考點20 虛擬語氣 高考頻度：【命題解讀】對虛擬語氣的考查重點在于根據(jù)句子的語境靈活多樣地運用虛擬語氣，賓語從句中虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用，交際用語中為表示委婉而使用的虛擬語氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語氣等。【命題預(yù)測】在特定語境下，情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣與動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)相結(jié)合的考查是近年來高考的趨勢?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】1. 掌握虛擬語氣的基本用法；2. 掌握含蓄虛擬條件句的用法；3. 掌握主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句的用法；4. 掌握名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣的用法；5. 掌握wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語氣的用法?？枷蛞籭f條件句中的虛擬語氣if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might動詞原形表示過去情況had過去分詞should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞表示將來情況should動詞原形should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞過去式were to動詞原形If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.如果昨天哈羅德沒送我們回家，我們會打出租車回家的。【巧學(xué)妙記】虛擬語氣記憶口訣虛擬語氣表愿望；If句中三情況；與現(xiàn)事實若相反；從過全were 主would原；過從had過分連；Would have過分鍵；從過were to should原；Would動原主將反。1.(2018·北京卷·單項填空) They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【參考答案】D【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會找到一個更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，該句是表示對過去的虛擬。if _ a few more kilometers是條件句部分，表示對過去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過去完成時態(tài)，故D選項正確。2.(2017·北京卷·單項填空) If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【參考答案】A【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，從句用had done形式， 故答案選 A。句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已投入使用的話， 這次事故就不會發(fā)生了。2.(2016·天津卷·單項填空)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【參考答案】D【答案解析】句意：我當(dāng)時系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。使用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)if條件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示對過去情況的虛擬，而且I和injure是被動關(guān)系。故選D?？枷蚨e綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you had followed the doctors advice，you would be better now.如果你當(dāng)時聽醫(yī)生建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。1. （2018·天津卷·單項填空）If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時間狀語yesterday可知，從句表示與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。點睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動詞形式判斷所考查的動詞的虛擬時間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯綜時間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯綜條件虛擬語氣，從句與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。2.（2016·江蘇卷·單項填空）If it_ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【參考答案】A【答案解析】本句屬于錯綜條件句的虛擬語氣。if從句表示與過去事實相反，所以使用過去完成時，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，所以使用情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。句意：如果不是因為前幾天他的邀請，我現(xiàn)在就不會在這里了。故A正確。考向三省略if的倒裝句在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我重回學(xué)校，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 要是你來的再早點，你可能就趕上公交了。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 要是明天下雨，我們就不去爬山了。 (2017·江蘇卷·單項填空)_not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【參考答案】B【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句could not overcome可知此處是省略if的虛擬語氣和倒裝，所以were應(yīng)放于主語it之前，陳述句應(yīng)為If it were not，故選B項。句意：要不是老師們的支持，這個學(xué)生不可能克服困難。考向四含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中。 （1）用but for 、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句。Without electricity human life would be quite different.=If there were no electricity, human life would be quite different. 如果沒有電，人類的生活將會有很大不同。 （2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。I lost your address. Otherwise, I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address. If I hadnt lost your address, I would have visited you long before. 你的地址我弄丟了，要不我早就去拜訪你了。（3）虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。He would have given you more help,but he was too busy. 他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件如果那時他不忙。He would lose weight,but he eats too much. 他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃得太多了。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件如果他吃得不多。1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項填空）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯過了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過一段愉快時光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對過去事情的虛擬，與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語+過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，故選C。2.(2018·天津卷·單項填空) I can't find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【參考答案】D【答案解析】考查情態(tài)動詞表推測和虛擬語氣。句意：我不能找到我的錢包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時間狀語yesterday可知，是對過去事情的推測，故用情態(tài)動詞+ have done，再根據(jù)后句but Im not sure.可知，此推測為不能肯定的推測，故用情態(tài)動詞could，表示“可能”。故選D。3.（2015·重慶卷·單項填空）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【參考答案】D 【答案解析】本題是含蓄條件句。