Module 1 British and American English一、語基必備知識 (一)重點(diǎn)詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認(rèn)識的詞匯前劃motorway nunderground n.subway n. queue vi.omit vt. settler n.satellite n. flick n.structure n. edition n.cute adj. distinctive adj. .核心詞匯寫其形1accent n 口音2compare vt. 比較3steadily adv. 不斷地；持續(xù)地4switch n. 開關(guān)5rapidly adv. 迅速地6announcement n. 聲明；宣告7._add vt. 加；增加8present vt. 陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)9attempt n. 努力；嘗試10look n. 外觀；外表；樣子11criticise vt. 批評12standard adj. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的.拓展詞匯通其變1refer v參考；查閱；提到reference n參考；查閱 2combine v結(jié)合；聯(lián)合combination n組合；結(jié)合3obvious adj.顯然的，顯而易見的obviously adv.顯然地，明顯地4remark n& v評論；講話remarkable adj.顯著的；非凡的5vary v改變；使變化variety n種類various adj.各種各樣的6simple adj.簡單的simplify vt.簡化simply adv.簡單地；僅僅；不過7differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別difference n不同，區(qū)別different adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的8confuse vt.使困惑confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的confused adj.感到困惑的confusion n困惑1.“評論”不容忽視remark n& v 評論；講話review n& v. 評論comment n& v. 評論；意見criticism n. 評論；批評2.­ify結(jié)尾動詞找一找simplify簡化beautify 美化；使美麗classify 分類clarify 澄清identify 確定；鑒定；識別3.有“分”也有“合”combination n組合；結(jié)合unite v. 聯(lián)合link v. 連接separate vt. 使分離divide v. 分開divorce v. (使)離婚/分離(二)重點(diǎn)短語記牢用活1have.in_common有相同的特點(diǎn)2make_a_difference 有影響，使不相同3get_around 四處走動(旅行)4be_similar_to 與相似5lead_to 引起；導(dǎo)致6in_favour_of 同意；支持7refer_to.as. 稱為8thanks_to 幸虧，多虧9after_all 畢竟；終究1.to為介詞的短語薈萃lead to引起；導(dǎo)致object to 反對devote to 獻(xiàn)身于be/get used to 習(xí)慣于be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于pay attention to 注意2.“inn.of”短語大比拼in favour of支持；同意in view of 鑒于，考慮到in memory of 紀(jì)念in respect of 關(guān)于，涉及in terms of 就而言in charge of 主管，掌管3.“make an.”短語一覽make a difference 有影響，使不相同make a contribution 做出貢獻(xiàn)make a decision 做出決定make a mistake 犯錯誤make a noise 制造噪音make a reservation 預(yù)訂 (三)重點(diǎn)句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：while作連詞表對比，意為“而；然而”Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch.美國人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國人叫它torch。句型2：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難A Londoner has_more_difficulty_understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。句型3：makeitadj.for sb.to do sth.使某人做是的(it為形式賓語) This non­stop communication, the experts think, has made_it_easier_for_British_people_and_Americans_to_understand each other.專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流已使得英國人和美國人相互理解起來更加容易。二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式A根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1Recently people are very concerned about the rapidly(迅速地) rising food costs.2I read the announcement(聲明，公告) of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am very interested in it.3I am cautious about what I say because careless remarks(話語) are likely to hurt others feelings.4Its standard(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的) practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer.5He paid little attention to sentence structures(結(jié)構(gòu)), which led to his failure in the test. B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式6Obviously(obvious), whether we will hold this sports meeting depends on the weather in the coming months.7All attempts(attempt) to control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.8Comparing(compare) Tom with other athletes, you will find that Tom has the perfect body shape for a swimmer.9I dont mind her criticising(criticise) me, but it is how she does it that I object to.10Mr. Smith was presented(present) with a watch by the boss for his years hard work.語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019·全國卷)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.試圖；嘗試2(2019·浙江卷6月)But can uniforms help improve school standards？標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范3(2019·全國卷)Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it requires a lot of ideas and efforts.簡單的4(2018·北京卷)The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.帶來；招致.選詞成篇be similar to; lead to; have.in common; in favour of; refer to.as.Li Hua and I have been good friends ever since our childhood. We 1.have much in_common,_that is to say, we 2.are_similar_to each other in many ways. I believe that diligence 3.leads_to success, which Li Hua is 4.in_favour_of. So we 5.refer_to it as our motto.make a difference; get around; queue up/stand in line; pick up; thanks toMr. Smith likes 6.getting_around in the town. But one day while 7.queuing_up/standing_in_line for the bus, he suddenly lost his consciousness. 