Unit4 Behind beliefs重點(diǎn)詞匯講解學(xué)案重點(diǎn)單詞和短語(yǔ)1. expression n. 1) 詞，詞組；措辭The expression “in the family way” means “pregnant”. 詞組“in the family way”的意思是“懷孕”。2) 表情Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust. 彼得拉看著自己盤(pán)子里的食物，面露厭惡的表情。3) 表達(dá)，表示The minister gave expression to his anger in an attack on the government last night. 這位部長(zhǎng)昨晚對(duì)政府進(jìn)行了攻擊，表達(dá)了他的憤怒。4) 表露，展現(xiàn)Toms potential artistic talents found their expression in music. 湯姆的藝術(shù)潛能在音樂(lè)中得以體現(xiàn)。wear a delighted/ sad expression 帶著愉快的（悲傷的）表情 beyond/ past expression 無(wú)法形容地，無(wú)法表達(dá)地翻譯：新娘美得無(wú)法形容。_2. by and by 不久，過(guò)一會(huì)兒e.g. The pain will go away _.A .little by little B. step by step C. by and by譯為：疼痛一會(huì)兒就會(huì)消失。 little by little漸漸，逐漸step by step 逐步地3.underline vt.在下劃線(xiàn)，為劃底線(xiàn)；強(qiáng)調(diào)（=emphasize）n.c 底線(xiàn) draw an underline 1) Underline the most important words2) 用心讀劃線(xiàn)的部分Read the underlined part carefully.3)He underlined the importance of cooperation at the meeting. ( )強(qiáng)調(diào)合作的重要性4. mend ones way 改邪歸正，改過(guò)自新In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he has mended his way. 過(guò)去，他是個(gè)惹事生非的人，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改邪歸正了。 mend a fault 改正錯(cuò)誤Crying will not mend matters. 哭無(wú)濟(jì)于事。The patient is mending nicely. 病人正在日益好轉(zhuǎn)。It is never too late to mend. 改過(guò)不嫌晚。 聯(lián)想：1）find ones way out 找到出路 2） feel ones way 摸索著前進(jìn)3）fight ones way 突破-而前進(jìn) 4）make ones way （艱難）朝-走5）force ones way 擠出一條路 6) by the way (副) 順便問(wèn)一下 7) by way of (介) 經(jīng)過(guò),經(jīng)由 8) give way to 讓路;(對(duì)要求等)屈從,讓步9)in any way (副) 不管怎樣;好歹 10)in a way (副) 在某種程度上,從某方面來(lái)說(shuō);e.g. You are correct in a way.(從某方面來(lái)說(shuō),你是正確的)She is strange in a way.(她有點(diǎn)怪.)in no way(副) 決不 in the way 妨礙(某人)lead the way 領(lǐng)路,帶路;指導(dǎo)on the / ones way (副)1)在途中;2)在接近(某狀態(tài)),漸趨于under way (船只)航行中，（計(jì)劃等）進(jìn)行中The project got under way after some delays. (那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃在稍延遲之后開(kāi)始進(jìn)行)5. passage n. 1) 過(guò)道，走廊Marys room is just along the passage. 瑪麗的房間就在走廊的那一邊。2) 通道，通路We forced a passage through the crowd. 我們從人群中擠出一條通道。3) 一段，一節(jié)You will understand the whole text after reading the first passage.讀了第一段之后，你就會(huì)理解整個(gè)課文了。6. in other words: that is to say :namely 換言之，也就是說(shuō) In other words, our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是說(shuō)，我們的目標(biāo)是要避免失敗。拓展：1) find the words 用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言表達(dá)She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man. 她只想希望用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言表達(dá)對(duì)這位老人的感情。失信，食言 _ 信守諾言 _總之 _ 逐字地 _與某爭(zhēng)吵_, 和某人說(shuō)句話(huà) _有消息說(shuō) _有消息說(shuō)將軍將來(lái)視察軍隊(duì)_留言 _你的同學(xué)留言說(shuō)他今晚來(lái)看你 _Translate: 昨天他為一件小事跟同學(xué)吵架了._.7. competence u.n.= the ability to do something well 能力，勝任， 本領(lǐng)、be able to do =be capable of doing have competence in doing sth/ to do sth.e.g.1）我們有能力自己解決下崗工人問(wèn)題We have competence in solving/to solve the laid-off workers problems ourselves. 2) What you have said is beyond the childrens competence to understand.（超出孩子的理解能力）8. communication n.-v. communicatecommunicate 1）vi.與交流，溝通，取得聯(lián)系 communicate with sb. e.g. We communicate with each by letter (telephone). 我們用書(shū)信（電話(huà)）聯(lián)絡(luò)。2）vt.傳達(dá)（信息等），傳遞，通知 communicate sth. to sb. e.g.He communicated his intention to me. 他把他的意向告訴了我。9. polish1) polish vt. 磨光，擦亮，提高，改進(jìn)He polished his floor with a special chemical.他用一種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)擦亮地板。2) polish up 磨光，擦亮，提高，改進(jìn)He polished up an old copper coin.他擦亮了一枚古銅幣。Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holidays.如果我想去法國(guó)旅游，我需要提高我的法語(yǔ)。3) polish off 吃完，完成He polished up a plate of fish in no time at all他瞬間就吃完了一盤(pán)子魚(yú)。4) polish n.鞋油，去污劑，亮彩，磨擦Your shoes need a polish.你的鞋需要擦一擦。He bought a tin of brown polish.他昨天買(mǎi)一聽(tīng)褐色鞋油。10. suffering n.- v. suffer suffer vi.受痛苦，受苦難 vt.遭受（苦痛損失等）；忍受（主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句）suffer+ pain (loss, grief, punishment, wrong, hardship, discouragement, damage etc.)