課時提能練(十六).閱讀理解A(2019·桂林模擬)You may be familiar with the following famous people，but have you heard of their graduation speeches，in which they either share their unforgettable experiences or give you some great inspiration?Michael Dell，University of Texas at AustinAnd now you've accomplished something great and important here，and it's time for you to move on to what's next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps.You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed with and go.J.K.Rowling，Harvard UniversityHalf my lifetime ago，I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectations from my parents who were not rich.But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure.The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure.You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.Steve Jobs，Stanford UniversitySometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.Don't lose faith.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life，and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work，and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven't found it yet，keep looking，and don't settle.Bill Gates，Harvard UniversityWe need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments，but for universities，smaller organizations，and even individuals to see problems，see approaches and deal with the world's inequities(不公平) like hunger，poverty and so on.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四位世界著名人物的畢業(yè)演講，包括邁克爾·戴爾、J.K.羅琳、史蒂夫·喬布斯和比爾·蓋茨。1What Michael Dell said is to urge us to Alisten to our heart Blearn from our mistakesCfollow others' example Dpursue our dreamsD推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Michael Dell”定位至第二段，由第二段第一句“And now you've accomplished something great and important here，and it's time for you to move on to what's next”可知，邁克爾·戴爾認(rèn)為畢業(yè)之時是繼續(xù)前進的時候；根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed with and go”可知，他還鼓勵人們勇于探索冒險，鼓足信心，用自己的技能和知識繼續(xù)前進；據(jù)此可以判斷，邁克爾·戴爾鼓勵人們追求自己的夢想，故D項正確。2What did JK.Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?AFailure. BHunger.CPoverty. DParents' expectations.A細節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“J.K. Rowling”定位至第三段，根據(jù)第三段第二句“But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty，but failure”可知，J.K.羅琳在大學(xué)時最害怕的不是貧窮，而是失??；故A項正確。3What does Bill Gates suggest people do?AMaster as much advanced technology as possible.BWork together to solve some global problems.CMake contributions to the environment.DTake responsibility for their own behavior.B細節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bill Gates”定位至第五段，根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，比爾·蓋茨鼓勵人們協(xié)同工作，一起解決全球的饑餓、貧窮等不公平問題，故B項正確。B(2019·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)Bats are the only mammals(哺乳動物) that can fly a long distance，but they have another ability.Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size.European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long.They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.Last week，the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色體)The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging.The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years.Of these animals，the greater mouse­eared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age.Another Myotis hold the record for oldest age，reaching 41 years.The scientists' findings suggest that these bats' cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres.This，they said，helps guard against the aging process.Based on its body size，a bat like the greater mouse­eared bat would be expected to live four years.But，these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered.18 of these are bats.The only exception is an unusual African rat.【語篇解讀】該文是一篇研究性實驗報告。歐洲研究人員通過研究蝙蝠來了解它們長壽的原因。4What decides bats' aging process according to the text?AThe length of telomeres.BThe body size of the bat.CThe types of chromosomes.DThe building of cells.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes.They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides.The scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down.They say this is what causes aging”可知，科學(xué)家們對連接到染色體末端的結(jié)構(gòu)最感興趣。它們被稱為端粒，每次細胞分裂時它會縮短?？茖W(xué)家們相信這個縮短的過程會導(dǎo)致細胞分裂。他們說這是導(dǎo)致變老的原因，由此可知，端粒的長度決定了蝙蝠變老的過程。故選A。5How long does a greater mouse­eared bat generally live?A19 years. B37 years.C41 years.D60 years.