第2節(jié)說明文題組訓練一1話題：新型公路難度：建議用時：7分鐘Ofalltheplasticproducedsincethe1950s，lessthan10%hasbeenrecycled.Thevastmajorityendsupbeingthrown，mostofitinlandfill.Someislefttolitterthenaturalenvironment，whereitcangetintoriversandthesea.Recycledplasticisalreadyusedtomakesomeproducts，suchasgutteringandsewagepipes.Nowattentionisturningtoroads.OnSeptember11thinZwolle，acityintheNetherlands，a30-metrebicycletrackwith70%madefromrecycledplasticandtherestfrompolypropylenewasopened.ItwillbeusedtotestaproductcalledPlasticRoad，whichisbeingdevelopedbytwoDutchfirmsKWSInfra，aroadbuilder，andWavin，afirmthatmakesplasticpipinginpartnershipwithTotal，aFrenchoilandgasfirm.PlasticRoadisprefabricated(預制的) inafactoryasmodularsections.Thesectionsarethentransportedtothesiteandlaidendtoendonasuitablefoundation，suchassand.Becausethesesectionsareemptyinside，internalchannelscanbeinstalledintothemfordrainage(排水)，alongwithpipesforservicessuchasgasandelectricity.FortheZwolleproject，sectionsthatare2.4metreslongand3metreswidewereused.Thesewerefittedwithsensorstomeasurethingssuchastemperature，flexibilityandtheflowofwaterthroughthedrainagechannels.Ifallgoeswell，theinventorshopetodeveloptheideaandmakethesectionsentirelyfromrecycledplastic.Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow.Eventually，sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned.Thesecouldcontainsensorsfortrafficmonitoring.Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendtoassistingautonomousvehiclesandrechargingelectriccarswirelessly.Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroadsandcostless，thecompaniesclaim，mainlybecauseconstructiontimewouldbereducedbyalmosttwo-thirds.Anti-slipsurfacescouldbeused，too，includingcrushedstoneswhicharetraditionallyusedtodressroadsurfaces.Thesections，whenreplaced，canalsoberecycled.Butengineerswillbewatchingtoseehowthetrackstandsuptowearandtearandifthehollowstructurecausesresonance(共振)，whichwouldmakesucharoadextremelynoisy.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了出現(xiàn)在荷蘭的新型公路PlasticRoad。1.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThebenefitsofPlasticRoad.B.TheprocessofmakingPlasticRoad.C.TheinspirationbehindPlasticRoad.D.ThefuturedevelopmentofPlasticRoad.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“hopetodeveloptheidea.Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow”“sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned”“Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendto.wirelessly”可知，本段主要涉及塑料公路未來的發(fā)展。故選D。2.Howaretheplasticroadsdifferentfromthetraditionalones?A.Theycanstayingoodconditionforalongertime.B.Theirweight-bearingcapacityisrelativelyweaker.C.Theyareentirelymadefromrecycledplasticatpresent.D.Theirconstructionismorecomplexandtime-consuming.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroads”可知，這種塑料公路使用壽命比傳統(tǒng)公路長兩到三倍。也就是說，相較于傳統(tǒng)公路，塑料公路更耐用。故選A。3.Whatstheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowdifferentwaystorecycleplastic.B.Toexplainthesignificanceofrecyclingplastic.C.Toinformreadersofanewproducttobuildroads.D.Tostresstheurgencyofprotectingtheenvironment.答案C解析寫作意圖題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型公路塑料公路。故C項最能概括作者寫作本文的主要目的。2話題：廣告難度：建議用時：8分鐘Imagineafuturewhereourstreetsarefilledwithads200mtall，wherebillboardschangebeforeoureyestogiveuspersonalizedmessages，andwherecompaniestrackoureverymoveaswewalkthroughacity，pinging(發(fā)送) specialofferstoourphonesasweneartheirshops.Infact，alloftheseformsofadvertisingarealreadybeingtested.Letstakethefirstoftheseideas.Backin1982，sciencefictionmovieBladeRunnerpredictedafuturisticcityscapewheregiantadvertsstretchedthefullheightofskyscrapers.AndUKcompanyLightvertarenowdoingsomethingverysimilar，withonecrucialdifference.Insteadofmakingimmensephysicaladverts，theircommercialsaresentstraightintoconsumerseyes.Theydothisbyattachingastripofreflectivematerialontoabuildingandprojectinganimageontoit.Thisimagethen“bounces”outintotheworld.Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscantseeit.Lightvertclaimsthisformofadvertisingdoesnotstandoutandcan“unlock”largeamountsof“high-valueadvertisingrealestate”.Butnoteveryoneissoldontheideaoflivinginaworldofendlessads.InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.DriversapproachingaparticulardigitalbillboardinthecityareshownadvertsforanewkindofJaguarcar，butonlyiftheyaredrivingadifferentmakeofvehicle.Sensorsinthebillboarddetectwhatkindofcaryouaredriving，andsendyouanadbasedonthatinformation.Whilethismayseeminvasive(侵入的)，itsactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers.ResearchersinSwedenhaveshownthatdigitalbillboardsattractoureyesforlongerthanotherkinds.Infact，theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads.Finally，wehave“proximitymarketing(鄰近營銷)”，whereshopsdetectwhereyouareonthehighstreetandsendtailoredadvertstoyourphone.DevicescapeisonecompanytriallingtheuseofWi-Fiasameansoftrackingcustomers.Theirtechnologycouldworkanywhere，whetherin“asupermarket，aconcerthall，orabus”，saysOwenGeddesfromtheirmarketingteam.Whatwouldcustomerssee？“Itcouldbeadiscountoffertouseintheshopthepersonisvisiting，orapieceofcontentsuchasamovietrailer，”saysMrGeddes.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。現(xiàn)代社會中，廣告信息隨處可見，這一產(chǎn)業(yè)的未來會是怎樣的呢？我們是否會迎來這樣的一天：人們走在城市的街道上，一抬頭就能看到高達200米的廣告？4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLightvert?A.Theyaremakinghugephysicalcommercials.B.Theyattachanimagetotheirhugecommercials.C.Theircommercialsaretargetedatalargeraudience.D.Theircommercialsareonlyvisiblefromonelocation.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscantseeit.”可知，你從圖像前徑直走過時，就能看到它。它看起來很大而且懸浮在半空中，不過別人看不到。由此可推知，Lightvert公司的商業(yè)廣告只能從某個特定的位置看到。故選D。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphimply?A.Somepeoplecantlivewithsomanyads.B.Someadsdontachievethedesiredresults.C.Somepeoplefeelconfusedaboutendlessads.D.Somepeoplearemoreusedtotraditionalads.答案A解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.”可知，莫斯科民眾對一款面向汽車司機的新廣告褒貶不一，也就是說，人們對這類廣告在意見上有分歧。由此可知，畫線句應是指有人無法忍受這樣一個被各種廣告充斥的世界。故選A。6.Whatistheproblemwithdigitalbillboardsaccordingtosomeobservers?A.Theyfailtoremindpeopleofdangerontheroads.B.Theymakepeoplelessconcentratedondriving.C.Theyhaveatendencytoviolatepeoplesprivacy.D.Theyareattractivebutkindofharmfultooureyes.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“itsactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers”“attractoureyes”“theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads”可知，一些觀察員真正擔心的是安全問題，因為數(shù)碼廣告牌會分散駕駛員的注意力，從而導致危險。故選B。7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureofAdvertisingB.HighTechnologyinAdvertisingC.AWorldFloodedwithAdvertisingD.DifferentOpinionsonAdvertising答案A解析標題歸納題。縱觀全文，尤其是第一段中的“Imagineafuturewhere.ads”可知，本文主要講述了未來廣告形式的相關內(nèi)容，故A項作本文標題最佳。3話題：環(huán)境保護難度：建議用時：7分鐘Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia.Thisnewinsightwasmadepossiblebyanearly20-year-longdatarecordfromaNASAinstrumentorbitingtheEarthontwosatellites.Takenalltogether，thegreeningoftheplanetoverthelasttwodecadesrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreesequaltotheareacoveredbyalltheAmazonrainforests.Therearenowmorethantwomillionsquaremilesofextragreenleafareaperyear，comparedtotheearly2000sa5%increase.