第五節(jié)代詞和介詞(短語(yǔ))考向分析熱考點(diǎn)高考語(yǔ)法填空側(cè)重考查it及人稱(chēng)代詞，含有介詞的固定短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。短文改錯(cuò)集中在人稱(chēng)代詞的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和性別的一致性，固定短語(yǔ)的介詞。新考向2019全國(guó)及全國(guó)考查了代詞的用法及固定短語(yǔ)中介詞的用法。題型一關(guān)于代詞和介詞(短語(yǔ))的語(yǔ)法填空1Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I) thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代詞。句意為：焦慮不安地面臨挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)：“做你自己?！贝颂巜hisperto這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，賓語(yǔ)要用反身代詞。故填myself。2Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter­schoolactivitiesarehappierthan(that) whoarenot.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代詞。句意為：一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生更開(kāi)心?？崭裉幋~對(duì)應(yīng)thestudents，是復(fù)數(shù)，故填those。3Runningischeap，easyanditsalwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全國(guó))答案running/it解析考查名詞或代詞。此處號(hào)召我們嘗試一下這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此可以填名詞running，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry嘗試一下某事。4Whenthegorillas(大猩猩) andIfrightenedeachother，Iwasjustgladtofind(they) alive.(2018·全國(guó))答案them解析考查代詞之人稱(chēng)代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要用代詞作find的賓語(yǔ)，故要用人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格。they的賓格為them。5ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)答案it解析考查it的用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。故填it。6However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.(2017·全國(guó))答案it解析考查代詞。use是及物動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語(yǔ)，此處明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，這里用it指代前句的therailway，故填it。7Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.(2017·浙江)答案myself解析考查反身代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，hurt這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，故應(yīng)用I的反身代詞形式，意為“她認(rèn)為我傷了我自己”，故填myself。1人稱(chēng)代詞數(shù)人稱(chēng)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞單數(shù)一Imemyminemyself二youyouyouryoursyourself三hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)一weusouroursourselves二youyouyouryoursyourselves三theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2不定代詞含義指代都任何一個(gè)都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone3one，another，theother，some，others，theothers的區(qū)別一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余的一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)oneanothertheother復(fù)數(shù)someotherstheothers單數(shù)onebookanotherbooktheotherbook復(fù)數(shù)somebooksotherbookstheotherbooks4that，those的用法that指代上文提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(the單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞，與前面的名詞不是同一個(gè)，即同名不同物)。Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthat(thestory) youreadafewdaysago.those指代上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(the復(fù)數(shù)名詞，同名不同物的復(fù)數(shù))。ThecomputersmadeinChinaareasgoodasthose(thecomputers) madeintheUSA.1Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全國(guó)) 答案of/for解析考查介詞。此處trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定語(yǔ)，用of連接，methodsofdoingsth.意為“的方法”?；蛘咭鉃椤坝糜诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs，seventobeexact.(2019·全國(guó))答案of解析考查介詞。apackof意為“一群”，為固定搭配。故填of。3Firstcelebrated1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū))(2019·北京)答案in解析考查介詞。句意為：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)遍及190多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。4Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.(2019·浙江)答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。theanswerto.的答案，為固定搭配。故填to。5Favorablepoliciesareeffecttoencourageemployeesprofessionaldevelopment.(2019·江蘇)答案in解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意為：好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會(huì)激發(fā)員工的專(zhuān)業(yè)水平的提升。ineffect實(shí)際上，為固定搭配，故填in。6Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥) runoff.(2018·全國(guó))答案than解析由句中的比較級(jí)less可知，此處將玉米和水稻進(jìn)行比較，故填than。7IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.(2018·全國(guó))答案for解析考查介詞。searchfor尋找，為固定搭配。8Isuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmumshomedinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018·浙江)答案for解析考查介詞。gotoyourmumshomefordinner去你媽媽家吃飯。for表示目的，意為“為了要，為了得到”。9Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017·全國(guó))答案as解析考查介詞。此處指作為抵抗心臟病的一種方法，所以用介詞as。10Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.(2017·全國(guó))答案from解析考查介詞。traveltoandfromwork上下班。11Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.(2017·全國(guó))答案in解析考查介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位。1介賓關(guān)系2介詞的基本含義in在里面表示時(shí)間段，加年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)/朝/年代，幾十歲的時(shí)候，還泛指上午、下午或晚上例：in1990，inSeptember，inspring，inthe18thcentury，intheMingDynasty，in1980s，inonestwenties，inthemorning處于狀態(tài)例：ingoodcondition狀態(tài)良好ingoodshape身材好用某種語(yǔ)言/專(zhuān)業(yè) (speak)例：inEnglishinaway在某方面；在某種程度上instrength在力量上incourage在勇氣上on在上在具體的時(shí)間，或具體的上午、下午或晚上例：onOctober1，onSunday，onChristmasDay，onthemorningofMay1關(guān)于(about)身上帶著，有(with)例：haveenoughmoneywith/onmeon(upon)n./doing一就at在某處例：attheairport在時(shí)(刻)例：at600inthemorning在歲(具體)例：at20以?xún)r(jià)格、速度例：atahigh/low price以高/低價(jià)ataspeedof.以速度朝，向(某方向或目標(biāo))例：throwat，laughat因而；一聽(tīng)到/看到/想到就例：attheterriblesightto向，朝(某方向或某處) (指時(shí)間)在(某時(shí)間)之前例：aquartertosix差一刻到六點(diǎn)tenminutestotwo一點(diǎn)五十分屬于(某人/某物)例：thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestionfor(表示目的)為了例：forpleasure為了好玩(表示對(duì)象)給例：Thereisaletterforyou.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)例：Itiseasyforus.(表示理由或原因)因?yàn)椋捎诶篢hankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”例：foranhour(表示目標(biāo)、去向)往，向例：leavefor，headforthetrainforParis開(kāi)往巴黎的火車(chē)表示“支持，贊同”，反義詞為“against”例：Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?with和在一起例：withafriend有，帶有，具有例：withmoremoney隨著例：withage隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)withtimegoingbyastimegoesby隨著時(shí)間的流逝by靠近，在旁邊例：bythefire在爐火旁按計(jì)算，常用“bythe單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”例：bytheday按日由，靠，通過(guò)(表示交通方式)例：bybus乘公交車(chē)off下來(lái)；離開(kāi)例：keepoff遠(yuǎn)離，falloff掉下來(lái)遠(yuǎn)離，脫離例：offthemainroad遠(yuǎn)離大路，offtrack脫軌休息，休假例：offduty休息(onduty值班)，takeadayoff休班一天across橫過(guò)，從一邊到另一邊例：walkacrossthestreet過(guò)馬路在對(duì)面例：acrosstheroad在馬路對(duì)面against反對(duì)，違背例：goagainstthelawofnature違背自然規(guī)律靠著例：leanagainstthewall靠墻逆著例：againstthewind逆風(fēng)在映襯下例：Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在藍(lán)天的映襯下，山峰更顯美麗。beyond(表示時(shí)間)表晚于，超過(guò)例：beyondvisitinghour超出探視時(shí)間表示范圍、水平、能力等“超出之外；非能力所及”例：beyondoneswildestdreams某人做夢(mèng)也沒(méi)想到beyondrecognition認(rèn)不出來(lái)題型二關(guān)于代詞和介詞(短語(yǔ))的短文改錯(cuò)1Fromthenon，Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.(2019·全國(guó))答案刪除my解析考查固定搭配?！疤咦闱颉钡挠⒄Z(yǔ)表達(dá)為“playfootball”，中間不能加冠詞或者代詞。故刪除my。2Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhichiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國(guó))答案yourselvesthemselves解析考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語(yǔ)，故把yourselves改為themselves。3ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andanotheranimals.(2018·全國(guó))答案anotherother解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。another意為“另一個(gè)”，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；此處表示“其他的動(dòng)物”，應(yīng)用“other可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(animals)”。4Ihaddonemyselfhomework，butIwasshy.(2018·全國(guó))答案myselfmy/the解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。doones/thehomework為固定搭配，意為“做家庭作業(yè)”。反身代詞不能用來(lái)修飾名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞或冠詞。1根據(jù)上下文判斷人稱(chēng)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和指代是否一致。2反身代詞也要在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與所指代的名詞保持一致。3形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用；名詞性物主代詞，不能修飾名詞。4不定代詞，判斷是否和指代的名詞一致，含義是肯定還是否定。1WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全國(guó))答案chemistry之后加in/at解析考查介詞。“在高中”需要用介詞in或者at，故在chemistry之后加in/at。2Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”(2019·全國(guó))答案刪除like解析考查介詞的用法。suchas和like都是用來(lái)舉例子，重復(fù)使用。故刪除like。3Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，andheagreed.(2018·全國(guó))答案刪除for解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。everytwoyears是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可獨(dú)立使用，前面不需要介詞。4WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.(2017·全國(guó))答案刪除第二個(gè)of解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。realize認(rèn)識(shí)到，意識(shí)到，是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)。1及物動(dòng)詞后面不用介詞，如realize，enter，reach，approach，discuss，givesb.sth., tellsb.sth.