第三講形容詞、副詞形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)全析考法.單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2018·全國(guó)卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than non­runners.解析：longer根據(jù)空后的than和語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞比較級(jí)形式，故填longer。2(2018·全國(guó)卷)He screams the _ (loud) of all. 解析：loudest根據(jù)空前的the以及空后的of all可知此處應(yīng)用副詞最高級(jí)。3(2018·6月浙江高考)There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.解析：higher此處表示這么做可能還會(huì)讓你付出更高的健康代價(jià)。根據(jù)even可判斷，此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)。4(2017·全國(guó)卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：worse根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用副詞比較級(jí)形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。5(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteen years _ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析：earliersixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此時(shí)的earlier相當(dāng)于before，一般直接跟在時(shí)間名詞的后面。6(2016·全國(guó)卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識(shí)別) those of _ (great) and less importance.解析：greaterand連接并列成分，根據(jù)后面的less可知，此處要用形容詞比較級(jí)形式。7(2014·全國(guó)卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever.解析：cleaner從后面的“than”可知此處要用形容詞比較級(jí)，故填cleaner。8(2014·廣東高考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析：earlier由“had made”可知該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前，故應(yīng)該是早在六個(gè)月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，所以用副詞比較級(jí)earlier。.單句改錯(cuò)1(2018·全國(guó)卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._解析：largerlarge根據(jù)句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前講話，這里沒有比較的含義，故將larger改為large。2(2017·全國(guó)卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._解析：earlierearlyget up early意為“早起”，句中沒有比較的意思，故不用比較級(jí)。3(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest._解析：favoritestfavoritefavorite沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則(一)形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)的詞一般情況下直接加­er和­estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加­r和­stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，且前面只有一個(gè)元音的詞，先雙寫詞尾的輔音字母后再加­er和­estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的詞，先把y變?yōu)閕再加­er和­esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently 特別注意(1)有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow, ­er結(jié)尾的詞。(2)有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有：right(正確的), wrong(錯(cuò)誤的), excellent(優(yōu)秀的), possible(可能的), empty(空的), first(第一的), wooden(木制的), final(最后的), east(東方的), last(最后的)等。2不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指時(shí)間或空間上“更遠(yuǎn)的”)farthest(指時(shí)間或空間上“最久的；最遠(yuǎn)的”)further(指空間距離“更遠(yuǎn)的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空間距離“最遠(yuǎn)的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的用法1原級(jí)的用法(1)“as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as”與“notas/so形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as”表示同級(jí)比較，即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同/不同。He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他沒有他弟弟跑得快。(2)當(dāng)as .as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時(shí)，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的書沒有我的書多。2比較級(jí)的用法(1)“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更”?！發(fā)ess多音節(jié)形容詞/副詞原級(jí)than”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.這本書不如那本書有趣。(2)“the形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)，the形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)”表示“越，就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.機(jī)器人與人類交流得越多，它學(xué)會(huì)的就越多。(3)“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)and形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)”表示“越來越”。It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天來了，天氣越來越冷。(4)“the形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)of the two名詞”表示“某人或某物是兩者中較的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.邁克是兩個(gè)男孩中個(gè)子比較高的那個(gè)。(5)形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等來修飾。It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.這個(gè)價(jià)格仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)位，但是它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于最初的要價(jià)了。3最高級(jí)的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比較，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為“the最高級(jí)表示比較范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”，表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.這只狗有一條逗人而短的尾巴，它的臉肯定是世上最逗人的狗臉了。(2)“one of the最高級(jí)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in modern history.這是現(xiàn)代歷史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比較級(jí)或原級(jí)表示最高級(jí)含義?！胺穸ㄔ~語(yǔ)比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義。比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義。(4)最高級(jí)可以用序數(shù)詞及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修飾。(三)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法倍數(shù)表達(dá)法例句A謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)(名詞)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.