第4講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣1Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018·江蘇，24)Awould BshouldCcould Dmight答案B解析句意為：很奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主人同意就拿走了那些書。此處should作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故選B。2There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018·江蘇，27)Ahad Bwill haveCwould have had Dhave had答案A解析句意為：在這個(gè)村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有機(jī)會(huì)更多地參與其中。I wish后接從句，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用did(be動(dòng)詞用were)；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用had done；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用would/could do。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故選A。3In todays information age，the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.(2018·北京，12)Aneed BshouldCcan Dmust答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)。can在此表示可能性，意為“可能，會(huì)”。need需要；should應(yīng)該；must必須，以上三者均不符合句意。句意為：在如今這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失可能會(huì)給一個(gè)公司帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。4They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018·北京，13)Adrove Bwould driveCwere to drive Dhad driven答案D解析根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)形式以及語(yǔ)境可知，if條件句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)：主句謂語(yǔ)用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“had過(guò)去分詞”。5I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018·天津，10)Ashould leave Bmust have leftCmight leave Dcould have left答案D解析句意為：我找不到我的錢包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知空格處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)，需用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”，B、D兩項(xiàng)符合；再根據(jù)句中的but Im not sure排除B項(xiàng)“一定落在”，故選D項(xiàng)。若C項(xiàng)改為might have left，也是正確的。6If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018·天津，15)Ahad caught BcaughtChave caught Dwould catch答案A解析句意為：如果我們昨天趕上了航班的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在海灘上享受假期了。根據(jù)前半句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知，這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用“had動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。7Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津，15)Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have beenCwerent Dwouldnt be答案B解析句意為：你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎？有。不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would have done，故選B項(xiàng)。8If it for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016·江蘇，27)Ahad not been Bshould not beCwere not to be Dshould not have been答案A解析句意為：如果不是他前幾天邀請(qǐng)我，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the other day可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去行為的虛擬，故if從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。診斷報(bào)告考向?qū)?yīng)題號(hào)我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1,3,5虛擬語(yǔ)氣2,4,6,7,8解題方法方法1意義判斷法所謂意義判斷法就是分析語(yǔ)境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是做題的前提。方法2句型判斷法有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推測(cè)時(shí)，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中。運(yùn)用此法就是通過(guò)分析所給句子的句型特點(diǎn)，選用具有特定句型特點(diǎn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。方法3語(yǔ)氣判斷法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度，所以在解答此類試題時(shí)，一定要注意說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣(這也是解題的難點(diǎn))，這就要求正確理解句子，從說(shuō)話者的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合特定的情感需要。方法4人稱判斷法有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)某個(gè)意義時(shí)，要與特定的人稱連用，這為我們選擇正確答案提供了方向。方法5特定詞匯、句型提示法虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句中，在不同的從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)，如if非真實(shí)條件句(分三種情形)，wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞形式，就基本上掌握了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。另外，某些詞、句如if it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往也要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?？键c(diǎn)1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 1My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who have taken it? Aneed BmustCshould Dcould答案D解析第二句句意為：可能是誰(shuí)把它拿走了呢？