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1、 Unit4 Grammar Inversion 倒裝 一：翻譯下列句子并注意句中斜體字。 1. Near the church was a ruined cottage. 2. Little did he know that the police were about to arrest him. 3. Under no circumstances can we give up the plan. 4. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 二：人們在交際過程中常常需要突出某些重要信息使交際另一方接

2、受和理解，稱為強調(diào)。為了達到強調(diào)效果，人們常常借用語法手段，如變換句子的正常語序，將某個成分置于句首或句末，或者通過詞匯手段突出句子的某個成分。英語句子的自然順序是主語在前, 謂語在后。把謂語動詞放在主語之前, 就叫倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 將某些句子成分移至句首而引起的主語和謂語詞序的顛倒，稱為：倒裝 (Inversion)除了修辭需要，也有語法上的需要引起的倒裝。 三：兩類倒裝：（一）全部倒裝如果全部謂語放在主語之前, 叫全部倒裝;結(jié)構(gòu)：提前成分+謂語動詞+主語 1. 用于 there be 句型。 (1). There are many students in the classroom. (

3、2). There will be an important meeting in the afternoon. (3). There stands a stone bridge across the river. 2. 將狀語here there, now, then前移，謂語動詞一般為be, come, go的一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時. 例如： (1). Here comes the bus. (2). There goes the bell. (3). Now comes the chance. (4). Then came his tur

4、n. 代詞作主語時, 主謂語序不變。 Here it is. 3. 表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞out, in, up, down, high, low, away，ahead 等移至句首,謂語動詞一般為 come, go, fly, rush, fall 等的一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時. (1). Out went the children. (2). Up went the rocket. (3). The driver couldn’t control his car and down came the car. 注意：代詞作主語時, 主謂語序不變。 (

5、1). In he comes. (2). Away he went. (3). Higher and higher it flew. 4. 當句首狀語是表示地點的介詞詞組時,也常引起全部倒裝。常見謂語動詞有be, lie, stand, hang, come等的一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時. (1)To the south of the city lies a big steel factory. (2) From the valley came a frightening sound. (3)Under the tree stands a little

6、 boy. 5. 表語置于句首時,也常引起全部倒裝。 (1)形容詞＋連系動詞＋主語　 Present at the meeting were Mr White, Mr Smith and many other guests. (2) 過去分詞＋連系動詞＋主語 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. (3) 介詞＋連系動詞＋主語 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. （二）部分倒裝:如果只把助動詞或be動詞放在主語

7、之前就叫部分倒裝。 結(jié)構(gòu)：（提前成分）+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語+（主要動詞） 1. 用于疑問句。　 Do you speak English? Where have you been? 2. 句首為含有否定意義的副詞如： never, not, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little,(幾乎不) at no time, in no time等。 (1)Never shall I do this again. (3) Not a single mistake did he make in the test. (4)Not

8、 until then did I realize that I was wrong. 3. only+狀語（副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)置于句首 (1) Only in this way can you learn English well. (2) Only then did he learn about the truth. (3)Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. ) (4) Only if you eat correct foods will you be able to ke

9、ep healthy . 注意：從句不倒裝 (書上例句)：Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 注意：only修飾主語不引起倒裝。 Only John has got the invitation. 4. so作替代詞置于句首， 表示與上文提到的肯定的情況一樣。 句型是：so+ be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 (1)He has been to Beijing. So have I.

10、 (2)He went to the park last Sunday. So did she. 注意：有時so表示對上文情況的肯定，“確實如此”，須用正常語序。 (3)---He can speak good Chinese. ---So he can. 他確實能。 nor或 neither置于句首， 表示與上文提到的否定的情況一樣。 句型是： nor/ neither + be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 (4)---I have no money on me. --- Nor/Neither have I. (5) I can’t dr

11、ive. Neither can he. 5. 用于No sooner ... than ..., 或 Hardly ... when ... 的句型中。 (一...就...) 前面主句用過去完成時，部分倒裝，后面的從句用正常語序。 No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Hardly had she fallen asleep when she heard a knock at the door. 6.not only…but also…結(jié)構(gòu)中，not only 位于句首時， not only 部分引起倒裝

12、。 注意： but also部分不引起倒裝。例如： Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 但是： not only…but also…連接的并列主語不引起倒裝。 Not only the children but also the grown-ups took an interest in the cartoon. 7. 在 so... / such ...that 的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 若so / such置于句首, 則主句用部分倒裝，如果謂語動詞是be, 則為全部倒裝。后面的結(jié)果狀語從句不倒裝。 So d

13、ifficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out. Such a noble person is he that people all respect him. 8.as 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) as表示讓步意義時，不能放在句首，用于句型：名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞+as/though +主語+謂語。 (1)Child as he is, he can understand the English film. =Though he is a child,...... 雖然他是個孩子 (2) Much as we tried, we fail

14、ed to get the expected result. 雖然我們盡力了 9. 用于某些祝愿語中。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。 May you have the best season ever. 語法自測：用動詞的正確形式填空 1.Long long ago, there _________(live) an old king. 2.On either side of the road ________(be) rows of houses. 3.On the back of the wall __________(hang)a

15、n oil painting. 4.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which _______(sit) a small boy. 5.Gone ________(be) the days when were very poor. 6. Seldom ________he ________(have) breakfast. 7.Little _______she ______( care) about dress. 8.Hardly any sound _______we ________( could hear). 9. At

16、no time _______ you ______(can say) “no” to your parents. 10.Only in this way _______________________________.(我們才能提高英語) 11.Only at the end of the term _________________________________________. (他們才意識到浪費了多少時間) 12.He is interested in pop songs, and so_______(be) I. 13.Not only _____(be) he interested in photography, but also he is taking an amateur course . 14.So loudly______he ________(shout) that all the people in the room were frightened. 15._________as ______ ______, (雖然個子矮小)she played the best in her team. 4