8.Thanks_to the help of the people present, he was sent to the nearest hospital. Now his health has 9.picked_up. So it can be concluded that giving a helping hand to others will surely 10.make_a_difference.完成句子1湯姆從來不是一個很愛整潔的人，而約翰卻極有條理。Tom is never very neat, while_John_is_completely_organised2由于缺乏獨(dú)立，目前大部分學(xué)生很難適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。For lack of independence, most students have_difficulty_(in)_adapting_to college life at present.3新技術(shù)已經(jīng)使新產(chǎn)品以更低的成本更快速地生產(chǎn)成為可能。New technologies have made_it_possible_to_produce new products faster and at a lower cost. comparev比較，比喻，對照n比較，對照基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a. (2018·浙江卷6月)Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress his importance in literature.bA teacher is often compared to a candle. Thats because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.a.(2019·江蘇卷)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared(compare) with other animals.bWhen comparing(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.能力提升句式升級(普通表達(dá)) If you compare the task with the previous one, you will find it seems a small challenge.(高級表達(dá))Compare_the_task_with_the_previous_one,_and you will find it seems a small challenge. (祈使句and陳述句)(高級表達(dá))Comparing_the_task_with_the_previous_one,_you will find it seems a small challenge. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)(高級表達(dá))_Compared_with_the_previous_one,_the task seems a small challenge. (過去分詞短語作狀語) (1)compare.with/to.把和相比較compare.to. 把比作compared to/with. 和相比(通常作狀語)compare notes (with sb.) (與某人)交換意見(2)beyond/without compare 無與倫比，舉世無雙(3)comparison n. 比較；對照；比喻in comparison with 與相比佳句背誦 In comparison with other films, the English short film, Growing Together, is believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.與其他影片相比，這部英文短片共同成長被認(rèn)為更有教育意義且充滿情感。(2018·全國卷)I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately he couldnt spare me even one minute.我想跟一個朋友切磋一下，但很不幸，他連一分鐘時間都擠不出來。名師點(diǎn)津 分詞作狀語時，如果與主語是被動語態(tài)關(guān)系，要其用過去分詞形式；如果與主語是主動語態(tài)關(guān)系，要其用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 differvi.不同，有區(qū)別基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(北京卷)Because a college community(群體) differs(differ) from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.a.The twins are so alike. Its difficult to tell the difference(differ) between them.b(2019·全國卷)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently(different)British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.能力提升完成句子只有我們言行一致才能對我們希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的任何事情有影響。Only when we match our words with actions can_we_make_a_difference_in whatever we hope to accomplish. (1)differ from.in.與在方面不一樣(2)difference n. 不同；區(qū)別make a difference 有影響；使不相同tell the difference between.and. 區(qū)分 與的差別(3)different adj. 不同的；相異的be different from.in. 在方面不同； 與不同(4)differently adv. 不同地 名師點(diǎn)津 (1)不同和相同不同：differ, be different, vary相同，相似：be the same, be similar/alike(2)­ence后綴，構(gòu)成名詞referreference; preferpreference；existexistence; confidentconfidence presentn現(xiàn)在，目前；禮物vt.陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)；贈送；呈現(xiàn)adj.出席的，在場的；現(xiàn)在的一詞多義寫出下列句中present的詞性和含義The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.當(dāng)前的Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.v.呈現(xiàn)All the people present at the party were his supporters.adj.出席的；在場的(北京卷)I was extremely interested in the ideas he presented in class.vt.陳述；提出(湖南卷)Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.n.禮物能力提升完成句子On Teachers Day, my students presented_me_with_some_flowers/presented_some_flowers_to_me(送給我一些鮮花)(2018·全國卷)At_present(目前), the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. (1)present sb. with sth.present sth.to sb.把某物贈送給某人(2)be present at. 出席(3)at present 現(xiàn)在，目前for the present 眼前；暫時 名師點(diǎn)津 present 用作形容詞，表示“出席的，在場的”時，通常作表語或后置定語；表示“現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的”時，常用作前置定語。詞塊助記 present awards授予獎品/獎金/獎狀the present difficulties/problems/situation 當(dāng)前的困難/問題/形勢Make the past serve the present. 古為今用。 attemptvt.企圖，嘗試n努力，嘗試基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Kevin had treatment on the understanding that he would attempt to_overcome(overcome) his drinking problem.Dont expect to pass the driving test at the first attempt. After all, youve been learning to drive for only a couple of days.