could可表示說(shuō)話者主觀猜測(cè)的“可能”，此時(shí)用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，符合題意。need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜測(cè)時(shí)通常只用于肯定句；should多指預(yù)期的事，常譯為“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”。2They are said to have been familiar with each other.But they .They were introduced only hours ago.Amay not have been Bcouldnt have beenCmustnt have been Dneednt have been答案B解析句意為：據(jù)說(shuō)他們互相之間已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。但是不可能啊。他們幾小時(shí)前才被介紹認(rèn)識(shí)的。根據(jù)句意可知這是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)，應(yīng)用couldnt have done表示“過(guò)去不可能做了某事”。3Life is unpredictable；even the poorest become the richest.Ashall BmustCneed Dmight答案D解析句意為：生活是難以預(yù)料的，甚至是最窮的人都有可能變成最富的人。might表示比較小的可能性，常用于肯定句和否定句中，符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。shall表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，或命令、允諾、威脅等強(qiáng)烈語(yǔ)氣；must一定；need需要，均不合題意。4Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017·北京，21)Amust BshouldCcan Dneed答案C解析句意為：我們班最高的男孩塞繆爾能(can)輕松地夠到頂層架子上的書。此處表示能力，要用can。must必須；should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該；need需要。5It was really annoying；I get access to the data bank you had recommended.Awouldnt BcouldntCshouldnt Dneednt答案B解析句意為：真煩人，我無(wú)權(quán)使用你推薦的資料庫(kù)。couldnt意為“不能”，符合語(yǔ)境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；neednt沒(méi)必要。6My room is a mess，but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017·天津，2)Adarent BshouldntCneednt Dmustnt答案C解析句意為：我的房間很亂，不過(guò)今晚在我出去之前，我沒(méi)必要(neednt)打掃它。我可以在(明天)早晨打掃。darent不敢；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；mustnt不準(zhǔn)。7I have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Amightnt BmustntCneednt Dcouldnt答案C解析句意為：在來(lái)到新學(xué)校前我本不必?fù)?dān)心，因?yàn)樵谛聦W(xué)校我的同班同學(xué)對(duì)我很友好。neednt have done sth.本沒(méi)必要做某事，符合題意?？键c(diǎn)歸納(一)基本用法1表示肯定推測(cè)時(shí)must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might。2表示否定推測(cè)時(shí)cant語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，意為“不可能”；may/might/could not的語(yǔ)氣較弱，意為“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推測(cè)，而表示“禁止，不能”。)3表示推測(cè)時(shí)，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might往往用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各種句式，can用于肯定句中時(shí)，有時(shí)表示“一時(shí)的可能性或暫時(shí)的可能性”。4“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞do”表示對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be doing”表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)。(二)may和might的用法1表示許可。表示請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“禁止”。(1)You may drive the car.你可以駕駛這輛車。(2)Might I use your pen?No，you mustnt.我能用你的鋼筆嗎？不，你不能。2表示推測(cè)、可能(常用于肯定句中)。 He may be very busy now.現(xiàn)在他可能很忙。3用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！(三)can和could的用法1表示能力，could 是 can 的過(guò)去式。(1)Can you speak English? 你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎？(2)Could you speak English then? 那時(shí)候你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎？2表示請(qǐng)求允許，可用 can或 could，could語(yǔ)氣較委婉；表示給予允許，一般只用 can，而不能用 could。Could/Can I use your pen?Yes，of course you can.我可以借用你的鋼筆嗎？當(dāng)然可以。3can表推測(cè)時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句；有時(shí)也用于肯定句中，表示理論上的可能性，或表示“有時(shí)可能會(huì)”之意。(1)Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it？他怎么知道？會(huì)是哪個(gè)人告訴他了嗎？(2)It can be very cold in Scotland.蘇格蘭天氣有時(shí)會(huì)很冷的。(四)need，dare的用法1need表示“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。用于疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，肯定回答要用must?！皀eednt have過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。(1)You neednt come so early.你不必來(lái)這么早。(2)You neednt have waited for me.你本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要等我的。2dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，過(guò)去式形式為dared。(1)How dare you say Im unfair!你怎么敢說(shuō)我不公平！(2)He darent speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在這么多人面前說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。3dare和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式?？