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Of these animals，the greater mouse­eared bat generally lived an average of 37 years”可知，在這些動物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均壽命為37歲。故選B。6We can learn from the text that Athe scientists have studied bats for more than six decadesB19 kinds of bats could live longer than humansCthe bats studied in the research are of the same speciesDresearchers focus on finding out why humans live longA推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species.The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years”可知，歐洲的研究人員研究了四種蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。該組研究人員使用了超過60年間收集的信息。故可推斷出選項A的表述“the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades(科學(xué)家們對蝙蝠進行了60多年的研究)”是正確的。7In which column of a magazine can you read the text?ALifestyle. BBusiness.CScience.DFashion.C推理判斷題。本文是對蝙蝠長壽原因的探究并且研究人員都是科學(xué)家，所以應(yīng)該是在雜志中科研方面的專欄，所以選項C是正確的。.完形填空(2019·成都診斷)I asked my grandpa what it feels like to grow old.He took a sip of tea and 1 ，“Have you ever been in a hot 2 when the water ran 3 ？”I told him I had.“That's what 4 feels like，”he said.“In the beginning of life，it's like you're taking a hot shower. 5 ，the water is too warm，but you get used to the 6 and begin enjoying it.When you're young，you think it's going to be this way forever.But life goes on like this 7 ”“You begin to 8 it somewhere between your 40s and 50s.The water temperature drops just the slightest bit.It's almost unnoticeable，but you know it 9 .You turn the faucet(水龍頭) up to stay warm.One day you realize the faucet can't go any 10 ，and the temperature begins to dropthe warmth is leaving your 11 ”“It feels rather 12 ”Grandpa added.“The water is still 13 ，but it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do.I enjoyed my life because I satisfied myself 14 the showers of my youth.”Later on that day，entering Grandpa's living room，I noticed him 15 in his chair with a blanket 16 his legs；his eyelids closed.His chest was rising and falling 17 I decided not to disturb his sleep，hoping he was dreaming of his 18 ，the enjoyment with family，the warmth of days gone by. 19 ，all of us should value those we love 20 the water runs cold.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。爺爺形象生動地以洗熱水澡為例，向我描述了人在逐漸變老過程中的感受，并表示他對自己青年時期感到很滿意。文章建議我們在變老之前要珍惜我們所愛的一切。1A.asked Bcontinued Claughed DwhisperedAA項意為“問”；B項意為“繼續(xù)”；C項意為“大笑”；D項意為“低語”。根據(jù)后面的爺爺?shù)膯栐捒芍?，本處是爺爺問我。故選A。2A.river Bspring Cshower DpoolCA項意為“河流”；B項意為“泉”；C項意為“淋浴”；D項意為“游泳池”?！癮 hot spring”指的是溫泉，不符合語境。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本處爺爺問我是否體驗過洗熱水澡時水變涼(cold)的感受。下文出現(xiàn)的“a hot shower”是提示，故選C。3A.out Bcold Cwarm DdownB參見上題解析。下文出現(xiàn)的“water temperature drops”“cold”是提示，故選B。4A.desperation BageingCchildhood DhappinessB本處與開篇第一句話呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)講述的是變老(ageing)的感覺。故選B。5A.Obviously BGradually CAt first DFor certainCA項意為“明顯地”；B項意為“逐漸地”；C項意為“起初”；D項意為“確定”。根據(jù)語境可知，起初水太熱了。故選C。6A.speed Bheat Cquantity DqualityBA項意為“速度”；B項意為“熱，熱度”；C項意為“數(shù)量”；D項意為“質(zhì)量”。起初水太熱了，但是你習(xí)慣了這種熱度并開始喜歡這種熱度。故選B。7A.temporarily Bpermanently Cnaturally DfortunatelyAA項意為“暫時地”；B項意為“持久地”；C項意為“自然地”；D項意為“幸運地”。但是生活只會暫時那樣。故選A。8A.touch Baccept Cfeel DignoreCA項意為“觸摸”；B項意為“接受”；C項意為“感覺”；D項意為“忽視”。大約四五十歲的時候開始感覺有變化。故選C。9A.happened Bdisappeared Cstopped DhurtAA項意為“發(fā)生”；B項意為“消失”；C項意為“停止”；D項意為“傷害”。它幾乎不被注意，但你知道它發(fā)生了。故選A。10A.looser Blower Chigher DfartherDA項意為“更松”；B項意為“更低”；C項意為“更高”；D項意為“更遠，更進一步”。根據(jù)語境可知，有一天你會發(fā)現(xiàn)水龍頭開不了更大了。故選D。11A.body Broom Clife DlegsA根據(jù)空前的“溫度開始下降”可知，本處應(yīng)為“溫暖正在離開你的身體(body)”。故選A。12A.strange BhelplessCfunny DencouragingBA項意為“奇怪的”；B項意為“無助的”；C項意為“滑稽的”；D項意為“鼓舞人心的”。根據(jù)爺爺下一句的講述“水溫依然令人愉快，但是水很快就會變涼，而且你無能為力”可知，變老的過程是讓人無助的。故選B。13A.burning Bfreezing Cpleasant DcleanCA項意為“炙熱的”；B項意為“冰凍的”；C項意為“令人愉快的”；D項意為“干凈的”。根據(jù)語境可知，水溫依然令人愉快，但是水很快就會變涼，而且你無能為力。故選C。14A.waiting for Bmaking up Clooking for Dcalling upDA項意為“等待”；B項意為“組成”；C項意為“尋找”；D項意為“回憶”。根據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)該是“回憶我的青年時期，我對自己還是很滿意的”。故選D。15A.lying Bthinking Cdrinking DmovingAA項意為“躺著”；B項意為“想，認(rèn)為”；C項意為“喝”；D項意為“移動”。本處應(yīng)該是爺爺躺在椅子上。故選A。16A.across Bbehind Cabove DbetweenA本處指毯子蓋住他的腿部，應(yīng)用“across”。故選A。17A.suddenly Btoughly Cfrequently DslightlyDA項意為“突然”；B項意為“艱難地”；C項意為“頻繁地”；D項意為“輕微地”。爺爺睡著了，胸脯輕微地起伏。故選D。18A.future BachievementsCyouth DsorrowsCA項意為“未來”；B項意為“成就”；C項意為“青年時期”；D項意為“悲傷事”。根據(jù)語境可知，我決定不去打擾他的睡眠，希望他會夢到他的青年時期、他與家人在一起的快樂、逝去的日子的溫暖。故選C。19A.Moreover BUndoubtedlyCHowever DGenerallyBA項意為“此外”；B項意為“毋庸置疑地”；C項意為“然而”；D項意為“一般說來”。毋庸置疑的是，我們在變老之前要珍惜我們所愛的一切。故選B。20A.during Bas Csince DbeforeD我們在變老之前要珍惜我們所愛的一切。before“在之前”。故選D。- 7 -