遭受疼痛損失等 suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，自然災(zāi)害，疾病等所帶來(lái)的苦難1) _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered2) Though we have _ serious natural calamities(災(zāi)難), we are sure to smooth away all difficulties.A. suffered B. suffered fromC. were struck with D. met with11. sacrifice n./vt. make a sacrifice/ sacrifices for 為某人做出犧牲at (great) sacrifice做出犧牲at the sacrifice of 介 犧牲sell at a sacrifice賤賣(mài)，削價(jià)出售e.g.1).Parents often make sacrifices for their children.( 做出犧牲)2).He achieved his success at great sacrifice.他做了很大的犧牲才獲得成功3).At the sacrifice of his comfort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.12. figure 1)figure n. 數(shù)字；錢(qián)數(shù)His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到兩位數(shù)了。It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million. 據(jù)估計(jì)他的財(cái)產(chǎn)已達(dá)兩億美元的金額。2) figure n. 體形，體態(tài)How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?她吃這么多，究竟是怎樣保持優(yōu)美的身材的？3) figure n. 人物，重要人物He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那個(gè)時(shí)代的著名政治人物。4) figure n. 人影I cant make out a dark figure in the distance. 我看不清遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)黑色人影。5) figure v. (經(jīng)過(guò)思考后)認(rèn)為，以為I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我認(rèn)為他喝醉了，不應(yīng)該讓他開(kāi)車(chē)。6) figure v. 計(jì)算Larry figured his expenses for the past month. 拉里計(jì)算了他上個(gè)月的開(kāi)支。詞組： figure out 想出，理解（某事）Can you figure out how to do it?你能想出這件事該怎么辦？It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out. 我花幾個(gè)小時(shí)才算出那些代數(shù)題。13. merciful adj. The barrister 律師urged the judge to be merciful.She is always merciful to the prisoners. 對(duì)憐憫-n. mercy 憐憫，饒恕，同情 mercy killing 安樂(lè)死show mercy to sb /have mercy on sb憐憫某人at the mercy of sb/sth任擺布It's a mercy that she wasn't seriously hurt.幸運(yùn)的是她傷勢(shì)不重。14. overhear vt. overheard ,overheard偶然聽(tīng)到，無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到l overhear /hear sth I overheard a conversation between two boys on the bus.我在公共汽車(chē)上無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到兩個(gè)男孩的談話(huà)l overhear/hear sb doing sthWe overheard them arguing.。我們碰巧聽(tīng)到他們吵嘴。l overhear/ hear sb do sthI overheard him say he was going to France.我偶然聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們說(shuō)他要去法國(guó)。15. picture vt .想象；描繪；照片顯示W(wǎng)e find it hard to picture him as the father of teenage sons.我很難想象他居然是有幾個(gè)十幾歲兒子的父親了。I tried to picture what it would be like to live alone.我努力設(shè)想一個(gè)人單獨(dú)生活是什么情景。She is pictured here with her parents.這張照片顯示她和父母在一起。16. instruct. vt指示，吩咐，命令；The letters instructed him to report to headquarters上級(jí)immediately.I have instructed them to keep the room locked.我已經(jīng)吩咐他們那房間要上鎖。Tom arrived at 6 o'clock as instructedinstruct sb about sth拓展】instruct作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“教授，傳授(技能等)；告知，通知”。如：His uncle instructed him in GermanI have been instructed that you owe me $50n. instruction知識(shí)指示，命令；用法說(shuō)明；adj. instructive 有教育意義的；提供豐富基礎(chǔ)的；有益的17. salary/ income/ pay/wages/ fee 辨析salary 薪水；指從事腦力勞動(dòng)的勞動(dòng)者，如事務(wù)員，記者，教師等的薪水。income 收入，收益，進(jìn)款統(tǒng)稱(chēng)pay money paid for regular work薪水，工資；最普通用語(yǔ)，特指海陸軍人及其他在政府工作的薪給wages 復(fù)，工資；指勞動(dòng)者的工資，工人等的工資，特指以時(shí)間計(jì)酬，或日薪，周薪等短期結(jié)算的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬，說(shuō)much 或little wages是對(duì)的；不說(shuō)many或few wagesfee 手續(xù)費(fèi)，薪金；指付給律師，醫(yī)生或其他人的謝金或手續(xù)費(fèi)18. possession. un.具有，持有g(shù)et /win possession of the ball 爭(zhēng)球cn.所有物；財(cái)產(chǎn)；殖民地 takethe possession of sth in the possession of sth被占有，控制 占據(jù)某物；住在某處所中While they are in possession we cant sell the house.他們還住著這房子，我們無(wú)法出售。 v. possess持有，具有某品質(zhì)；控制，支配人的思想19. circumstance n. 1)情況，情形I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一種我會(huì)跟她吵架的情形。2)under no circumstances 決不，無(wú)論如何都不Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 你無(wú)論如何都不得離開(kāi)這所房子。3)in/under the circumstances 在這種情況下，既然如此The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances. 在這種情況下，這是我們能期待的最好結(jié)果。4)無(wú)法控制的因素，環(huán)境，境遇Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形勢(shì)所迫， 我們不得不走。聯(lián)想： in no case,; at no time; by no means20. list v“把列入一覽表”。如：The koala is listed among Australia's endangered animals拓展】(1)list作動(dòng)詞，還表示“列清單；把列表”。如： Our teacher asked us to list our ten favourite novels(2) list n.“名單；一覽表” 。 