第三講名詞性從句一、明備考方向語(yǔ)法填空?？键c(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)常考點(diǎn)寫作常用句式1.連接代詞what, who(m)，whoever, which, whose等的用法；2.連接副詞when, where, why和how等的用法；3.連接詞that, whether和if的用法。1.連接詞that與連接副詞的混用；2.連接詞that與連接代詞的混用；3.連接詞that的缺失；4.連接代詞what, which, who等之間的混用；5.連接代詞與連接副詞的混用。1.Itbe名詞/形容詞/動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞that從句2.It looks/seems as if .“好像；仿佛”3.This is because .“這是因?yàn)?強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)”4.The reason why .is that .“的原因是”5.That is why .“那就是的原因(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)”6.The question/problem is whether/when/where .“問(wèn)題是”7.His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that .“他的夢(mèng)想/建議/目標(biāo)/目的是”8.What從句bethat從句二、攻重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)(一)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞(如what)，連接副詞(如when)，連接詞(that, if, whether)的用法和區(qū)別解答名詞性從句中連接詞的選用題目時(shí)，可采用“句子翻譯法”，即看空缺處在句中是什么意思，充當(dāng)什么成分。若在從句中不作成分只起引導(dǎo)作用，用that；若表達(dá)“是否”意義，用if/whether；若充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，用連接代詞；若充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，則用連接副詞。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回到家。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到瑪麗可能生病了。(二)連接代詞who/whom, what, which與whoever/whomever, whatever, whichever的用法和區(qū)別在這兩類連接詞中，前面三個(gè)連接詞在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)依然帶有疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣和含義，分別表示“誰(shuí)”“什么”和“哪一個(gè)”。后面三個(gè)連接詞則表示“無(wú)論”的含義，并帶有具體的針對(duì)性，不帶疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣和含義。The problem is who we can get to replace her.問(wèn)題是我們找誰(shuí)去替代她。Whoever did it should be punished.無(wú)論是誰(shuí)干的都應(yīng)當(dāng)受到懲罰。(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在某些特定動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有“一個(gè)堅(jiān)持”(insist)；“兩個(gè)命令”(order, command)；“三個(gè)建議”(suggest, advise, recommend)；“四個(gè)要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一個(gè)敦促”(urge)。I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我堅(jiān)持她應(yīng)當(dāng)單獨(dú)做她的工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。(四)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面名詞(短語(yǔ))的內(nèi)容，常見的名詞(通常是抽象名詞)有idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, proposal, truth, news, possibility等；定語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾主句中的某個(gè)名詞或代詞。The news that our football team won the match was true.(同位語(yǔ)從句)我們足球隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。The news (that) we heard on the radio was true.(定語(yǔ)從句)我們?cè)谑找魴C(jī)里聽到的那則消息是真的。三、練高頻題點(diǎn).語(yǔ)法填空題點(diǎn)全練1(2018·全國(guó)卷)I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2(2018·北京高考改編)This is what my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best.3(2018·天津高考改編)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.4(2018·河南中原名校聯(lián)考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming.5(2018·福建安溪模擬)Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.6From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.7Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.8The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.9(2018·石家莊模擬)Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.10Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's where I don't agree.短文改錯(cuò)題點(diǎn)全練1(2016·全國(guó)卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.thatwhere2I wonder that whether he has decided to go abroad.去掉that3What he noticed was one of the windows facing south was open.第一個(gè)was后加that4Everyone could figure out what happened and Tom fixed everything.Tom前加that5(2018·唐山模擬)It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time.whatthat6(2018·河北石家莊質(zhì)檢)Finally I want to express my hope which all the younger fellows can make full use of time.whichthat7What we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.WhatHow8If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.去掉when課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn) .完成句子并改寫1大家的確都知道的是窮人都喜歡她，因?yàn)樗偸菐椭切┬枰X的人。All that they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped those who was in need of money.What_they_did_know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名詞性從句改寫)2她今天早晨來(lái)晚了，因?yàn)樗坏貌徽疹櫵〉呐畠?。She came here late this morning, because_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter.The_reason_why she came here late this morning was_that_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter. (用名詞性從句改寫)3我姐姐的夢(mèng)想是擁有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜歡的蛋糕。My sister's dream is to have_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite _cakes.My sister's dream is_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her _favourite _cakes.(用名詞性從句改寫)4看到這個(gè)女孩，我很吃驚。I was surprised to see the girl.What_surprised_me was to see the girl. (改為主語(yǔ)從句)I saw the girl, which_surprised_me. (改為定語(yǔ)從句)5眾所周知，2020年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在東京舉行。As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯)What_is_known_to_us_all_is_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用主語(yǔ)從句改寫)It_is_known_to_us_all_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫).語(yǔ)法填空(2018·廣州市綜合測(cè)試)My doorbell rings at 11 am.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand _1_ (be) a paper bag.She is the little boy's grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought _2_ house next door last October.Nicole has _3_ (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided _4_ (supply) me with meals.I know what is inside the paper bag a bottle of hot soup and a _5_ (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat.It's become a daily occurrence.Communication _6_ us is somewhat difficult because she doesn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, _7_ showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know _8_ the food was all right for me.So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of _9_ (we) being able to speak the other's language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology)The doorbell keeps _10_ (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文講述了兩位異國(guó)的老太太，雖然語(yǔ)言不通，但是在現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的幫助下互相交流，彼此關(guān)心，讓人再次想起“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”這句古語(yǔ)。1is考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be, stand, sit, lie等時(shí)，用完全倒裝形式。本句真正的主語(yǔ)a paper bag是第三人稱單數(shù)，全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。2the考查冠詞。根據(jù)后面的“next door”可知，此處應(yīng)特指隔壁的那所房子，故填定冠詞the。3obviously考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞told，要用副詞，故填obviously。4to supply考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。decide后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意為“決定做某事”，故填to supply。5container考查名詞。句意：我知道紙袋里面是什么一瓶熱湯和一個(gè)裝有米飯、蔬菜和肉的容器。冠詞后面應(yīng)填名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處指“盛飯菜的容器”，故填container。6between考查介詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者和老太太之間的交流，兩者之間應(yīng)用介詞between。7which考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示物的the screen，而且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞which。8if/whether考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作know的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該空表示“是否”之意，故填if/whether。9us考查代詞。介詞of后面要用代詞的賓格作賓語(yǔ)，故填us。10ringing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。keep后面用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意為“一直做某事”。故填ringing。.短文改錯(cuò)(2018·開封市質(zhì)檢)Tourism is booming in Tibet.More than 6.8 million Chinese and foreign tourists visit the region in the first half of this year.Tourism income during that period rose on to 7 billion yuan.More tourists are expected to traveling around Tibet in the second half of this year.The region is hosting the China Tibet Tourism or Culture Expo, featuring series of festivals.Currently, foreigners need a special travel permission to tour the region in addition for a Chinese visa.They have to wait for the permit patient.It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised us to shorten the time of obtaining it.答案：第二句：visitvisited第三句：去掉on第四句：travelingtravel第五句：orand; series前加a第六句：permissionpermit; forto第七句：patientpatiently第八句：whatthat; usthem7