，explainsth.tosb.；不及物動(dòng)詞后面必須用介詞，如arrivein/at，agreewithsb.，graduatefrom，lookat，learnfrom，listento。2由“this，that，every，last，next名詞”構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及yesterday，tomorrow，前面不用介詞。如lastmonth。增分訓(xùn)練.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Thefirmisalsoresponsiblemillionsofonlineshoppersdetailsaroundtheglobe.(2019·河南六市聯(lián)考)答案for解析考查介詞。beresponsiblefor對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)，為固定搭配。句意為：該公司還負(fù)責(zé)全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)在線(xiàn)購(gòu)物者的詳細(xì)信息。故填for。2ThestudentsspentfivedaysattheirschoollearningexperiencedworkersfromtheMasonryInstituteofIowa，aprofessionalorganization.(2019·山東青島二模)答案from解析考查介詞。句意為：學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校里待了五天向愛(ài)荷華州磚石協(xié)會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人學(xué)習(xí)，這是一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的組織。learnfrom表示“向?qū)W習(xí)”，故填from。3Ifpossible，theycangivetheirparentsagiftonaspecialdayorhelpwithhouseworkaregularbasis.(2019·湖北聯(lián)盟名校信息卷)答案on解析考查介詞。句意為：如果可能的話(huà)，他們可以在特殊的日子送給父母禮物，也可以定期幫他們做家務(wù)。onaregularbasis經(jīng)常地，定期地，為固定短語(yǔ)，故填on。4Wefoundthatsingingaspartofagroupcontributespeoplesrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblems.(2019·廣東汕頭二模)答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)參與合唱有助于精神疾病的恢復(fù)。contributeto有助于，為固定短語(yǔ)，故用介詞to。5Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting(we) inotherpeoplesshoes.(2019·重慶調(diào)研)答案ourselves解析考查反身代詞。句意為：閱讀小說(shuō)是我們?cè)O(shè)身處地為別人著想的最好方法之一。put的邏輯主語(yǔ)是we，故賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用反身代詞ourselves。6(they) goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreach.(2019·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)答案Their解析考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意為：他們的不產(chǎn)生垃圾的目標(biāo)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。goal為名詞，前面需要形容詞修飾，故填形容詞性物主代詞Their，注意句首首字母大寫(xiě)。7Since2013，thenumberofcouplesaged25to29hasbeengreaterthanofyoungercouples.(2019·陜西咸陽(yáng)二模)答案that解析考查代詞。句意為：自2013年以來(lái)，25至29歲的夫婦數(shù)量一直高于更年輕的夫婦。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的thenumber，指代前面的同類(lèi)但不同一事物的詞，故填that。8Theroad(it) hasalreadybeencompleted，andnowitsonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(輸電網(wǎng))(2019·河北衡水押題卷2)答案itself解析考查反身代詞。道路本身已經(jīng)完成。此處用itself作同位語(yǔ)，故答案為itself。.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad，determinedtomakehome.答案it解析考查代詞。句意為：每年新年，在中國(guó)工業(yè)中心地帶，成千上萬(wàn)的摩托車(chē)手冒著嚴(yán)寒上路，決心回家。根據(jù)句意可知，他們冒著嚴(yán)寒，也一定要回家，makeit及時(shí)抵達(dá)，走完路程。故填it。2Anotherfriendof(I) realizedthattwooff­dutylifeguards，LizandAlisonManley，werenearby.(2019·山西實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)答案mine解析考查代詞。anotherfriendofmine我的另一個(gè)朋友。of是介詞，這里表所屬關(guān)系，后跟名詞性物主代詞。故填mine。3Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCitysstrength，aswellasotherancientChinesestructures，liesindougong(斗栱)acenturies­oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.(2019·山東日照一模)答案to解析考查介詞。key與介詞to搭配，意為“紫禁城堅(jiān)固的關(guān)鍵”。故填to。4ButaTVshow，LettersAlive，ishelpingbringthisoldwaytokeepintouchbackthepresent.(2019·湖南婁底二模)答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：見(jiàn)字如面這檔電視節(jié)目正將這一保持聯(lián)系的老方式帶回到現(xiàn)代人的視野。bring.backto.意為“把帶回到”，為固定搭配，故用to。.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1LastJulyBellpaidavisitonEurope.(2019·寧夏銀川一中二模)答案onto解析考查介詞。句意為：去年七月貝爾去歐洲參觀。payavisitto某地“去某地參觀”，為固定搭配。故將on改為to。2Heexplainedtheclassthewholestoryandpraisedme.(2019·廣東揭陽(yáng)二模)答案在explained后加to解析考查介詞。explaintosb.sth.向某人解釋某事，故在explained后加to。3Thefilmstartedatthemomentwesatdowninthecinema.答案刪除at解析themoment此處是連詞，表示“一就”，后跟從句。此處指“我們一坐下電影就開(kāi)始了”。引導(dǎo)從句前面不加介詞，故刪除at。4VisitorswillnotonlyunderstandtraditionalChineseculturebetterbutdefinitelyfeelabouttheuniquebeautyofit.答案刪除about解析考查介詞。句意為：游客不僅能更好地了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，而且一定會(huì)感受到它獨(dú)特的美。feel“感覺(jué)”，此處是及物動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，故刪除feel后的about。5Inaword，peoplechoosedifferentlytoexchangeourbestwishesduringtheirholidays.(2019·江西吉安一模)答案ourtheir解析考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意為：總之，人們?cè)谒麄兊募倨谥羞x擇不同的方式來(lái)交換他們最好的祝愿。根據(jù)句意可知，指代第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)用their。6Itisthemwhogivewithoutaskinganythingforreturn.