键c(diǎn)2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法1I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.Amight BmustCwould Dshould答案C解析此題考查的是would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可譯為“過(guò)去常?！薄＞湟鉃椋何胰耘f記得我快樂(lè)的童年，那時(shí)我的母親常在周末帶我去迪士尼樂(lè)園。2Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone ring.Amust BcouldCmight Dneed答案A解析must在此表示說(shuō)話人的愿望或感到不耐煩，意為“偏要”。句意為：正當(dāng)我們要坐下來(lái)吃飯時(shí)，偏偏電話鈴響了。3It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves， bring me food.Amight Bwould Cshould Dcould答案C解析句意為：讓我難為情的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should可表示說(shuō)話人的驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感，此處意為“竟然”，表驚訝。4According to the new school regulations，the students be forbidden to go out beyond 1030 at night.Amust BshallCmay Dcan 答案B解析句意為：根據(jù)新的校規(guī)，晚上超過(guò)十點(diǎn)半學(xué)生禁止外出。shall表示法律條約、規(guī)章制度等規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。意為“應(yīng)該，必須”?？键c(diǎn)歸納(一)would的用法would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。(1)He would come to have a chat with us when he was free.他有空時(shí)，常會(huì)過(guò)來(lái)跟我們聊天。(2)He used to live in a cottage near the river.他過(guò)去常住在河邊的一座小木房里。(二)must的用法must用在條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，有時(shí)表示固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持，意為“一定要，非得要”。(1)Must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出這討厭的噪音嗎？(2)If you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就帶上我的傘。(三)shall的用法1shall用于主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話者(而非句子主語(yǔ))給對(duì)方的一種允諾、威脅、命令、警告等。(1)You shall have a lot of money.你會(huì)有很多錢的。(允諾)(2)You shall arrive there before sunset.你們要在日落前到達(dá)那里。(命令)(3)She shall get what she deserves.她會(huì)有報(bào)應(yīng)的。(警告)2shall用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱的陳述句中，表示條約、規(guī)章、法令等中的義務(wù)或規(guī)定，常譯為“應(yīng)，必須”。(1)All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成員都要捐助進(jìn)行這一類活動(dòng)所需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)。(2)Visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3在下列句型中的that從句里常用should，把that從句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)從句表達(dá)的情景表示懷疑、驚訝、憂慮、惋惜、歡喜等，翻譯時(shí)，常加上“竟然”兩字。Im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.I think it important/a pity.that.I cannot imagine/believe.that.It worries me/astonishes me.that.It is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.(1)Im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，真使我驚訝。(2)It is astonishing that he should have committed the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的錯(cuò)誤，真令人吃驚?？键c(diǎn)3考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法His way of addressing one hard problem last Friday lead to the rise of another.Awould rather Bmay wellCshall Dneed答案B解析句意為：他上周五處理一個(gè)難題的方法很有可能導(dǎo)致另一個(gè)難題的出現(xiàn)。may well do sth.很可能做某事，為固定搭配。考點(diǎn)歸納1cannot/never.too/enough.再也不過(guò)分，越越好2cant help/choose but do.只好做3cant but do.不得不做4cant help doing.情不自禁做5it cant be helped實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法；無(wú)法避免6more than sb.can.非某人所能7may/might well do.很有可能做某事8may/might as well do.不妨做；還是做的好考點(diǎn)4虛擬語(yǔ)氣1If the new safety system to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017·北京，34)Ahad been put Bwere putCshould be put Dwould be put答案A解析句意為：要是新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用了的話，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，所以從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，選A項(xiàng)。2 not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江蘇，22)AIt were BWere itCIt was DWas it答案B解析句意為：如果沒(méi)有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)用were；在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果有should，had或were時(shí)，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主語(yǔ)前，形成部分倒裝，故選B項(xiàng)。3Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written答案D解析句意為：要是沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會(huì)寫出他的著名小說(shuō)永別了，武器。該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由語(yǔ)境知，這里是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，因此主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/could/should/mighthave done”，故D項(xiàng)正確。