四、文章出處或讀者對象題(2019·全國，D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombinedoraddedthesymbolstogetthereward.HereshowHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvaluesometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分) ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”DrLivingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhattheyredoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院科學(xué)家Margaret Livingstone帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：猴子能算算術(shù)，且它們對大數(shù)值的關(guān)注勝過小數(shù)值。32Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?ATheyfedthem.BTheynamedthem.CTheytrainedthem.DTheymeasuredthem.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知答案為C。33Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?ABydrawingacircle.BBytouchingascreen.CBywatchingvideos.DBymixingtwodrinks.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice; iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers17inthisexample.”可知答案為B。34WhatdidLivingstonesteamfindaboutthemonkeys?ATheycouldperformbasicaddition.BTheycouldunderstandsimplewords.CTheycouldmemorizenumberseasily.DTheycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，研究人員在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測試后發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子多半時候會選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。故選A。35Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?AEntertainment.BHealth.CEducation.DScience.答案D解析文章出處題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文講述了科學(xué)家們通過科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出猴子能夠算算術(shù)的結(jié)論。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版上。故選D。一、題型解讀幾乎所有話題都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Thispassagewouldprobably/mostlikelybefoundin.(2)Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom/outof.(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?(4)Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor.(5)Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?二、解題技巧內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷1利用內(nèi)容判斷文章出處(1)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱newspaper(2)推銷介紹新產(chǎn)品advertisement(3)文章中有clickhere等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語website(4)旅游勝地方面的介紹travelguide(5)時尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹magazine/journal/entertainmentsection(6)科普知識sciencereport(7)文化教育類文章educationsection2利用內(nèi)容判斷文章類別(1)旅游景點(diǎn)方面的介紹：travelguide(2)新產(chǎn)品/新書/新影片/演出介紹：advertisement(3)活動介紹：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱：news(5)科普知識/研究介紹：science report/studyreport3確定讀者對象先確定文章主題，再根據(jù)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)判斷讀者對象。例如：【真題感悟】中第35題，通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone帶領(lǐng)他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊。故選D項(xiàng)。A(2019·湖北十堰模擬)Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious，asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機(jī)恐懼癥) 8affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareand1accesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt” (neckpainwasoftenreported) and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandget2attachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhen9separatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethat4countsthesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)“WearetalkingaboutanInternet­connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.IftheycantseewhatshappeningonSnapchator，theybecomepanic­strickenaboutnotknowingwhatsgoingonsocially.“ButtheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandtheresnoInternet，”saysGriffiths.語篇解讀本文為說明文。當(dāng)今社會的許多人成了手機(jī)控，只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥，會感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)槿藗儼阎悄苁謾C(jī)當(dāng)作存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。1WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?AWewastetoomuchtimeonphones.BPhoneshavebecomepartofsomeusers.CAddictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.DPhonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句，第二段中的“usersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices”及最后一段第三句可知，現(xiàn)在的手機(jī)已成為許多人生活的一部分了，分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。2AccordingtoGriffiths，wegetnomophobiabecause.AweareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusBweneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationCweworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingDwefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“.itiswhatisonthephonethatcountsthesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo (fearofmissingout)”可知，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們害怕錯過朋友們發(fā)的東西，擔(dān)心不知道朋友在做什么，分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。3Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?AInaresearchreport.BInafashionbrochure.CInasciencetextbook.DInapopularsciencemagazine.答案D解析文章出處題。本文主要敘述了當(dāng)今社會的許多人已成為手機(jī)控及他們成為手機(jī)控的原因。有的人只要手機(jī)不在身邊就會出現(xiàn)無手機(jī)恐懼癥，感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯(lián)系，這是因?yàn)橹悄苁謾C(jī)是人們存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯(lián)系的一種工具。這種文章一般會出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選D項(xiàng)。B(2019·山東臨沂質(zhì)檢)Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.VaticanMuseums：VaticanCityTheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosinga3skip­the­linetour.“Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter，butalsoincludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.”ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel? Yes!BambooForest：Kyoto，JapanBambooForestisthemostworthysightinKyoto.Ifyoure10longingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness，KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossiblethink7am.ifyoureupforit.Dontmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonly5witnessinJapan.ChichenItza：Yucatán，MexicoHometoElCastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors，ChichenItzaisamust­see.Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide，itsfulloffascinatinginsightsandfactswithouttonsofpack­wearingtourists.LouvreMuseum：Paris，F(xiàn)ranceTheLouvreisoneofthemostpopularmuseumsontheplanet.12IfwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisntthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，consider6purchasinga7reservedticket.Thiswillgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf­hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil945pmonWednesdaysandFridays，ifyoureupforsomelate­nightartvisits.語篇解讀本文是一則廣告。文章介紹了四個旅游景點(diǎn)，提供給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。4WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson?AQueuingforfourhours.BJumpingthewaitingline.CTakingaskip­the­linetour.DVisitingtheSistineChapel.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VaticanMuseums：VaticanCity的第一、二句“TheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommendschoosingaskip­the­linetour.”可知答案為C。5Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush?AVaticanMuseumsandBambooForest.BChichenItzaandBambooForest.CBambooForestandLouvreMuseum.DChichenItzaandLouvreMuseum.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)BambooForest：Kyoto，Japan中的“KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible”和ChichenItza：Yucatán，Mexico中的“Wanttobeattherush? Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.”可知選B。6Whomightthispassagebeintendedfor?AVisitorsinterestedinmuseums.BGuidesatthetouristattractions.CPeopleattheticketcounter.DTouriststobeattherush.答案D解析讀者對象題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.”可知，這篇文章可能是寫給“為趕在高峰之前到達(dá)的游客”。故選D。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1Insomelessdevelopedareas，peopleareeagertoaccesstomedicalcare.使用2Thoughfarawayfromherhome，sheisveryattachedtoherfamilyandfriends.依戀3Whatpercentageofyourclassmatesregularlyskipbreakfast，themostimportantmealoftheday？跳過，不做(二)同義詞語替換4Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.matters/makesadifference5Shehadthegiftofwordstohelphergetthroughthehardship，heartacheandmajorsocialchangesshehadtowitnessfirsthand.see6Tabletsareespeciallyusefulforcollegestudentsbecausestudentscanpurchasee­booksordigital(數(shù)字的) versionsoftextbooksandstorethemallinoneveryportableplace.buy7Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.booked(三)一詞多義8affectv影響；使感動；使感染(1) Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestorysharedbythehomelessboy.v.使感動(2)Withofficialaid，thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.v.影響(3)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.v.使感染9separateadj.單獨(dú)的，分開的v分離；區(qū)分；隔開(1)EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheChannel.v.隔開(2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumansfromotheranimals.v.區(qū)分(3)Useseparateknivesforrawandcookedmeat.adj.單獨(dú)的，分開的(4)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.v.分離10longadj.長的；長期的adv.長期地；長久地v渴望(1)Itdidnttakelongtorepairthetable.adv.長期地(2)Daisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.v.渴望(3)Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsinthelongterm.adj.長期的.長難句理解11Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.句式分析本句是主從復(fù)合句，主句的謂語動詞是thinks，后面的attachmenttheoryis.asmallpartofnomophobia是賓語從句。在該賓語從句中，where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theory；because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其中的holds表示“持有”。精美譯文格里菲斯認(rèn)為，依戀理論是無手機(jī)恐懼癥的一小部分。