自主預習課前預 習區(qū)DAY 05 New Yorks Congestion-Pricing System Will Serve as Road Test for Other Cities 自主學習文本 自我思考問題 自行查閱資料 I. 寫出下列詞匯的漢語釋義 （1）第一組形容詞1個（adj.）：1. congested 擁擠的，擠滿的（2）第二組動詞6個（v.）：1. restore 恢復；修復，整修2. raise 提升，舉起；增加，提高3. weigh認真考慮，權衡，斟酌4. oppose 反對（計劃、政策等）5. approve 贊成，同意 6. target把作為攻擊目標，把作為批評的對象；把對準（3）第三組名詞9個（n.）：1. congestion（交通）擁塞，塞車 2. charge 收費，充電3. vehicle 交通工具，車輛4. expectation 預料，預期；期待 5. gridlock市區(qū)交通大堵塞 6. precedent 前例，先例7. conversation 交談，談話 8. legislator立法者9. decade 十年II. 詞匯拓展積累1. congested adj. 擁擠的，擠滿的 congestion n. （交通）擁塞，塞車 2. expectation n. 預料，預期；期待 expect v. 預料，預期，預計3. precedent n. 前例，先例 unprecedented adj. 前所未有的4. legislator n. 立法者 legislation n. 法規(guī)，法律 legislative adj. 立法的，制定法律的III. 重點短語英譯漢1. Congestion-Pricing System擁堵收費系統(tǒng) 2. be set to do sth 準備做某事3. put in place 落實到位 4. a booming economy 繁榮的經(jīng)濟5. seal the deal 達成協(xié)議 6. pay a fee 支付費用7. a business district 商業(yè)區(qū) 8. mass transit system 大運量客運系統(tǒng)9. have nothing but除了別無所有10. pedestrian safety 行人安全11. raise funds 籌措資金 IV. 翻譯下列句子 1. New York City is set to become the first big city in the country to put in place a charge on vehicles entering its most congested streets, and it took a booming economy, grinding traffic and a subway crisis to seal the deal.翻譯：紐約市將成為美國第一個對進入其最擁擠街道的車輛實施收費的大城市，而促成這一決定的因素有三個：繁榮的經(jīng)濟、令人糟心的交通和危機重重的地鐵系統(tǒng)。2. Drivers will pay a fee to enter a zone in Manhattans business district with the expectation it will reduce gridlock while raising billions of dollars needed to restore the citys struggling mass transit system.翻譯：駕駛者要想進入曼哈頓商業(yè)區(qū)需要支付一筆費用，旨在緩解交通堵塞的同時，籌資數(shù)十億美元用于修繕紐約令人糟心的公共運輸系統(tǒng)。3. New York Citys experience will be an important precedent for the conversations happening in other U.S. cities. San Francisco and Los Angeles are weighing options for a similar system.翻譯：紐約市的經(jīng)驗對于那些正在遭遇同樣問題的其他城市來說是一個先例。舊金山和洛杉磯正在權衡準備建立類似的制度。4. New York is more than a decade behind major cities such as London and Stockholm, which have used so-called congestion pricing to reduce traffic while raising funds for public transit, bike lanes, pedestrian safety and roads.翻譯：同倫敦和斯德哥爾摩等大城市相比，紐約已經(jīng)落后了十多年。這些城市早已收了所謂的擁堵費，旨在緩解交通擁堵狀況，同時籌集資金用于公共交通系統(tǒng)建設、自行車道建設、行人交通安全保障及道路修繕。你的感悟：05紐約收取交通擁擠費以解決所面臨的問題課程導讀“交通擁堵”總是出行者心頭的永恒之痛，倫敦就在用交通擁擠附加費（London congestion charge）來解決交通污染問題。它已經(jīng)實施16年了，是英國倫敦市政府針對汽車進入市內(nèi)的額外收費，以針對繁忙時間的交通堵塞問題，并為倫敦市的交通基建提供資金。倫敦也成為歐洲首次對汽車進入市中心課稅的城市。而最近，曾“榮獲”全球第二大“堵城”的紐約也決定收取“擁堵費”，也就是向進入城市中心區(qū)的車輛收取擁堵稅。該計劃一方面希望緩解紐約的交通擁堵問題，同時也是為擁有百年歷史的紐約地鐵籌集修繕資金。但很多人對其作用也提出質疑，還有人認為這個方案只會加劇有剛性需求的人們的經(jīng)濟負擔。雖然目前已有不少城市在“擁堵費”上取得成功，但其不確定性使得紐約這個新試點依然得接受時間的考驗。本文節(jié)選自 The Wall Street Journal 文本難度：話題難度：New Yorks Congestion-Pricing System Will Serve as Road Test for Other CitiesNew York City is set to become the first big city in the country to put in place a charge on vehicles entering its most congested streets, and it took a booming economy, grinding traffic and a subway crisis to seal the deal.Drivers will pay a fee to enter a zone in Manhattans business district with the expectation it will reduce gridlock while raising billions of dollars needed to restore the citys struggling mass transit system.New York Citys experience will be an important precedent for the conversations happening in other U.S. cities. San Francisco and Los Angeles are weighing options for a similar system.Some legislators opposed the fee. Sen.（參議院縮寫） Andrew Lanza questioned why legislators were asked to approve a charge without knowing how much people would pay. “This is a targeted tax on people who have nothing but the gall（怨恨） to travel within their own city,” he said.New York is more than a decade behind major cities such as London and Stockholm, which have used so-called congestion pricing to reduce traffic while raising funds for public transit, bike lanes, pedestrian safety and roads.6