“ChinaandIndiaaccountforone-thirdofthegreening，butcontainonly9%oftheplanetslandareacoveredinvegetation(植被)asurprisingfinding，consideringthecommonphenomenonoflanddegradation(惡化) inpopulouscountriesfromoveruse，”saidChiChen，leadauthorofthestudy.“Thislong-termdataletsusdigdeeper，”saidRamaNemani，aco-authorofthenewwork.“WhenthegreeningoftheEarthwasfirstobserved，wethoughtitwasduetoawarmer，wetterclimateandfertilizationfromtheaddedcarbondioxide(CO2) intheatmosphere，leadingtomoreleafgrowthinnorthernforests.Now，withthedatathatletsusunderstandthephenomenonatreallysmallscales，weseethathumansarealsocontributing.”Chinasoutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%) fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests.Theseweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion，airpollutionandclimatechange.Another32%there82%ofthegreeningseeninIndiacomesfromintensive(集約的) growingoffoodcrops.Howthegreeningtrendmaychangeinthefuturedependsonnumerousfactors，bothonaglobalscaleandthelocalhumanlevel.Forexample，increasedfoodproductioninIndiaispromotedbygroundwaterirrigation.Ifthegroundwaterisrunningout，thistrendmaychange.TheresearcherspointoutthatthegainingreennessseenaroundtheworldandledbyIndiaandChinadoesnotoffsetthedamagefromlossofnaturalvegetationintropicalregions，suchasBrazilandIndonesia.Theconsequencesforsustainabilityandbiodiversityinthoseecosystemsremain.Nemaniisprettyexcitedaboutthefindings，andnotjustbecausethegreener，thebetter.“Oncepeoplerealizetheresaproblem，theytendtofixit，”hesaid.“Inthe70sand80sinIndiaandChina，thesituationaroundvegetationlosswasntgood；inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。NASA的衛(wèi)星資料顯示，中國和印度的行動主導了地球變綠。8.TheEarthisgettinggreenermainlybecauseof.A.theexpandingofleafareaintropicalcountriesB.thedeterminedeffortstopreserveAmazonrainforestsC.thetree-plantingprogramsandintensiveagricultureD.afavorableclimateandincreasedCO2intheatmosphere答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia”和第五段中的“Chinasoutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%) fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests.Indiacomesfromintensive(集約的) growingoffoodcrops.”可知，中國和印度正引領著地球綠化的增加，而這主要源于中國的植樹計劃和兩國的集約化農(nóng)業(yè)。故選C。9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheresearchersagreewith?A.ThegreeningtrendinIndiawillcontinuetogoupwards.B.More“greening”meansbettercontrolofclimatechange.C.LandoverusethreatensthesuccessinthegreeningontheEarth.D.Thesustainabilityinglobalecosystemswillbegreatlyimproved.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，中國和印度的綠化面積占全球綠化面積的三分之一，但僅有全球9%的植被覆蓋面積，考慮到人口稠密的國家普遍存在過度開發(fā)導致土地退化的現(xiàn)象，這是一個令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可推知，人們對土地的過度使用威脅著地球綠化的成功。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymean?A.Prevent.B.Survive.C.Interrupt.D.Balance.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性和生物多樣性所受的負面影響仍然存在。再結合第三段的內(nèi)容可知，畫線詞所在句的含義應是：研究人員指出，印度和中國主導的全球綠化的增加并不能抵消巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區(qū)自然植被減少所帶來的損失。offset是“抵消，彌補”之意，與balance“相抵，抵消”的含義相近。故選D。11.HowdoesNemanifeelaboutthefindings?A.Theyareapositiveindicatorofoverallhumannature.B.Theiraccuracyandreliabilityneedtobefurtherproved.C.Theyundervaluehumanscontributiontotheenvironment.D.Theirsignificanceforfutureresearchcannotbeoveremphasized.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Oncepeoplerealizetheresaproblem，theytendtofixit.”“.inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”可知，當人們意識到問題時，他們會想辦法來解決。人類具有出乎意料的適應能力。由此可知，研究結果表明了人性積極的一面。故選A。