2019高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題選編（5）李仕才AGrey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow. Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snowB. there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky MountainsD. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .A. has changed a lot since 1805 B.is the meeting point of three culturesC. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably .A. two native Indians B. explorers of the early 19th centuryC. merchants who did business with the IndiansD. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .A. was attempting the impossible B. was trying to set a world recordC. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks【文章大意】本文紀(jì)錄的是一次追尋前人足跡的探險(xiǎn)，盡管天氣、路程等的艱難，但是在作者看來(lái)卻是已經(jīng)趕上了以前的探險(xiǎn)者。1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.可知答案為C。2.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.可知答案為C。4.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可知，作者他們是沿著Lewis and Clark的足跡進(jìn)行探險(xiǎn)的。B(2015·河北衡水中學(xué)高三第二次模擬考試)The last time I saw him was 12 years ago. Twelve years has passed, and I still remember eating pomegranates(石榴) while his thin hands combed through my hair. To this day, I still remember stories my grandfather used to tell me. As a child living in Korea, my grandfather was my closest friend, the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides. We were inseparable from the moment we awoke until I fell asleep in his arms. I ate the food he prepared，and he was my pillow and storyteller. Little did we know that a day would come when his first granddaughter would leave. My father was to be stationed in the United States and time would blur(使變模糊) our images of each other.On the summer of my sixteenth birthday, I would see my grandfather again. On the plane，thoughts of him ran through my mind during all 14 hours of the flight. Would he look the same？Would he be healthy? Did he still have the pictures I drew for him? Most importantly, would he remember me? I was short then and always smiling. He dressed me. Twelve years later and I was taller, had a different figure. I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style. I was scared he wouldnt recognize I was his granddaughter.I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfathers house, where we found him pacing back and forth, awaiting my arrival. He looked the same, and as soon as I stepped out of the car and faced him, I began to cry. He ran toward me. “Tina！” My grandfather kept yelling. We met each other with open arms and he whispered, “Ive been waiting for my granddaughter to come home. I missed you, my little Tina. Welcome home.” Our eyes filled with tears as we walked up the stairs, arm in arm, telling each other all the events we had missed in each others life. He did remember. After all, I am his first granddaughter.1It can be inferred that in childhood the author always _Aate the food her grandmother preparedBremembered the stories her grandmother toldCrode on her grandfathers backDgot on well with her father2How old was the author when she left her grandfather?AAbout 12 years old.BAbout 6 years old.CAbout 4 years old. DAbout 2 years old.3Why did the author think her grandfather probably would not make her out?ABecause her grandfather was forgetful. BBecause she was already a “big girl”CBecause she was already an American. DBecause her grandfather was too old.4The author met her grandfather _Ain the airport Bby herself Cwith her parents Dwith her relatives【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇睆男∩钤跔敔斏磉?，四歲時(shí)隨父親到美國(guó)定居，十二年后再次回去見(jiàn)爺爺，一路上總是擔(dān)心爺爺認(rèn)不出自己，但沒(méi)想到一下車爺爺就認(rèn)出了“我”。1解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“As a child living in Korea，my grandfather was my closest friend，the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides.”可知，“我”每天都和爺爺在一起，騎在他背上玩耍。故答案選C。2解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The last time I saw him was 12 years ago.”可知，“我”最后一次見(jiàn)到爺爺是十二年前；根據(jù)第二段第一句“On the summer of my sixteenth birthday，I would see my grandfather again.”可知，十六歲生日的那年夏天“我”再次見(jiàn)到了爺爺；由此可推知，作者是在四歲的時(shí)候離開(kāi)爺爺?shù)?。故答案選C。3解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I was short then and always smiling.He dressed me.Twelve years later and I was taller，had a different figure.I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style.”可知，十二年后，“我”長(zhǎng)高了，形象不一樣了，所以擔(dān)心爺爺認(rèn)不出“我”。故答案選B。4解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfathers house”可知，作者是和親戚一塊去見(jiàn)爺爺?shù)?。故答案選D。CImagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner thereSounds unusual，doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern EuropeChina is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and SingaporeChina has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to GermanyThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western EuropeIf Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two daysThe new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway standardAnd the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes Chinas bullet train(高速客車)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hoursOf course，there are some technical challenges to overcomeThere are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(軌距)，maintenance of railway tracksSo，its important to pay attention to every detail But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansionChina prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investmentResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain developmentIt11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countriesFor China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop Chinas far westWe foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unusedWith high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries( ) 1. Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countriesD. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism選B在文章倒數(shù)第二段中有明確答案( ) 2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is A. technical issues B. safety of the systemw_w w.C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks選C . 在文章第8段看到 There are so many issues that need to be settled.及第9節(jié)中 But the key issue is really money( ) 3. Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan? A. Critical B. Reserved C. Doubtful D. Positive選D . 盡管在文章第8，9段中 提到存在的問(wèn)題，但從最后兩段中不難看出作者是持支持的態(tài)度( ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway DreamsC. Highspeed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network選B. 貫穿全文須知這只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。D(2015·河南豫北、豫東十所名校聯(lián)考)The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas and electric­powered stoves.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves in the home.Most of the deaths are in developing countries. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.The WHOs plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings, which show that the use of toxic(有毒的) fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.Carlos Dora, an official in the WHO, says people should not use unprocessed coal indoors.He says, “Opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. You cant expect that a bit of ventilation(通風(fēng)) is going to get rid of this. It is really about clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels, avoiding coal and going for the solar.”WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease and childhood lung cancer. These diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal. Women and girls are the main victims.The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub­Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.WHO experts note some new, safe and low­cost technologies that could help are already available. But this is just a start. They are urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.1The reason for indoor air pollution is _Astill unknownBthe use of solar energyCthe use of dangerous fuels and cook­stovesDthe frequent use of fuels in efficient stoves2Who may be the least affected by indoor air pollution?AChildren in China.BMen in Europe.CGirls in sub­Saharan Africa.DWomen in Latin American countries.3Solutions to the indoor air pollution problem include _going for animal waste and coalusing clean fuelsincreasing access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliancesopening a window or door to let out the harmful airA BC D4Whats the main idea of this passage?AHealth is very important to people in developing countries.BPeople in developing countries are dying from air pollution.CPeople in developing countries know too little about science and technology.DProper cooking ways help reduce the deaths in developing countries.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。在室內(nèi)使用固體燃料會(huì)使室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，從而導(dǎo)致中毒死亡。為解決此問(wèn)題，世界衛(wèi)生組織建議在發(fā)展中國(guó)家增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設(shè)備。1解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves in the home.”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織警告說(shuō)，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)的人死于家里使用的危險(xiǎn)燃料和烹調(diào)爐引起的室內(nèi)空氣污染。故C項(xiàng)正確。2解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Most of the deaths are in developing countries.”可知，絕大部分的死亡事故發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國(guó)家；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries.are also at risk.”可知，印度、中國(guó)以及拉丁美洲的一些國(guó)家污染嚴(yán)重；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，女性是主要受害者，由此可推知，歐洲男子最不容易因室內(nèi)空氣污染而死亡。故B項(xiàng)正確；A、C、D三項(xiàng)都屬于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人，這些地區(qū)污染嚴(yán)重，故最可能因此而死亡。3解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文最后一句中的“increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”可知，增加使用更清潔、更現(xiàn)代化的烹飪和加熱設(shè)備是解決問(wèn)題的方法之一，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知，室內(nèi)污染主要來(lái)自于固體燃料的使用而導(dǎo)致的室內(nèi)一氧化碳濃度升高，這些固體燃料包括煤炭，動(dòng)物排泄物，木頭等，所以不在范圍內(nèi)，故排除B項(xiàng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。4解析：選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The way we cook is important.”及第二段最后一句“To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要說(shuō)明了正確的烹飪方法將減輕發(fā)展中國(guó)家的室內(nèi)污染，從而減少死亡事故的發(fā)生。故D項(xiàng)正確。E閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India at the moment，so it's proving a very popular service.“When I'm on the road driving our taxi I feel very proud，because this is the first taxi service only for women，”says 31­year­old Shanti Sharma，who is one of eight female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs for Women by Women.The last couple of months，since the rape and murder in the city of a college student travelling on a bus，have been particularly busy for her and her colleagues.“After this case，our workload has increased so much，” says Sharma.“Women who used other cab services are also turning to us now.”Most women in Delhi say they routinely face harassment(騷擾)，and worse，especially on public transport.Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.This is the first time that she has earned enoughabout 250 a monthto support her family.Of course，she and the other female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by male cabbies.“When I park somewhere there are always men there and inevitably five or six of them get together and hang out，” she says.“I'm usually the only woman in the parking lot，so I just stay inside the car.”It's not much better when she is out on the road.Sharma says the male drivers give her a hard time.“As soon as they see a woman at the wheel they start honking(按喇叭) for no reason.They'll try to overtake you.I'm always worrying about how to avoid getting hit by someone.”The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.It wanted to give women from poor backgrounds an opportunity to earn money.By putting women in charge of technologies，it also wanted to change people's attitudes，and open up boundaries for women.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】德里一家出租車公司專門推出了女性司機(jī)只為女性乘客提供服務(wù)的Cabs for Women by Women 出租車業(yè)務(wù)。生意異常火爆。1The taxi service Cabs for Women by Women _.Ais greatly needed at present in IndiaBcauses a hot debate in IndiaCwas set up in 2012Dis free of charge for women解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的“it's proving a very popular service”可知，這項(xiàng)女性出租車服務(wù)在現(xiàn)在有很大需求量。答案A2Why are women who used other cab services turning to Cabs for Women by Women?ABecause it is cheap. BBecause it is safe.CBecause it is famous. DBecause it is convenient.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段內(nèi)容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租車的女性現(xiàn)在選擇Cabs for Women by Women，是因?yàn)檫@種由婦女駕駛的出租車能為女性乘客提供安全保障。答案B3What do we know about Sharma?AShe is the first female taxi driver in Delhi.BShe lives in harmony with her husband.CShe has regretted becoming a taxi driver.DShe has a better salary after becoming a taxi driver.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知，從2011年Sharma成為出租車司機(jī)后，她才賺了足夠多的錢來(lái)養(yǎng)家糊口。答案D4What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe opportunities Cabs for Women by Women provides for women.BThe main purposes of Cabs for Women by Women.CPeople's attitudes towards Cabs for Women by Women.DThe background information of Cabs for Women by Women.解析段落大意題。根據(jù)本段的主題句“The company behind Cabs for Women by Women，Sakha Consulting Wings，had a number of goals when it set up the service.”可知，本段主要講開(kāi)展Cabs for Women by Women 出租車服務(wù)的目的。答案B【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】原文Sharma，a single parent with three daughters，has been working as a taxi driver since 2011，when the service was first set up，and it has changed her life.譯文Sharma是一個(gè)獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)三個(gè)女兒的單親母親，自從2011年首次開(kāi)展這項(xiàng)服務(wù)以來(lái)，她一直是一名出租車司機(jī)。這改變了她的生活。分析and前后為兩個(gè)并列分句。在第一個(gè)分句中，a single parent with three daughters 是Sharma的同位語(yǔ)。when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾2011。13