必修5Unit 2 The United Kingdom李仕才一、閱讀理解AWhenever the word “hero” comes to me, I immediately think of three Hs: honorable, hardworking, and happy. When I think more about this word, I picture someone who has accomplished good things for people and tries to do the right thing. Hattie Elizabeth Alexander is one person whom I find to be very heroic. Hattie was born in Baltimore, Maryland on April 5,1901. During her time at college she earned her Bachelor's Degree in Bacteriology and Physiology. These were just the first steps toward what she was finally going to be remembered for. After college Hattie attended Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and received her medical degree. After her education, she pursued her career, and after much time and hard work, she drastically reduced the number of infants (幼兒) dying from meningitis (腦膜炎). Hattie was very dedicated to her work and helped at as many locations as she could. Spending substantial (大量的) time in the laboratory, Hattie successfully developed a cure against the disease, which decreased the death rate to 20 percent. At the same time, she was also a teacher working with Columbia University. She was a caring lady interested in other people's lives. When she was teaching at Columbia University, other members would talk to her about students that were failing their classes, and somehow Hattie could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away. Later, Hattie became an instructor in Pediatrics at New York City's Babies Hospital. After many honors, she became the first woman president of the American Pediatric Society in 1965. This was her last major achievement, for soon after, Hattie died of cancer on June 24, 1968. Hattie is my hero because her positive attitude and strength helped her accomplish great things for others. She gave them her strength by developing medicines against diseases, which, by doing so, made them stronger. This is what makes Hattie Elizabeth Alexander my hero.【文章大意】本文介紹了作者心目中的英雄哈蒂·伊麗莎白·亞歷山大為社會作出的貢獻(xiàn)。1. According to the passage，Hattie Elizabeth Alexander _.Areceived her Bachelor's Degree in Johns Hopkins SchoolBspent all her time in the laboratory developing cures for illnessesCcared a lot about others' private lives Dalways tried her best to help prevent students from dropping out of college答案與解析：D'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“.somehow Hattie could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away.”可知，哈蒂總會盡最大努力阻止學(xué)生輟學(xué)。故選D項。2The underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”Aslightly Bhardly Cgreatly Dtotally答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章第三段第一、二句以及第三句中的which decreased the death rate to 20 percent可推斷出，此處指經(jīng)過哈蒂的付出和努力，幼兒死于腦膜炎的比例大大下降。故推測，drastically意為“大幅度地；徹底地”，與greatly意思相近。故選C項。3Hattie is considered to be a hero by the author in that _.Ashe was an honorable, hardworking and happypersonBshe was a very dedicated woman doctor with many honorsCshe was a caring lady who helped many students finish collegeDshe was the first woman president of the APS答案與解析：A'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者視哈蒂為英雄是因為她是一個品德高尚、勤奮且快樂的人。故選A項。4Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?AAn Honorable WomanBA Woman Accomplishing Great ThingsCMy HeroHattie Elizabeth AlexanderDThe First Woman President of the APS答案與解析：C'考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文講述的是作者心目中的英雄哈蒂·伊麗莎白·亞歷山大。故選C項。BLeeds Library CalendarMonday 10 April 18:00-20:00Leeds Centre for Victorian Studies The Gott collection and the Yorkshire Landscape.Nicole Harding talks aboutte Gott collection.Admission: FREESaturday 6 May 13:00-15:30Members Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress SeasonThere Will Be Blood(15) 158 mins.Daniel Plainview (Day Lewis) is a down-and-out silver miner who strikes it rich and becomes an oil tycoon. When he learns of a small oil-rich town in Californis, he moves there with his adopted son. Using his son to project the image of a caring family man, Plainview gains the cooperation of almost all the locals in the town, with promises to help develop their community but over time, Plainviews gradual accumulation of wealth and power causes his true self to surface.Admission: 3(including a glass of wine).To book please click here.Wednesday 17 May 18:00-20:00Members Film Club: The Best Actor and Actress SeasonBorn Yesterday (PG) 116 mins.Judy Holliday plays Billie Dawn, the dumb blonde girlfriend of Harry Brook (Broderick Crawford), a corrupt millionaire junk dealer. Brock, a man with social ambitions, is embarrassed by Billies rube behavior, so he arranges for her to take a crash course in culture from a handsome, young journalist (Willian Holden). Billie learns really quickly under his kind guide and becomes increasingly aware of her role in Brocks business deals.Admission: 3(including a glass of wine).To book please click here.Thursday 8 June 18:00-20:30Big Book End Event: In Conversation With Candace Robb and Chris NicksonHistorian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.Admission: 3To book please click here.1.What film will be shown on 6th May?A. Judy Holliday.B.A Glass of Wine.C. There Will Be Blood.D. Born Yesterday.2.What do we know about Billie Dawn from Born Yesterday?A. She is embarrassed by he bad manners.B. She realizes what to be expected of her.C. She contributes to her family business.D. She admires her course teacher.3.Who will attend Big Book End Event at the Leeds Library?A. Candace Robb.B. William Holden.C. Daniel Plainview.D. Broderick Crawford.【文章大意】本文為一則廣告，介紹了四月份到六月份在Leeds Library要進(jìn)行的四個活動。1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知6 May 要上映There Will Be Blood，故選C。3.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Historian and historical crime fiction author, Candace Robb will be in conversation with historical crime fiction author, Chris Nickson on Thurs 8 June, 7 p.m. at the Leeds Library.可知，Candace Robb將要在Leeds Library出席Big Book End Event，故選A。二、七選五(2018·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy? Psychologists (心理學(xué)家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. _1_ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengerssomething they typically avoided. _2_ None of the chatters reported being rejected.Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas(服務(wù)員) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction(交易). _3_ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached. _4_ In one study, people who were rated “l(fā)ess curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure(透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. _5_.AThe same is true of gallery goers.BBut don't play down small talk just yet.CThey found that small talk is related to happiness.DThose told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.EMaking small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.FA “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions” .GOf course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.【文章大意】'本文主要講述了聊天會讓人開心。1答案與解析：B根據(jù)上文的“In one study，researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選B項“但是，不要貶低聊天的重要性”。2答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected”可推知，應(yīng)選D項。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客說旅途更加愉快。3答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，應(yīng)選A項。參觀美術(shù)館的人也有同樣的感受。4答案與解析：G根據(jù)本段中對兩類人的介紹可推知，有些人更擅長把聊天話題擴(kuò)大，所以選G項。5答案與解析：F根據(jù)上文的“But people who were considered curious' needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人會與他人進(jìn)行積極的社交互動，所以選F項。三、短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2018·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考)The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk.I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold.The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face.Even though there weren't leaf on the trees，but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring.Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air.They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass.The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day.As I headed back，I realize something.The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun.It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.【答案】The sun was just slowly up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for morning walk.I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold.The air was cool and I wore a big smile my face.Even though there weren't on the trees，/ I could still hear birds singing songs of spring.Even my dogs seemed to notice the in the air.They were playing instead of just their morning business in the grass.The golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day.As I headed back，I something.The beauty of day didn't come from the warmth of the sun.It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.第一處：come改為coming。此處表示“今天太陽越過山頭慢慢升起來時我?guī)е业墓啡ド⒉健笨芍?，come up動作正在發(fā)生，故用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)，故把come改為coming。第二處：its改為their。根據(jù)上文的“took my dogs”可知，指代dogs的形容詞性物主代詞要用their，所以把its改為their。第三處：in改為on。根據(jù)句意“笑容滿面”，只能用介詞on而不是in，所以把in改為on。第四處：leaf改為leaves。leaf作“樹葉”講時是可數(shù)名詞，前無限定詞修飾；且其前的謂語動詞也是復(fù)數(shù)形式weren't，所以應(yīng)把leaf改為leaves。第五處：but改為yet或刪除but。根據(jù)句意及分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句中含有Even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，主句為I could still hear birds singing songs of spring，所以連詞but是多余的，應(yīng)刪除或者改為副詞yet。第六處：different改為difference(s)。由句中的定冠詞“the”和“in the air”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞difference，且difference為可數(shù)名詞，其前的定冠詞the不能決定其單復(fù)數(shù)的形式，前后句子也無法判斷其單復(fù)數(shù)，所以用復(fù)數(shù)也可以，故應(yīng)把different改為difference(s)。第七處：do改為doing。由do前的介詞短語“instead of”可知，其后動詞只能用動名詞形式，所以應(yīng)把do改為doing。第八處：particular改為particularly。由“golden sun”可知，應(yīng)用particular的副詞形式來修飾其后的“golden sun”，所以應(yīng)把particular改為particularly。第九處：realize改為realized。根據(jù)所在句子的時間狀語“As I headed back”可知，realize發(fā)生的時間與headed back是同時的，故也應(yīng)用一般過去時，所以應(yīng)把realize改為realized。第十處：在day前加the。此處特指上文敘述的“today”，所以應(yīng)在day前加the。四、語法填空(2018·江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測)Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu，_1_ (especial), has had a great effect_2_ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other_3_ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the_4_ (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are_5_ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it_6_ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas_7_ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even_8_ (much) ancient period codified (編纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns_9_ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps_10_ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了中國文化對世界的影響。1答案與解析：especially考查副詞。尤其是中國功夫，對于那些通過功夫初次了解中國的成千上萬的人來講，有著非常大的影響。especially“尤其是”，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)突出的人或者事情。2答案與解析：on考查介詞。have aeffect on sb“對某人有影響”為固定搭配，故填on。3答案與解析：aspects考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。他們可能會來到中國，學(xué)習(xí)了解中國文化的一些其他方面。根據(jù)空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，層面”講時是可數(shù)名詞可知，此處應(yīng)用aspect的復(fù)數(shù)形式aspects。4答案與解析：greatness考查名詞。其他亞洲國家很早以前就知道古代中國文化的博大。根據(jù)空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞greatness。5答案與解析：a考查冠詞。這些國家自身的文化是本土文化和中國特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名詞，意為“混合，結(jié)合”，是可數(shù)名詞，且此處表示泛指，故用a。6答案與解析：is challenged考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)本文的基本時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時可知，此處亦用一般現(xiàn)在時；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故填is challenged。7答案與解析：given考查過去分詞。這種力量來自“四書”中所提供的觀念。the ideas與give之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。8答案與解析：more考查比較級?！八臅笔且勒铡拔褰?jīng)”的編纂中所體現(xiàn)的更為早期的思想而著成的。根據(jù)句意及空前的“even”可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級形式，故填more。9答案與解析：what考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作learns的賓語，空處在句中作主語，且此處表示“所的事物”，故用what。10答案與解析：to further考查不定式。目前，中國已經(jīng)采取措施進(jìn)一步推廣中國文化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作目的狀語，故應(yīng)用不定式形式。further在此用作動詞，意為“促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)”。 9