題組訓練二1話題：文字的重要性難度：建議用時：7分鐘2019·江西省名校(臨川一中、南昌二中)聯(lián)考Astheinternationaldemandfornarrative(敘事的) film/TV content continues to increase with popular streaming services like Netflix and others，the two questions then come：will the coming generations receive most of their entertainment through visual means rather than through the written word and will such an increase of narrative film/TVreducetheimportanceofreading?Growingexamplesofthistrendincludethediminishment(減少) offictioninthecommoncore(核心的) curriculum，theever-risingcultureofcomputergames，thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternationalreach，andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchildrenandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword.Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使相形見絀) thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion，ofcourse，is“doesitreallymatterifthewrittenwordbowstotheworldofnarrativefilm/TV？”Frommypointofview，anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeaturethantheimagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrainsmostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandlikeallmusclesitmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.Anythingthatdiminishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmediaandtechnologicaladvances.Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact，anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevelopmentforfilm，TV，andlivestageproductions.Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補充) byitsvisualcounterparts(對應物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse，therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimageoverthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebetweenitandthemovingimage.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了敘事電影行業(yè)的發(fā)展讓文字變得相形見絀。作者認為文字是激發(fā)和增強我們想象力的重要工具，同時表達了對閱讀的命運的擔心。1.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.Economicbenefits.B.Internationalreach.C.Culturalinfluence.D.Educationalimportance.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使相形見絀) thepublishingindustry.”可知，敘事電影行業(yè)是一個令出版行業(yè)相形見絀的賺錢行業(yè)，由此可知，敘事電影行業(yè)在經(jīng)濟利益方面使文字變得尷尬。故選A。2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenourimagination.C.Itdistinguishesmanfromeachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.”可知，寫作和閱讀是激發(fā)、創(chuàng)造和增強我們想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重視文字的作用是因為它能提高我們的想象力。故選B。3.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstechnology?A.Cautious.B.Skeptical.C.Positive.D.Critical.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者覺得有必要適應先進的技術，由此可推知，作者對技術持積極的態(tài)度。故選C項。4.Whatstheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.C.Theimpactofthewrittenword.D.Thefutureofthemovingimage.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補充) byitsvisualcounterparts(對應物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望書面文字會得到視覺文字的補充，而不是被推到滅絕的邊緣，由此可知，作者擔心的是閱讀的命運。故選A。2話題：養(yǎng)寵物難度：建議用時：7分鐘Owningalovable，cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeoneshomelifebetterandapparently，itcanaffectpetownersprofessionallivesaswell.Infact，accordingtoanewsurvey，peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful.ThesurveywasconductedbyKeltonGlobalResearchforBanfieldPetHospital.Theresearcherssurveyed857adultsintheUnitedStateswithavarietyofcareers.AmongtheC-suiteexecutives(高管) surveyed,93percentgrewwithapetintheirhome，with78percentclaimingthatgrowingupwithapethelpedcausetheircareersuccessasanadult.Interestingly,83percentofC-suiteexecutiveswhoparticipatedsaidtheygrewupwithadog,59percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithacat，and37percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithanotherkindofpet.So，howexactlydoespetownershipcausecareersuccess？