4It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.Ahad Bhad hadCwould have Dwould have had答案C解析句意為：很幸運(yùn)我們訂了一個(gè)房間，否則我們現(xiàn)在將無(wú)處可住。or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行虛擬，因此用“would動(dòng)詞原形”，故選C。5Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced答案D解析句意為：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好??！I wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be用were)；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用could/should/would/might do；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，選D項(xiàng)。6We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.Awould stay Bhas stayedCstayed Dstay答案C解析would rather后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用“had過(guò)去分詞”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。根據(jù)后一句中的is可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，故此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，故選C項(xiàng)。7It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it?Ahad done Bhave doneCdid Dam doing答案A解析句意為：是約翰打壞了窗戶。為什么你說(shuō)得好像是我打壞了似的？題中broke表示“打壞窗戶”發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”。as if/though后面的從句用had done表示對(duì)“過(guò)去”的虛擬。故A項(xiàng)正確?？键c(diǎn)歸納(一)if條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間 虛擬條件句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had done would/could/should/might have done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/werewould/could/should/might do與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 did/werewere to doshould dowould/could/should/might do(二)if省略句1當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有had，should，were時(shí)，可將if省略，而將had，should，were置于句首，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。If you had left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你早點(diǎn)從家中出門，你就能趕上汽車了。 2若省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略形式。 Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.要不是考慮到花銷，我現(xiàn)在可能都出國(guó)了。(三)含蓄條件句用介詞(短語(yǔ))代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的介詞(短語(yǔ))有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 (1)Without your help，we could not have succeeded.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得成功。 (2)But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是沒(méi)有電，就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)。 (3)He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否則他會(huì)參加派對(duì)的。 (四)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中分別用過(guò)去式、過(guò)去完成式和“could/would動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反。(1)I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。(2)He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他沒(méi)講過(guò)那樣的話。(3)I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨。(五)特殊句式would rather.過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。(六)as if 從句在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成式 (had done)。(1)She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顧這男孩就像對(duì)自己的兒子一樣。 (2)She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。拓展延伸1當(dāng)條件句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱作“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功學(xué)習(xí)了的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。 2虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用 demand，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建議、要求后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.我們建議湯姆去休息一下。在It is necessary/important/strange that.；It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。(1)It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.掌握一門外語(yǔ)很重要。(2)Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out.人們建議執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。試比較：It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人感到奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。)3在idea，advice，order，demand，request等表命令、建議、要求的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。(1)My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.我要求她一周來(lái)看我一次。(2)All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down.我們都支持關(guān)閉化工廠的建議。4Its (high/about) time that主語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)/should do(should不可省略)，意為“到了某人做的時(shí)候了”。