句意：沒有他戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)驗，海明威就不可能寫出著名的小說永別了武器。根據(jù)without his wartime experience沒有戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)歷，可知表示對于過去的否定猜測，故主句用would have done，因此選D項?？枷蛭迕~性從句中的虛擬語氣1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should動詞原形，should可以省略。Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.她媽媽建議她去看醫(yī)生?！咎貏e提醒】 suggest表暗示，insist表堅持認(rèn)為時不用虛擬語氣。 試比較： He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。 He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。 He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建議我們留下吃飯。 I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺得你與他心照不宣。 2用于主語從句中常見句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ . + that. It is sbs order/desire/suggestion/advice/ . + that. It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ . + that 從句謂語形式：（should+）動詞原形It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m. 軍隊必須在上午4點之前到達(dá)那里。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人們建議會議推遲到下周。3用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是should動詞原形，should可以省略。His demand is that the boy should go with him.他要求這個男孩和他一起去。Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go. 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個去。He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊馬上撤退。1.(2018·江蘇卷·單項填空) Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【參考答案】B【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：真奇怪，他竟然沒有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句通常用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should可以省略。故選B。2.（2016·全國新課標(biāo)卷II·短文改錯）Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 【參考答案】刪除can或can改為should 【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。動詞suggest作為建議講的時候，后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣（should+）動詞原形，所以本句可以刪除can或can改為should。考向六wish 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) +從句主語+動詞過去式（be一律用were。I wish I knew everything in the world. 我希望我知道世界上的一切。I wish that the experiment were a success. 我希望實驗是成功的。2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞。I wish that you had called yesterday. 我希望你昨天打來電話。I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there. 我沒有去參加聚會，但我真希望我去過那兒。3.表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/should/could/might +動詞原形。I wish that he could try again. 我希望他能再試一次。I wish that someday I should live on the moon. 我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。1.(2018·江蘇卷·單項填空)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：在這個村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機會去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過去時。故選A。2. (2015·天津)I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【參考答案】D【答案解析】句意：上個周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮，但那時我在紐約出差。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與過去事實相反的愿望，從句用had + 過去分詞。根據(jù)句意可知選D。考向七其他句型中的虛擬語氣1would rather后的賓語從句中，表示愿望，意為寧愿；但愿。用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?；用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。I would rather he had passed the exam.我寧愿他通過了那次考試。2在It is (about/high) timethat從句中，謂語動詞常用過去式或should動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，注意should不可省略。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection.是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)的時候了。3as if，as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時；與過去事實相反用過去完成時。They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他們談啊談好像永遠(yuǎn)不會再見面一樣。4if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。Look at the trouble were in.If only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我們所處的困境，要是我們接受老師的建議就好了！題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單句改錯1.Id rather you saw the film yesterday.2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.5.You could do better，but you didnt try your best.6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.7.He suggested that we took the teachers advice.8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.題組二能力提升單項填空1.The driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident _.A. didnt happenB. hadnt happenedC. wouldnt happenD. wouldnt have happened2. If you _ yourself to doing everything in the order given, you would miss an opportunity to be a unique individual.A. commitB. committedC. have committedD. had committed3. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father _ beside him on the deck at that time.A. was standingB. stoodC. had stoodD. would have stood 4. What do you think of his performance in the match?He _, but today was not his day.A. need have scoredB. could have scoredC. should scoreD. would score5. I didnt watch the program Where are we going, Dad? yesterday.I _, either, if my father hadnt reminded me.A. wouldnt haveB. didntC. wouldntD. hadnt6. Id rather the two countries _ an end to the war. Then their people could live in peace.A. putsB. would putC. putD. should put7. