 吸引我的注意力，即當我長成少年，其他一些事情吸引了我的注意力。答案：A3Adad BfriendsCteac