能力提升一句多譯他試圖通過這次考試，但考試太難通過了。He attempted_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass.(attempt v)He made_an_attempt_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass. (attempt n) (1)attempt at doing/to do sth.嘗試或努力做某事(2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth. 嘗試或努力做某事at ones first attempt 某人第一次嘗試 佳句背誦 The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to protect the environment.為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，這個城鎮(zhèn)禁用塑料袋。名師點(diǎn)津 嘗試和做成(1)嘗試做某事：try to do sth., have a try at doing sth., give sth. a try(2)做成某事：manage to do sth., succeed in doing sth. have.in common在方面有相同之處基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with the stranger the first time I met him.Britain, in common with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.能力提升完成句子(江蘇卷)只有那些共同點(diǎn)多的人才能友好相處。恕我不敢茍同。有時的確是相異相吸。Only those who have_a_lot_in_common can get along well.I beg to differ. Opposites sometimes do attract. (1)have a lot/much/a great deal/nothing/little in common with.與有很多/沒有 共同之處in common with. 與一樣(2)common sense 常識；情理 佳句背誦 Anyone with common sense is able to make the appropriate decision and do whatever suits the occasion best.任何一個有常識的人都會做出合適的決定，做任何最適合該場合的事情。名師點(diǎn)津 ?？肌癷nn.with”短語：in contact/touch with 與聯(lián)系；in contrast with 與對比；in harmony with與協(xié)調(diào)一致；in line with與一致 lead to引起，導(dǎo)致；通向基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources.A lack of confidence can lead to your losing(lose) the chance to go abroad for further education. Im wondering what has led you to_believe(believe) that not all roads lead to Rome.能力提升完成句子/句式升級(普通表達(dá))The girl led_the_way(領(lǐng)路), so we had no difficulty finding the house.(高級表達(dá))With_the_girl_leading_the_way,_we had no difficulty finding the house.(with賓語賓補(bǔ)) (1)lead sb.ton.帶領(lǐng)某人到；使某人 得出(觀點(diǎn))lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事(2)lead a.life 過著的生活lead the way 引路，帶路名師點(diǎn)津 lead to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或v.­ing 形式。表示“導(dǎo)致”的詞匯還有：cause, result in, bring about。詞塊助記 lead a happy/hard/comfortable/simple life過著幸福的/艱苦的/舒適的/簡樸的生活have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難(教材原句)A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(北京卷)Did you have difficulty finding(find) Anns house?Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.You have no difficulty remembering(remember) the new words, so you cant imagine the difficulty I have learning(learn) them by heart.Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently. 能力提升完成句子/句式升級(普通表達(dá))We had_difficulty_walking_home(步行回家非常困難) in the snowstorm. You cant imagine the difficulty. (高級表達(dá))You_cant_imagine_what_difficulty_we_had_walking_home_in_the_snowstorm！(定語從句感嘆句)(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等修飾，difficulty還可以用trouble, problems, a hard time等替換。(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth.在某事上有困難(3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事/在某事上沒有困難佳句背誦 Undoubtedly, we must have difficulty in searching for the road leading to science.毫無疑問，我們在尋找通向科學(xué)的道路上一定有困難。名師點(diǎn)津 (1)在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.時，difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語為“havedoing”形式；(2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。維度一在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1The clock has just struck twelve, announcing(announce) the end of the morning in school.2Comparing the two boys, we found that Tom is more careful. But compared with Toms brother, Tom is less careful.(compare)3Id love to find a job combining(combine) my major and interest upon graduation so that I can fully develop my potential.4You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems.5Students should be encouraged to_present(present) their own opinions, whether right or wrong.維度二在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1Li Hua has been preparing carefully for the 2021 College Entrance Examination, so that he can be sure of passing it at his first attempt.2Studies have shown that too much control of emotion can lead to high blood pressure, hearing problems and other illnesses.3We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.4Many children seldom communicate with adults, making it difficult for their parents to know what they are thinking about.5Thanks to modern science and technology, people lead a more comfortable and richer life.維度三派生詞練習(xí)1He made simple remarks on her remarkable achievements.