考點03 主謂一致【命題解讀】在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近一致三個方面上?！久}預(yù)測】主謂一致在高考中常與名詞結(jié)合在一起進行綜合考查，多以語法填空和短文改錯的形式出題，在完形填空中也會有所涉及，總體難度系數(shù)較低，縱觀近年的高考真題，主謂一致中的固定搭配是考查的重難點。預(yù)計2020年高考仍會沿襲這一命題規(guī)律?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握主謂一致的三個原則：語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致；2. 掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配；3. 掌握定語從句中的主謂一致；4. 掌握倒裝句、強調(diào)句中的主謂一致。高考主謂一致的知識結(jié)構(gòu)一致原則考點詳解例句語法一致1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 一致原則考點詳解例句語法一致6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 邏輯一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點詳解例句邏輯一致5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語時， 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 當(dāng)兩個主語由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.考向一語法一致語法一致：就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1. 單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多用單數(shù)但如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you.2. 由and 或both.and 連接起來的合成主語后面謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就用單數(shù)。 The writer and artist has come.由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.3. 主語后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4. either, neither, each, every或no+單數(shù)neither/neither/none of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa.5. 定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, which, who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和先行詞一致。He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項填空）The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊成員已經(jīng)完成了十場演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故排除AD選項。本句主語為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。2（2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。3.He is one of the most selfish men that _ ever lived; thats why hardly _ making friends with him.A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone likeC. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes【答案】D【解析】考查主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)men，因此定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用have。第一個空考查的是定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞，因此第一個空用have；后半句譯為那就是幾乎沒有任何人和他交朋友的原因，hardly表示幾乎不，根據(jù)句意，后面應(yīng)是肯定句，故排除C項；hardly作為否定副詞放在句首時，句子才使用倒裝語序，因此排除B項。故選D項。6. 集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整體時，用單數(shù)；指集體的成員時，用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are workers.(人)people, cattle, police作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。7. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名詞，或者是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent.8. 倒裝句中，謂語v.的數(shù)與其后的主語一致。On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take【答案】A【解析】主謂一致指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。根據(jù)分析，第一空的謂語要填一個單數(shù)，因為此賓語從句：that success a sum ofday.的主語是success，一個單數(shù)名詞，故謂語要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主語也是success，故第二空的謂語也是一個單數(shù)形式。句意：成功是將每天一小點努力積累起來，是需要多年的努力去達到，記住這些很重要?？枷蚨?意義一致原則1. 表示時間、度量、長度、價值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，因為其在概念上是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.2. 如果是書名，片名，格言，劇名，報名，國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 復(fù)數(shù)n.，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。One and a half apples is left on the table.3. 算是中表示數(shù)目通常用單數(shù)（加減乘除）表示 上聊天是保持你的外語水平的很好的方式。動詞詞組keep up意為"使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)"。10.Hopefully【解析】考查副詞。句意：希望以上所述能夠幫助你放下你的顧慮，開始你的旅程。本空用來修飾整個句子，因此應(yīng)該用副詞形式。又因為本空在句首，所以單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。體驗真題1.C 【解析】本題考查時態(tài)、語和主謂一致態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應(yīng)用過去時，排除選項A和B。as well as連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時的被動。故選C。2. C 【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是包含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞是Great Expectations是書名，看作單數(shù)，所以定語從句的謂語也要使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)strengthened可知，被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評價發(fā)生在過去，故選C。3. B 【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動詞短語regard.as (把看做)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語along with連接的三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。4. has grown【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。since加時間點，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語為the country，所以應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。5.A【解析】考查主謂一致。句意為：通常情況，對別人期望很高的學(xué)生的內(nèi)在動機對他們的發(fā)展是必要的。主語students inner motivation表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)，并且敘述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選A項。9