總的來說，泛濫成災(zāi)的電子廢棄物正以比傳統(tǒng)垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)asBThis restaurant wasn't half as good as that other restaurant we went to.這家飯店還不如我們以前去過的那家飯店的一半好。A謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)the名詞(size, length, height, wei­ght等)ofBWhen you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice the size of that one.當(dāng)你研究當(dāng)?shù)氐牡貓D時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城鎮(zhèn)是那座(城鎮(zhèn))的兩倍大。A謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)thatofBA謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)what從句The output of this year is three times that of 2018.The output of this year is three times what it was in 2018.今年的產(chǎn)量是2018年的三倍。常見副詞全析考法單句改錯(cuò)1(2018·全國(guó)卷)Immediate, I raised my hand._解析：ImmediateImmediately此處為副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故將Immediate改為Immediately。2(2017·全國(guó)卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car._解析：latelater“一段時(shí)間late”表示“遲到多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”；“一段時(shí)間later”表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后”。此處表示“幾分鐘后，教練讓我把車停下來”。3(2017·全國(guó)卷)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet._解析：BesideBesides句意：此外，他們還經(jīng)常從網(wǎng)上獲取一些有用的信息。beside“在旁邊”，是介詞；besides“此外”，是副詞。4(2014·全國(guó)卷)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden._解析：beforeago表示在說話時(shí)之前用ago；相對(duì)于過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前才用before。故before應(yīng)改為ago。5(2014·全國(guó)卷)Since then for all these years we have been allowing tomatoes to self­seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere._解析：somewhereeverywheresomewhere意為“某處”，而此處語(yǔ)境表示“植物到處生長(zhǎng)”，故應(yīng)用everywhere“到處”。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則(一)易混詞辨析beside在旁邊(或附近)besides 此外，而且late遲的，晚的later后來，以后ago以前(以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn))before以前(以過去為起點(diǎn))somewhere某處everywhere到處(二)形近副詞辨析 (三)連接副詞用法一覽though一般用于句末，意為“然而，可是”表示轉(zhuǎn)折。,meanwhile意為“在此期間”表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。,therefore/thus/consequently意為“因此，所以”，表示結(jié)果。moreover/furthermore/additionally意為“此外”，表承接關(guān)系。besides意為“另外，還有”，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。however意為“然而”，表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折，常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。instead意為“相反”，表示相反的情況。anyway/anyhow意為“盡管，即使這樣”，表示讓步。語(yǔ)法填空解題“3策略”1利用提示詞(1)看到提示詞在名詞前作定語(yǔ)、在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，或在賓語(yǔ)后作賓補(bǔ)，要想到用形容詞；(2)看到提示詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要想到用副詞。2利用標(biāo)志詞(1)若是兩者之間相比，且空格后有than, 要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；(2)and, or, but等并列連詞連接的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，如果其中之一是比較級(jí)，要想到另一并列成分也應(yīng)用比較級(jí)；(3)注意使用比較等級(jí)的固定搭配或句型，如：the比較級(jí) ., the比較級(jí) .the最高級(jí)標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)或從句3利用修飾語(yǔ)(1)看到修飾語(yǔ)much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等以及百分?jǐn)?shù)，要想到比較級(jí)；(2)看到修飾語(yǔ)by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序數(shù)詞等，要想到最高級(jí)。據(jù)第1條解題1In some crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.2E­hongbao is actually (actual) a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.據(jù)第2條解題3The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.4Technology is getting better and cheaper (cheap)5During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest (big) of all operas in China.6Road safety has aroused wider (wide) attention of the public than before.據(jù)第3條解題7In fact, people are much closer (close) to dogs in a way than to cows, pigs or even horses.8Please don't misunderstand me.But don't you think we should take things a bit easier (easy), darling? 9Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better (good), partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style.10It might have made it a little harder (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class.短文改錯(cuò)解題“3關(guān)注”1關(guān)注比較范圍如果是兩者之間的比較，則用比較級(jí)；如果是三者或三者以上的比較，則用最高級(jí)。2關(guān)注搭配句式看含有比較等級(jí)的固定搭配和句式是否準(zhǔn)確。3關(guān)注常見副詞的用法據(jù)第1條解題1Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.richricher2And if you decide to take Dr.Klein's advice, you can make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others.happyhappier3I even have a large vocabulary than before.largelarger4But he stays outside the list of the world's 10 rich people.richrichest據(jù)第2條解題5The more I learn English, the easy it becomes.easyeasier6To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. badworse7Therefore, I was determined not to let him down any long.longlonger據(jù)第3條解題8First, it's an activity concerned with all parts of my body, which is quite a good way for me to keep fit.Beside, it's an activity I can enjoy whatever the weather is like except when it rains heavily.BesideBesides9Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life.Therefore, some people don't turn the tap off at once after using it.ThereforeHowever10I lived in my hometown ten years before.beforeago10