She used to make a list of all the things she wanted to buy before going shopping 一、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納I. 復(fù)雜句子的分析句型構(gòu)成例示分析長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad.主語(yǔ)：Islam謂語(yǔ)：was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分句，由并列連詞and, or, but, for連接。Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.分句一：Honey is sweet 分句二：the bee stings 連接詞：but復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句構(gòu)成。Soon came the news that Germany has declared war on Russia.主句：Soon came the news從句：that Germany has declared war on Russia(同位語(yǔ)從句)復(fù)合并列句并列部分和從屬部分同時(shí)用在一個(gè)句子中。He shouted to attract our attention and asked us if we had won the previous days match.并列部分：He shouted to attract our attention and asked從句：if we had won the previous days match II. 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型復(fù)習(xí)句子構(gòu)成例示主動(dòng)補(bǔ) (SVC)結(jié)構(gòu)The man is a teacher.主動(dòng) (SV)結(jié)構(gòu)Iron rusts.主動(dòng)賓(SVO)結(jié)構(gòu)Liverpool won the game.主動(dòng)賓賓(SVOO)結(jié)構(gòu)Mary lent me her car.主動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)結(jié)構(gòu)We made him our spokesman.III. 并列連詞的拓展代表詞引申的并列詞例示andbothand, not onlybut (also), as well as, andas well, notnor, neither.norThey can both sing and dance.She can neither speak nor read French.orWhetheror., eitherorEither the president will resign through ill-health, or he will die in office.butwhile, whereas, onlySome of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.Id love to come, only I have to work.forfor: 對(duì)前一分句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因，只能置于句末。The doctor must have sat up all night with his patient, for you see, he looks tired and sleepy.IV. 復(fù)合句分類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)合句匯總分類(lèi)例示定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句Those who want to go please sign their names here.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句We will put off the outing until the next week, when we wont be so busy.名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句Whether he will come or not is unknown.賓語(yǔ)從句Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.表語(yǔ)從句This is where I dont agree.同位語(yǔ)從句I have no idea when she will be back.狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.原因狀語(yǔ)從句N(xiāo)ow that you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.目的狀語(yǔ)從句We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句Bring it near so that I may see it better.條件狀語(yǔ)從句As long as we dont lose heart, we will find a way to overcome the difficulty.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Though we fight like cat and dog, we still love each other.比較狀語(yǔ)從句Shes no less active than he used to be. (She is as active as he used to be.)方式狀語(yǔ)從句He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.V. 復(fù)雜句子的分析舉例復(fù)雜句子句子分析That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was first discovered by Paster, who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use.（一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物，這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他指出這可以應(yīng)用到醫(yī)療上去。）1. 主語(yǔ)：That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species（主語(yǔ)從句）2. 謂語(yǔ)： was discovered3. 狀語(yǔ)： first and by Pasteur4. 從句： who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Paster.，內(nèi)含that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句）Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. （她受過(guò)重刑，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿(mǎn)了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來(lái)幫助其他同志。）1. 主語(yǔ)： she2. 謂語(yǔ)： remained so cheerful and confident3. 狀語(yǔ)： eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. (表示伴隨狀態(tài))；ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 兩處狀語(yǔ)均用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)。)The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. （目前的問(wèn)題是，很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。）1. 主語(yǔ)： the present question2. 謂語(yǔ)： is + that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句3. 在表語(yǔ)從句中：a.主語(yǔ)：many people b. 謂語(yǔ)：consider c. 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：impossible what is really possible d. 狀語(yǔ)從句：if effort is made