(remark)2The reference book the teacher referred to just now is said to be popular among students.(refer)3The book explains grammar simply and clearly, because the author used simple example sentences to simplify abstract concepts.(simple)4They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused,_standing there in confusion,_not knowing what to do.(confuse)5From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. As for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)維度四完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1這首詩對于中學(xué)生來說很容易，而對于小學(xué)生來說就很難理解。(while)The poem is easy for a middle school student while_it_is_difficult_for_a_pupil_to_understand2從我自身經(jīng)歷中，我了解到幾句表揚(yáng)的話就會對某人有很大影響。(make a difference)From my own experience, I learned that several_words_of_praise_can_make_a_great_difference to someone.3對你不了解的事情不要妄加評論，否則你會被嘲笑的。(remark n)Dont make_remarks_on/about what you dont know, or youll be laughed at.4Everyone in this city knew him, so we found his house without difficulty.Everyone in this city knew him, so we had_no_difficulty_finding his house.5If you compare the two books, youll find the thick one is better.Comparing_the_two_books,_youll find the thick one is better.Compare_the_two_books,_and youll find the thick one is better.Compared_with/to_the_thin_book,_the thick one is better.提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點(diǎn)，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)1Recently(recent) we have a debate about which English makes more 2.differences(differ) to us.Some students think British English has more influence pared(compare) with American English, because it is the “original” 4.variety(vary) of English and the BBC and many international newspapers use it. However, others are 5.in favour of American English. They hold the view 6.that most English language films are American, 7.which has led to more and more people across the world 8.using(use) American English.In 9.my(I) opinion, whichever English we use, we have no difficulty 10.understanding(understand) each other, because they have a lot in common.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國朋友Peter正在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他寫信向你請教如何提高漢語口語，請你按以下要點(diǎn)給他回信。寫信目的；提出合理建議；表示祝愿。1補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)得知你在試圖學(xué)習(xí)漢語，并尋找提高漢語口語的辦法，我很高興。Im delighted to know that you are_attempting_to_learn_Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese.我想向你提出一些關(guān)于如何提高你的漢語口語的建議。Id like to present_you_some_advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese.與其他語言相比，漢語更令人困惑， 也許會導(dǎo)致你困惑。Compared_with other languages, Chinese is more_confusing and it may lead_to_confusion for you.漢語學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣、決心和努力意義重大。Chinese learners interest, determination and hard work can make_a_big_difference和朋友們用漢語在線交流是一個好辦法，這會讓你的漢語口語快速提高變得容易。Its a good idea to communicate with friends online in Chinese, and it will make_it_easy_for_you_to_improve your spoken Chinese rapidly.盡管你學(xué)習(xí)漢語時可能會有一些困難，但是永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄練習(xí)。Though you may have_some_difficulty_learning_Chinese,_never give up practising.2升級平淡句用非限制性定語從句升級句Its_a_good_idea_to_communicate_with_friends_online_in_Chinese,_which_will_make_it_easy_for_you_to_improve_your_spoken_Chinese_rapidly.3銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：obviously，therefore, in addition, more importantly)_One possible version：Dear Peter，Im delighted to know that you are attempting to learn Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese. Id like to present you some advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese.Obviously, compared with other languages, Chinese is more confusing and it may lead to confusion for you. Therefore, Chinese learners interest, determination and hard work can make a big difference. In addition, its a good idea to communicate with friends online in Chinese, which will make it easy for you to improve your spoken Chinese rapidly. More importantly, though you may have some difficulty learning Chinese, never give up practising. Yours，Li Hua (建議用時：45分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020·德州高三模擬)Gabriellas family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟諳兩種語言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriellas parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. Its well known that the brains left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the childrens development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make