根據(jù)依戀理論，我們對手機(jī)產(chǎn)生情感依賴，因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)掌握著我們生活的細(xì)節(jié)。12IfwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisntthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，considerpurchasingareservedticket.句式分析本句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，主句是一個祈使句。在該if從句中，waitingaroundinlinetogetin作主語，所以謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)形式。精美譯文如果在巴黎逗留時，你不喜歡排隊(duì)等候進(jìn)入，那就考慮提前訂票。強(qiáng)化練(十五) .閱讀理解A(2019·河南六市一模)Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions，theresalwaystheriskyoullbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.Butthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepast，thankstoJaguarLandRoverslatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure，humidity(濕度) andlightsensors(傳感器) tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions，suchasrain，withinaperiodoftime，suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular，itmaycloseoneormorewindows，orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughitisunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon，suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincetheresnohumandriverpresent，thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers，basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，它的天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)通過傳感器來預(yù)測天氣變化并對車輛自身進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。1HowwillJaguarLandRoverslatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?AVehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.BVehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.CVehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.DVehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，捷豹路虎最新的技術(shù)可以讓車輛像移動的天氣預(yù)報(bào)站一樣，幫助車輛預(yù)測天氣變化并調(diào)整車身以適應(yīng)變化，從而造福駕駛員。故C選項(xiàng)正確。2Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?AItcanhelpadjusttheinsidetemperature.BItcanstillbeclearinrainydays.CItistoostrongtobreakintopieces.DItscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Similarly，windowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的) glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技術(shù)的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故D選項(xiàng)正確。3Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?AItisintelligentenoughtostopraining.BItmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.CItcantpredicttheweatheraccurately.DItmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnow is coming.”可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)使得無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故D選項(xiàng)正確。4Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?AAbookreview.BAsciencereport.CAsciencefictionstory.DAtravelbrochure.答案B解析文章出處題。文章介紹了捷豹路虎公司最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù)，因此本文應(yīng)該出自一份科學(xué)報(bào)道。故B選項(xiàng)正確。B(2019·遼寧沈陽市郊聯(lián)體一模)DowomenmakeBETTERastronauts？Russialocksanall­femalecrewinspacesimulator(太空模擬器) foreightdaystofindout.SixRussianwomenhavebeensentintoaspaceshiptobeginauniqueexperimenttestinghowanall­femalecrewwouldrelatetoothersonatriptotheMoonandback.“Itsinterestingforustoseewhatisspecialaboutthewayafemalecrewcommunicates，”saidSergeiPonomaryov，theexperimentsleader.“Itwillbeparticularlyinterestingintermsofpsychology，”saidtheinstitutesdirectorIgorUshakov.“Idliketowishyoualackofconflicts，eventhoughtheysaythatinonekitchen，twohousewivesfindithardtolivetogether，”headded.Thevolunteersincludescientificresearchers，adoctorandapsychologist.Thetestperiodsimulates(模仿) aflighttotheMoonandback，withthewomencarryingout10experimentscoveringpsychologyandhumanbiology.Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.Lastyear，itsentitsfourthfemaleastronautintospace，YelenaSerova.SerovacomplainedofagreatdealofmediainterestinhowshewouldwashherhairaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation，pointingoutthatmaleastronautsdidnotfacethesamelineofquestioning.Thewomenfoundthemselvesfieldingquestionsatapressconferenceabouthowtheywouldactwithoutmenormakeupforeightdays.“Weareverybeautifulwithoutmakeup，”saidparticipantDaryaKomissarova.HercolleagueAnnaKussmaulwasmoredirect：“Wearedoingwork.Whenyouredoingyourwork，youdontthinkaboutmenandwomen.”Theyplantospendtheirfreetimewatchingfilms，readingandplayingboardgames.TeamleaderYelenaLuchnitskayasaidsheexpectedthewomentodealwithanyconflict.語篇解讀本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了俄羅斯做的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性是否能成為更好的宇航員的實(shí)驗(yàn)。5Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassageonawebsite?AEducation.BEntertainment.CScience.DEconomy.答案C解析文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章涉及太空實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題，所以可推知，從網(wǎng)站的“科學(xué)”欄目中能夠看到此文。故選C。