(2019·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校聯(lián)考)答案themthey解析考查人稱(chēng)代詞。句意為：正是他們，付出而不求回報(bào)。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)部分，故應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)的主格形式的人稱(chēng)代詞，故將them改為they。7Thoughwehaveneverusedthembefore，wemustpreparethemincaseanythinglikethathappensagain.答案anythingsomething解析考查不定代詞。句意為：雖然我們以前從未使用過(guò)，但我們必須做好準(zhǔn)備，以防類(lèi)似的事情再次發(fā)生。文中表示“一些事”，所以將anything改為something。8Oneday，myEnglishteacheraskedmetogotoherofficeandtoldusthatIwasgivenanopportunitytoparticipateinanEnglishspeakingcompetition.(2019·廣東六校聯(lián)考)答案usme解析考查代詞。句意為：一天，我的英語(yǔ)老師要求我去她的辦公室并告訴我，我有一個(gè)參加英語(yǔ)演講比賽的機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)句意可知，英語(yǔ)老師告訴我，而不是我們，所以使用代詞me充當(dāng)tell的賓語(yǔ)。故將us改為me。強(qiáng)化練(七).語(yǔ)法填空(2019·貴州貴陽(yáng)適應(yīng)性考試一)Franklinslifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow1._hesoldbooksinBoston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，onlytoquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.This poor Boston boy，without a days schooling，2.(become) a master of six languages and never stopped 3.(study)；this neglected apprentice(學(xué)徒) conquered lightning，made his name famous，4.(receive) degrees and diplomas from many colleges，and became forever remembered as the “Doctor Franklin”， a philosopher，scientist and 5.(politics) leader.Self­made，self­taught，thecandlemakerssongavelight6.alltheworld；thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebecamethemostsought­aftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.(able) ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.(especial) hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.theloftiest(崇高的) manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeoples10.(heart) forever.1答案how解析考查副詞。此處與下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼應(yīng)，此處表示事情進(jìn)行的方式，故用副詞how。2答案became解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的“andneverstopped”可知，是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3答案studying解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由句意可知，此處表示“他從未停止學(xué)習(xí)”，stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。4答案received解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處和conquered，made，became是并列關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5答案political解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞，故用形容詞political修飾名詞leader，在句子中作定語(yǔ)。6答案to解析考查介詞。givesth.tosb.意為“給某人某物”，故用介詞to。7答案ability解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)冠詞the和介詞of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此處用名詞ability表示抽象概念。8答案especially解析考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，甚至整個(gè)句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。此處副詞especially修飾整個(gè)句子。9答案as解析考查介詞。regard.as.意為“把看作”，為固定搭配，故用介詞as。10答案hearts解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。heart作“心；內(nèi)心”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空前的peoples可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)hearts。.短文改錯(cuò)11(2019·四川成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)一診)Wearerequiredtocollectoursmartphonesandkeepitintheteachersduringtheweekdays.Infact，themostofusobeythisregulation，butsomestillplayvarioustrickagainstit.Imamongthose.Once，Ihandinawastephone.MrLi，ourheadteacher，seemedignoreallthat.SoIfeltveryluckilytohaveanextraphonewithme.Andgoodtimesdontlastlong.“CanIuseyourphoneasawhile? Iforgottotakeminebychance.”Lisaid，pickoutmywastephoneanddialing.YoucanseehowembarrassingIwasonthescene!答案Wearerequiredtocollectoursmartphonesandkeepintheteachersduringtheweekdays.Infact，themostofusobeythisregulation，butsomestillplayvariousagainstit.Imamongthose.Once，Iinawastephone.MrLi，ourheadteacher，seemedignoreallthat.SoIfeltverytohaveanextraphonewithme.goodtimesdontlastlong.“CanIuseyourphoneawhile? Iforgottotakeminebychance.”Lisaid，outmywastephoneanddialing.YoucanseehowIwasonthescene!12(2019·四川成都二診)Ihavealwaysbeendoingvolunteerwork，soIhadneverreallythoughtaboutdoingworkabroaduntilIfoundsomeinformationsonthisspecifictrip.Therewasapictureattachingtoane­mail，whichwassentregardingatrip.Itshowedtwolittlegirlsthattheyneededvolunteers.Theimagemakesmefallinlovewiththeideaofgoingsomewherecompletedifferentfrommyhome.WhatattractedmeaboutthetripwasitwastoaplaceIdnevervisitedbymyself.Iwantedtogonowherethatwouldmakemestepoutintomycomfortzone.