It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候了。1Whats your opinion about the requirement that an MBA student working experience？(2018·全國(guó)大聯(lián)考江蘇卷，26)Ahas Bwill haveChave Dwould have答案C解析句意為：你對(duì)工商管理碩士需要有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的要求如何看待？requirement后邊是that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略，故選 C。2Held inside for too long，regret affect the immune system.(2018·南京三模，22)Amust BcanCshould Dshall答案B解析can 表推測(cè)時(shí)通常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，但can 有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)，表示理論上的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的。句意為：懊悔在心里忍太久，也會(huì)影響免疫系統(tǒng)。故選B。3Listen！Lucy is singing in our dormitory.It be Lucy.She went home half an hour ago.Acant BmustntCmay not Dshouldnt答案A解析根據(jù)句意“她半小時(shí)前回家了”可知此處表示“不可能”的意思。否定句中表示“不可能”用cant。4Lucas failed his driving test again. harder，he the test now.(2018·泰州中學(xué)高三期中)AIf he practiced；would passBHad he practiced；would passCDid he follow；would have passedDShould he practice；would have passed答案B解析句意為：盧卡斯駕駛考試又沒(méi)有通過(guò)，如果他努力練習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在他就能通過(guò)考試了。根據(jù)failed可知從句與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，if從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可以把if省略，had提前，用倒裝句形式；根據(jù)now可知主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用“would動(dòng)詞原形”。故選B。5Were it not for the fact that he his work，he enjoying himself by the seaside.Acompleted；wouldnt have beenBhad completed；wouldnt have beenChas completed；wouldnt beDcompletes；wouldnt be答案C解析句意為：要不是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)完成了工作的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在不會(huì)在海邊放松自己。第一空：fact后是同位語(yǔ)從句，表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，且是陳述事實(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；第二空：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句用“would動(dòng)詞原形”，故選C。6Why didnt you call me then?Oh，my cell-phone was power off.I you otherwise.(2018·南京高淳區(qū)、淮海中學(xué)等97校聯(lián)考，25)Awould call Bhad calledChave called Dwould have called答案D解析句意為：為什么當(dāng)時(shí)你不給我打電話？哦，我的手機(jī)沒(méi)電了。否則的話我會(huì)給你打的。此處相當(dāng)于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用“would/should/could/mighthave過(guò)去分詞”，指如果我手機(jī)當(dāng)時(shí)有電的話我會(huì)給你打的。故選D。7Its too bad that my computer has got a new virus.If only I that programme! (2018·如東中學(xué)高三上期中，34)Adidnt run Bhavent runChadnt run Dwouldnt run答案C解析句意為：真糟糕，我的電腦中了新的病毒。要是我沒(méi)有運(yùn)行那個(gè)程序就好了。此處表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為C。8Sixty decades on，the presenter (Queen Elizabeth ) has evolved somewhat，as has the technology she described.Back then，who that people would one day be watching this on laptops and mobile phones，as some of you are today? Amust have imaginedBmay have imaginedCwould have imaginedDneed have imagined答案C解析句意為：六十年過(guò)去了，演講者(伊麗莎白二世)也像她所描述的技術(shù)那樣，“升級(jí)”了一些。那時(shí)候，有誰(shuí)能想象到，有一天人們會(huì)從筆記本電腦和手機(jī)上觀看這則視頻，就像今天你們中的一部分人這樣？根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用“would have過(guò)去分詞”。“must have過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定性推測(cè)，意為“準(zhǔn)是/一定(已經(jīng))了”；“may have過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，意為“可能/也許(已經(jīng))了”；“need have過(guò)去分詞”表示本需要做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做。故選C。9The 60th Grammy nomination list was suspiciously male dominated，leaving a number of social media users up in arms，complaining why Katy Perry and Demi Lovato，who both had albums eligible for nods， be shut out.Ashould BmustCshall Dmight答案A解析句意為：第60屆格萊美獎(jiǎng)提名名單有被男性歌手主導(dǎo)的嫌疑，很多社會(huì)媒體用戶激烈地抗議，抱怨為什么專輯有資格提名的凱蒂·佩里以及黛米·洛瓦特竟然顆粒無(wú)收。should應(yīng)該，竟然；must必須；shall應(yīng)該；might可能。shut out是固定搭配，意為“把排除在外”，故選A。10According to the local law，no one enter the building site without permission.Acan BmustCshall Ddare答案C解析句意為：根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)胤梢?guī)定，沒(méi)有許可任何人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入這個(gè)大樓。can能夠；must必須；dare敢。shall(通常指按照規(guī)則或法律規(guī)定)必須，一定，將。故選C。專題強(qiáng)化練(四).單項(xiàng)填空1The painting not be a masterpiece，but the colors are marvelous.