6Whatsthepurposeoftheexperiment?AToshowthatwomencandobetterthanmen.BTotestwhetherwomencanbegoodastronauts.CTogatherinformationabouttheconditionsinspace.DTomeasurethedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第三句可知，本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的在于驗(yàn)證女性在太空中如何表現(xiàn)及她們能否成為更好的宇航員。故選B。7WhatdoweknowfromwhatIgorUshakovsaid?AWomencannotlivepeacefullyinspaceatall.BTheremaybeconflictsamongthewomenastronauts.CThefemalecrewwilldealwitheachotherinanewway.DBeinginthesamekitchenhelpsthewomenlivetogether.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，IgorUshakov提到有些人說在一個廚房里兩個家庭主婦都無法很好相處，那么在太空中女宇航員在空間極其有限的情況下可能會偶爾沖突。而且關(guān)鍵信息句“Idliketowishyoualackofconflicts”也表達(dá)出了IgorUshakov對女宇航員間發(fā)生小摩擦的預(yù)估。故選B。8Whichofthefollowingwasoncesentintospace?ASergeiPonomaryov.BDaryaKomissarova.CAnnaKussmaul.DValentinaTereshkova.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Russiasentthefirstwomanintospace，ValentinaTereshkova，in1963buthasfallenbehindsince.”可知，ValentinaTereshkova曾經(jīng)被送入太空。故選D。C(2018·浙江新高考名校聯(lián)考信息卷五)Evenbeforewewereborn，weknewourmothersvoiceandcoulddistinguishitfromothervoices.ThatsoneofthekeyfindingsofanongoingresearchprojectbyCanadianandChineseresearchers.Theresearchsuggeststhatwhilewearestillinthewomb(子宮)，ourbrainsarelearningspeechpatternsandlayingthegroundworkforlanguageacquisition.“Beforebirth，thebrainisbeingsetuptolearnlanguage，”saysBarbaraKisilevsky，whoconductedtheresearch.Ithadalreadybeenknownthatnewbornbabiesshowapreferencefortheirmothersvoice，butherlatestresearchshowstheyalsopreferthatfamiliarsoundwhilestillinthewomb.KisilevskycarriedoutthefirstlegoftheresearchinChina，becauseshealreadyhadaresearchprojectunderwaythereandthisfitnicelywiththatwork.WorkingwithresearchersatZhejiangUniversity，Kisilevskytested60womeninthefinalstageofpregnancy.Allthemothersweretape­recordedastheyreadapoemoutloud.Thenthemothersweredividedintotwogroups.Halfthefetuses(胎兒) heardtherecordingoftheirownmother.Theotherhalfheardthatofanothermother，butnottheirown.Inbothcases，thepoemcausedachangeinthebabysheartrate.Theheartrateacceleratedamongthosewhoheardtheirownmothersvoice，anddeceleratedamongthosewhoheardavoiceotherthanthatoftheirmothers.Decelerationoftheheartrateis“anattentionmechanism(機(jī)制)”，Kisilevskysays.Theheartbeatamongfetuseswhoheardanunfamiliarvoicesloweddown，shesays，becausetheywerepayingcloseattentiontoavoicetheydidnotrecognize.ThefactthattheheartbeatchangedinbothcasesupforMom，downforsomeoneelseshowsthefetuses“noticedbothvoices”，shesays，andcouldtellonefromtheother.Bytheway，thepoemisimmaterialhere.Kisilevskysuspectsshewouldhavehadthesameresultsifthemothershadbeenreadingaphonebook.“Itsnotthecontentthatthefetusesrecognized，”shesays.“Weallhaveourownwayoftalking.Westopatdifferenttimes，takebreathsatdifferenttimes，andthatswhattheyarerecognizing.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對聲音的識別的研究。9.Whatledtothechangeinfetusesheartrateacccordingtotheresearch?ATheirfamiliaritywiththevoice.BThequalityoftherecordings.CTheircuriosityabouteverything.DThecontentofthepoemrecorded.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，胎兒在聽到不熟悉的聲音時，它們的心跳會減慢，因?yàn)樗鼈儼迅嗟淖⒁饬Ψ旁诹怂鼈儾荒茏R別的這個聲音上。由此可知，在研究中，胎兒對聲音的熟悉度的不同導(dǎo)致了它們心率的變化。故選A。10Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?AAdultstalkinawayquitedifferentfrombabies.BKisilevskyfirmlybelievesherfindingsareapplicable.CSpeechpatternsarewhatfetusesrecognizeintellingvoices.DDifferentexperimentalmaterialscanleadtodifferentresults.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后兩句可知，胎兒在辨別聲音時識別的是人們的說話方式，即他們的語言模式。故選C。11Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?AMedicine.BLifestyle.CEducation.DScience.答案D解析文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)胎兒對聲音的識別的研究，它最可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)專欄上。.七選五(2019·廣東深圳高級中學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試)Youforgottosetyourwake­upalarm.Asyouslowlycometorealizethatyouregoingtobeextremelylateforschoolorwork，youbegintogetintoapanic.12Soyouleavehomestressed，hungryandthirsty.Ifyouoftenstartyourdayinsuchastressedstate，thenyoullbesuretobenefitfromthesuggestionsbelow.Wakeupontime.Wakingupontime(orevenearly) isnecessarytostartyourdaypositively.13Andyouwontneedtorusharoundatthelastminute.Makeyourbed.Makingyourbedisprobablythelastthingyouthinkaboutwhenyouarepreparedinthemorning.Thishabitmaybeokayforstudents，butifyouwanttoincreaseyourmotivationandproductivity，youshoulddefinitelymakeyourbed.14Takea10­minutewalkinthemorning.Ifyouhaveadog，thenthiswillbeaneasytaskforyou.However，evenifyoudontownadog，whynottrywalkingfor10minutesoutsideeverymorning? 1516Organizedpeopletendtodothiswork.Ithelpsthemkeeptrackofwhatneedsdoingathome，workandbeyond.Themorningtimeisperfectforcheckingyourto­dolist.Youmayalsofindthatyoucandeletesomeitemst