答案Ihavealwaysbeendoingvolunteerwork，IhadneverreallythoughtaboutdoingworkabroaduntilIfoundsomeonthisspecifictrip.Therewasapicturetoane­mail，whichwassentregardingtrip.Itshowedtwolittlegirlsthattheyneededvolunteers.Theimagemefallinlovewiththeideaofgoingsomewheredifferentfrommyhome.WhatattractedmeaboutthetripwasitwastoaplaceIdnevervisitedbymyself.Iwantedtogothatwouldmakemestepoutmycomfortzone.閱讀理解(2019·山東濰坊期中)Digitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayaccesstotechnologyfromchildren.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch,65%ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteenscellphoneorInternetaccessaspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies，digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalstepforparents.Takeawayachildsmostcherisheditemandhe/she will quickly learn from his/herbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroundingisntasclear­cutasthat.Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywontengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately，though，digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment，notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(約定的最晚回家時(shí)間)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.Weveallbeentherewevecaughtourchildrendoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot­headed，embarrassed，orupset.Often，though，thesepunishmentsdontalignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding，showyourchildrenwhattheydidwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdifferently.Thisway，theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmartwithtechnology.Theresnodenyingthattechnologyishereforthelong­haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesntfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Bydigitallygroundingthem，youareputtingabandageoverthewound，ratherthantreatingit.Now，whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisalose­losesituation，werenotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisalose­losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons，whenusedappropriately.13Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?AHittingoryellingatchildren.BLayingoutastrictpunishmentintheheatofthemoment.CTakingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.DForbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后兩句“Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(約定的最晚回家時(shí)間)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/she failed to follow rules.”可知，一個(gè)孩子超過(guò)約定的最晚回家時(shí)間，懲罰就是打他/她或?qū)ζ浯蠛按蠼小＜o(jì)律不會(huì)讓他/她下周末出去，因?yàn)樗?她沒(méi)有遵守規(guī)則。故D選項(xiàng)正確。14Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?AItbenefitschildrengreatly.BItisnobetterthandisciplining.CParentscanuseittocorrectkidsbehavior.DNeitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”可知，相反，這對(duì)父母和孩子來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一種兩敗俱傷的局面。故D選項(xiàng)正確。15Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinsteadofgrounding?AGivekidsmorefreetime.BActappropriatelyinpublic.CHelpkidsformgoodhabits.DPutabandageoverthewound.答案C解析推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.”可知，他們建議盡快教他們好習(xí)慣，而不是拿走他們的科技。故C選項(xiàng)正確。16Whatsthepurposeofthetext?AToinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.BToexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.CToshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.DToprovedigitalgroundingisnotagoodparentingway.答案D解析寫(xiě)作目的題。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”、第三段第一句“Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.”、第五段第一句“Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”和第六段第二句“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.”可知，本文的目的是證明“數(shù)碼囚禁”并不是教導(dǎo)孩子的好方法。故D選項(xiàng)正確。.七選五(2019·安徽江南十校檢測(cè))Whenbignewsbreaks，itseasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.17Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Heressomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.18Intherushtocoverstories，reportersmakemistakes，officialsdontalwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits (八卦新聞) thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.19Ontheotherhand，F(xiàn)acebookcanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.20AftertheBostonMarathonbombing，NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitage­appropriate.Kidsarentalwaysreadytodiges