Well，accordingtoBanfieldsresearch，executivesreportedthattheirpethelpedteachthemlessonslikeresponsibility，creativity，sympathy，discipline，andorganization，whichhaveallbeeninvaluableinthebusinessworld.“AtBanfieldPetHospital，wevelongrecognizedthespecialbondbetweenpeopleandtheirpets，aswellasthepositiveimpactpetshaveonoursociety，”BrianGarish，presidentofBanfieldPetHospitalsaid.“Fromthepetownershiplessonswelearnedaschildren，tothewaysourfour-leggedfriendscurrentlyhelpusevolve，connectwithothers，andstaygrounded，ourlatestresearchsupportsthebeliefwevehadallalongthattheremaybealinkbetweenpetsandtheirabilitytohelpshapeusaspeople.”Butwhataboutpeoplewhogrewuppet-less，buthaveadoptedpetsasadults?Accordingtotheresearch,86percentofcurrentpetparentssurveyedsaidowningpetshelpsthemsticktoaroutine，bettermanagetheirtime，andmoreefficientlymultitask.Butevenifyoudontthinkyourpethasdirectlyhelpedyou，yourcoworkersknowledgethatyouhaveapetmayactuallybebeneficialforyourcareer.Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey“feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners”and79percentofthosesurveyedbelievedthatfellowco-workerswhohavepetsare“hardworkers”.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。養(yǎng)一只可愛的寵物無疑會讓家庭生活更美好，而且這似乎還能影響到寵物主人的職業(yè)生涯。一項最新調查顯示，養(yǎng)寵物的人在職業(yè)上會更加成功。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Theparticipantswererandomlyselected.B.ThemajorityofAmericansliketoraisepets.C.Keepingdogsismorerewardingthankeepingcats.D.Manyparticipantsgrewupwithmultiplekindsofpets.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，受調查的高管中，83%的人說和寵物狗一起長大，59%的人說和寵物貓一起長大，37%的人說和其他種類的寵物一起長大。這些比例的總和超過100%，由此可推知，很多受調查者家里不止一種寵物。故選D。6.Accordingtotheresearch，acolleaguewhoownsapetisbelievedto.A.havemorepatienceB.bemoreaccessibleC.possessahigherIQD.takeworkmoreseriously答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidtheyfeelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners”可知，80%的受調查者說，他們和養(yǎng)寵物的同事感覺更親近，故飼養(yǎng)寵物的人更容易接近。故選B。7.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Owningpetsensuresyouasuccessfullife.B.Raisingpetsteachesyoumanygoodvalues.C.Havingpetshelpsindividualssucceedincareers.D.Raisingpetsispopularamongsuccessfulpeople.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful”可知，本文的主題是“養(yǎng)寵物的人在職業(yè)上可能會更加成功”，故C項最能概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。3話題：蔬菜種植新方式難度：建議用時：7分鐘MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12$13tobuild.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文?！稗r(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。為了找到出路，這個國家的農(nóng)民正在學習在所謂的“垂直花園”里種植蔬菜。8.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。故選D。9.Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少鹽的好土讓垂直花園的蔬菜種植成功。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks.B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers.D.Containers.答案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段可知，垂直花園很容易建造。村民們用好土和天然肥料裝滿容器。他們把容器放在磚上，這樣它們就離地了。他們在土壤中加入磚塊來幫助水流和排水。由此推知畫線詞they指代的是“容器”。故選D。11.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.Thisverticaltowermeasuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，農(nóng)民們也在由竹子支撐的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里種植蔬菜。這個“verticaltower”有一米多寬。故選A。題組訓練三1話題：科技發(fā)明難度：建議用時：8分鐘EvenwhentheruggedexpansesoftheGreatSmokyMountainswereburstingwiththeirfamousfallcolors，theyalwayslookeddullblackandyellowishtoVanLewfromthe3,590-foot-highperchofMountHarrison.For20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife，somecolorshavejustbeenlefttotheimagination.Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.Lastweek，however，whenVanLewvisitedthescen