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should faceB. might face C. could have facedD. must have faced8. The report urged that all the children _ to swim.A. are taughtB. be taught C. to be taughtD. being taught9. The match sounds fantastic; how I wish I _ it like you.A. watchedB. had watched C. would watchD. have watched10. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we _ on what weve done to the environment. A. have reflectedB. are reflecting C. will reflectD. reflected 題組三體驗真題1.（2019·天津卷·單項填空）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished2. (2017·天津)Do you have Betty's phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _ able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn't been B. wouldn't have been C. weren't D. wouldn't be3.(2016·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen4.(2016·北京)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell5. (2015·安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had6. (天津市和平區(qū)2017屆高三第三次質(zhì)量調(diào)查（三模）) What happened to the young trees we planted last week? The trees _ well, but I didnt water them.A. might growB. would have grownC. neednt have grownD. would grow題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單句改錯1.sawhad seen2.gowent/should go 3.knewhad known4.listenedhad listened5.dohave done6.tookhad taken7.took(should) take 8.workbe working9.have后加had10.havehad題組二能力提升單項填空1. D 【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。句意：那個司機真粗心，否則這起交通事故就不會發(fā)生。A. didnt happen 說明事故沒有發(fā)生；B. hadnt happened 是過去完成時，不符合語境；C. wouldnt happen 常用來表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵅环?；D. wouldnt have happened的意思是與過去事實相反，本句事故已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選D。2. B 【解析】句意：如果你承諾自己按已給的順序做每件事，你就會錯過成為獨特個體的機會。此處是虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣，if從句用一般過去時，主句用would/could+動詞原形，故選B。3. A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和時態(tài)。句意：要不是因為那個男孩的父親當(dāng)時在甲板上站在他旁邊，他可能就會溺水了。but for要不是，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，在此相當(dāng)于if it hadnt been for；the fact后跟同位語從句，對其進(jìn)行補充說明，父親站在男孩身旁是事實，因此從句不使用虛擬語氣；根據(jù)at that time可知，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時，故選A。4. C 【解析】句意：你認(rèn)為他在比賽中的表現(xiàn)怎么樣？他本能夠得分的，但今天他不走運。could have done本能夠（本可以）做，但實際上未做。5. C 【解析】考查虛擬條件句。句意：昨天我沒有看爸爸去哪兒。如果我爸爸沒有提醒我，我也不會看的。從條件句if my father hadnt reminded me可知是和過去相反的虛擬語氣，主句用would have done，所以選C。6. C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：我希望這兩個國家結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭，這樣，兩國人民都能和平生活。Id rather后接從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，表示現(xiàn)在的非真實情況，用一般過去時。7. C 【解析】根據(jù)but后面的過去時可知是與過去事實相反，那么主句中應(yīng)該使用情態(tài)動詞+have done的形式。故排除AB。D項只表示對過去情況的肯定推測，不表示虛擬，故C正確。8. B 【解析】urge后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形，should可以省略，且本句要使用被動語態(tài)。句意：那則報告強烈要求所有的孩子都被教會游泳。故B正確。9. B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：那場比賽聽上去真是精彩。我多么希望像你一樣看過那場比賽?。〈祟}考查I wish后面的從句中虛擬語氣的用法。依據(jù)前面句子的意思可以看出比賽已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了，所以I wish后面的從句中要用虛擬語氣，用過去完成時來表示與過去事實相反，故選B。10. D 【解析】句意：全球范圍的霧霾應(yīng)該對所有的人是個提醒，表明是我們該反思我們對環(huán)境做了什么的時候了。這是句型It is high time that.的變形，that從句中要用一般過去時或should+動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，故選D。題組三 體驗真題1.D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：工人們沒有被更好的組織起來，否則他們用一半的時間就能完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organized可知，這是對過去事情的虛擬。與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語+過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，故選D。2.B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由空前的otherwise可知應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，再結(jié)合句意可知此處表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用would have done，故選B項。句意：你有貝蒂的電話號碼嗎？有。不然的話，我昨天就不會聯(lián)系上她了。3.D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力，艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡就不會從2005年的最高點下降。使用虛擬語氣， if條件句用的had done，而且省略it，將had提前，主句用would have done表示對過去情況的虛擬。故選D。4.B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：你上周為什么沒有告訴我你遇到的麻煩？如果你告訴我的話，我就可以幫你了。根據(jù)第一句可知，這里是對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行虛擬，if條件句的時態(tài)應(yīng)該用過去完成時，故選B。5. C 【解析】句意：我們很幸運地訂到了房間，否則的話，我們現(xiàn)在就會無處可去了。or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，or后面是主句，相當(dāng)于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根據(jù)now可知，是對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行虛擬，因此用would+動詞原形，故選C。6.B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。would have done表示對過去已發(fā)生的事情的推測，表示可能已經(jīng)，句意：我們上星期種的小樹怎么了？如果我過去給它澆水的話，它可能已經(jīng)長得很好了。故答案是B項。14