(2018·鎮(zhèn)江高三上期中，31)Amust BmayCneed Dshould答案B解析must必須；may也許，可能；need需要；should應(yīng)該。句意為：這幅畫也許不是杰作，但色彩確實(shí)是非凡的。表示“可能，也許”，故選B。2If we a table in advance，we wouldnt be standing here in the long queue.(2018·揚(yáng)州高三上期中，32)Areserve BreservedChave reserved Dhad reserved答案D解析句意為：如果我們事先預(yù)定了一張桌子，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍里了。從句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，使用would/could/might/shoulddo。根據(jù)題意，故選D。3Its so cold here! Why havent you turned on your air-conditioner?Well，it turn on.(2018·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二調(diào)，34)Ashouldnt BcantCwont Dshant答案C解析wont表示“偏偏不”，此處意為“這個(gè)空調(diào)就是打不開(kāi)/偏偏打不開(kāi)”，故選C。4Its no use envying others success.Its time you hard.Amust work Bwere to workCwork Dshould work答案D解析句意為：嫉妒別人的成功是沒(méi)有用的，是該你努力工作的時(shí)候了。在Its time (that).句式中，從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should不能省略)。故選D。5I did better，but I still wasnt as focused as I .(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期末，27)Ashould do Bshould have beenCshould be Dshould have done答案B解析句意為：我做得更好了，但是我仍然沒(méi)有做到像我應(yīng)該的那樣專注。根據(jù)句中的did和wasnt可知，談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去的事，可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；第二個(gè)as后的從句補(bǔ)充完整為：as I should have been focused，為了避免重復(fù)，省去了focused。故選B項(xiàng)。6He would be in better health now with too much work when young.(2018·鹽城中學(xué)段考，32)Ahad he not burdened himselfBif he was not burdenedCwere he not burdenedDhad he not been burdened himself答案A解析句意為：如果年輕時(shí)他不是被太多的工作所累，他現(xiàn)在將會(huì)身體更健康。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when young可推斷，從句表示與過(guò)去相反的事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；且如果if省略，句子用部分倒裝，had置于句首。burden oneself with.負(fù)重?fù)?dān)。故選A。7After making the speech，he went through it in his mind to reflect where he better.(2017·南京三模，24)Acould do Bwould doCcould have done Dwould have done答案C解析句意為：在演講之后，他在頭腦中把演講回顧了一遍，反思哪里本能夠做得更好。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，演講已經(jīng)結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在在反思已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用could have done表示過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠做某事，故選C項(xiàng)。8Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.Well，she say that.She is always making excuses.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，23)Amustnt BwouldCneednt Dshould答案B解析句意為：雪莉打電話過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)她很忙不能來(lái)了。嗯，她是會(huì)說(shuō)這種話的。她總是編造借口。would表示某人過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，根據(jù)上句中的rang可以看出來(lái)是在講發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情。mustnt表示禁止；neednt不需要，不必；should應(yīng)該，竟然。根據(jù)題意選B項(xiàng)。9Its over five years since the release of the animation Frozen，but the icy queen and her frozen empire are still staying in the spotlight，as if the movie only last month.Awere releasedBhad been releasedCwould have been releasedDwas released答案B解析句意為：動(dòng)畫片冰雪奇緣上映已經(jīng)5年多了，但是冰雪女王和她的冰凍帝國(guó)仍然一直受到公眾的關(guān)注，就好像這部電影上個(gè)月才上映。as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month可知，此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用had done，故選B項(xiàng)。10He was greatly shocked at Donald Trumps taking office.Never did he expect that the voters be so unreasonable.(2017·南京、鹽城二模，32)Ashould BcouldCwould Dmight答案A解析句意為：他對(duì)唐納德·特朗普的上任感到很震驚。他從來(lái)沒(méi)有想到選民們竟然會(huì)如此不理智。should應(yīng)該，竟然；could可能，能夠；would(過(guò)去)往往會(huì)；might可能。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息shocked和Never did he expect可知，應(yīng)用should，表示意外或者在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)是不可思議的情況。故選A項(xiàng)。11Why didnt you move to another city when you finished your further study abroad?I wanted to，but she simply let me go.(2018·常州期末，29)Acouldnt BwouldntCshouldnt have Dmustnt have答案B解析would(用于過(guò)去的情況)表示“意愿”“肯”“會(huì)”等，wouldnt為“不愿意，不肯”，符合題意。句意為：當(dāng)你完成了國(guó)外的留學(xué)深造時(shí)，你為什么不搬到其他城市去呢？我也想，但她實(shí)在不愿意讓我去。故選B。12There is some possibility that the patient could make a full recovery， a certain cure for the disease.(2018·無(wú)錫期末，29)Athere should be Bwas thereCthere was Dshould there be答案D解析句意為：如果這種疾病有