二、文章或段落大意題(2019·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.語篇解讀文章主要講述了美國加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。27Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?ATheseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.BTheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.CThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.DTheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees.declinedby50percent.morethan55percent.75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴重性，故選A項。28Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?AEcologicalstudiesofforests.BBanningwoodcutting.CLimitinghousingdevelopment.DFirecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Apetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)”可知，聲勢浩大的森林防火措施雖然一定程度上保護了森林，但同時也導(dǎo)致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭搶資源，從而導(dǎo)致大樹數(shù)量減少，故選D項。29WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?AInadequatesnowmelt.BAlongerdryseason.CAwarmerclimate.DDampnessoftheair.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid.havebeenrisingtemperatures.reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre認為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C項。30Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ACaliforniasForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?BCuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonCWhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?DPatrickMcIntyre: GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講述了美國加州森林中大樹數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。因此A項能很好地概括全文。一、題型解讀說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類，都會考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/the passage/text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解題技巧“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細節(jié)。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，提出主題，用細節(jié)來解釋或拓展主題句所表達的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細節(jié)后，歸納要點以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時再次點出主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細節(jié)描述歸納主題進一步解釋。以下是找主題句的四個小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯(如however，but，in fact，actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識地重復(fù)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。例如：【真題感悟】中第27題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees.declinedby50percent.morethan55percent.75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴重性，故選A項。A(2019·河北衡水中學(xué)押題卷二)Astheparentofa7­year­oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanItandStopPeople­PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade­oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust­readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people­pleasers”Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself­respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople­pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommonthingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills.Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？ItsOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.語篇解讀在日常生活中，說“是”意味著讓自己接受新的體驗，迎接新的或更深層次的關(guān)系。但是，太多的“是”會讓我們感到焦慮、過分受約束、無力在生活中設(shè)定和維持界限。本文建議我們學(xué)會用積極的方式說“不”。1WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1?AToblamehimself.BToshowhowtoguidekids.CTotellhislikesanddislikes.DTohelprecommendabook.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Buttoomuchyesleavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的個人經(jīng)歷是為了推薦一本書。故選D。2WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?AHowtodealwitharequest.BWhyaskersturntoothersforafavor.CWhypeople­pleaserssay“yes”toooften.DHowtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlifepeople­pleasers”和“Forpeople­pleasers，yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要談?wù)摰氖恰盀槭裁慈倓e人的人總是說是”。故選C。3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean?AOccasions.BProcesses.CAdventures.DStories.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考慮了朋友、工作、家庭和養(yǎng)育子女之間的關(guān)系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommonthingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemynoskills.”(通過閱讀這些場景，我意識到他們有一些共同的事情，這些事情立即開始幫助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知畫線詞的意思是“場合，場景”。故選A。4Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?AGivenoresponsetoanydemand.BLearntosay“no”inapositiveway.CKeepopenallchannelsofcommunication.DSay“yes”constantlywithoutfeelingguilty.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou? ItsOKiftheanswerisno，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建議我們學(xué)會用積極的方式說“不”。故選B。B(2019·山西大學(xué)附中模擬)BluePlanetslatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic.Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldntpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwestilldontreallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.Anditsnotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster，worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedonthavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.Thisisnotaproblemwherewedontknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodispose(處理) ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle­useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebagwhentaken3collectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了藍色星球的最新一集關(guān)注的是塑料如何對海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒了。5Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?ATheplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.BPlasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.CTheworldcouldntpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.DPlasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，雖然現(xiàn)在看來，沒有塑料世界是不可能運轉(zhuǎn)的，但消費塑料卻是最近才發(fā)明的。第一個塑料袋是在20世紀50年代問世的，就在塑料包裝在美國開始流行的那十年里，塑料包裝的數(shù)量增長得如此之快，以至于科學(xué)仍在跟上這一變化。例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一門非常早期的科學(xué)。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科學(xué)跟不上。故選D。6HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?ABystatistics.BByquotationsfromleadingexperts.CByusingexamplesfromhisownexperience.DBycomparisonandcontrast.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段介紹：我們把所有這些塑料投入到環(huán)境中，但我們?nèi)匀徊恢罆a(chǎn)生什么結(jié)果。然而，我們所知道的是令人不安的。據(jù)估計，海洋塑料每年會殺死數(shù)百萬的海洋動物。據(jù)了解，包括瀕危生物在內(nèi)的近700種物種已被證實受到影響。有三分之一的棱皮龜胃里都有塑料制品，它們經(jīng)常把塑料袋誤認為水母。目前，90%的海鳥經(jīng)常吃塑料制品。到2050年，這一數(shù)字有望上升到100%。由此可知，作者是通過統(tǒng)計的方法來支持自己的觀點的。故選A。7Whatcanweinferaboutclimatechange?AClimatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.BSomepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange.CClimatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution.DOceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster, worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認者), atleastsofar.(我可以理解為什么有些人把海洋塑料視為災(zāi)難，這和氣候變化一樣值得提及。海洋塑料不像氣候變化那么復(fù)雜。沒有海洋垃圾否認者，至少到目前為止是這樣)”可推知，有些人對氣候變化持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。8Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?AOceanplasticisaglobalissue.BTheoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.CBluePlanethasleftviewersheartbroken.DPlasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.答案B解析主旨大意題。文章介紹了塑料如何對海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒了，由此可知，文章大意講塑料充斥著海洋。故選B。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1Partofmyjobistomaintainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.維持2IvelookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandIvefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令人困擾的3To achieve our goals，we should team up with each other and work collectively.共同地，集體地(二)同義詞語替換4Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextduringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often5ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence(三)一詞多義6picturen圖片；照片v想象，設(shè)想；描繪(1)Icantpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象(2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.圖片7figuren數(shù)字；體形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；圖形；人影v計算；認為，估計(1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.數(shù)字(2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.計算(3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.認為(4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkness.n.人影(5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.體形，身材.長難句理解8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞scenarios，inwhich相當于“where”。rangingfrom.為v.­ing短語作定語，修飾名詞reasons。精美譯文這本書提供了數(shù)百個場景的簡短對話，在這些場景中，“不”是正確的答案，說“不”的原因包括時間管理、經(jīng)濟壓力和情感邊界。9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebagwhentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.句式分析本句為并列句，由破折號連接。破折號之前的主干為Thingsthatmayseemordinary，like表示“例如”。破折號后面的主句為thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意義，有重大影響”；whentakencollectively實際上是狀語從句的省略，構(gòu)成“連詞過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。精美譯文看似普通的事情，比如使用可重復(fù)使用的瓶子或可重復(fù)使用的袋子當大家都選擇這樣做時，那么就會對我們的環(huán)境有重大意義。強化練(十九) .閱讀理解A(2019·河南安陽二模)Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble­makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生態(tài))healthy.YellowstoneNationalParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2018studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark.“Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互動) inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwedneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadntadoptedecological­processmanagementallowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.”Afterthewolveswerere­introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtreesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer­wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse.Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators (捕食者) wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator­preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves.Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，其中黃石公園對狼的引進就是一個典型的例子。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Expect.B.Understand.C.Notice.D.Accept.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黃石公園從狼群的重新引入中獲益，其方式出乎我們的意料。故選A。2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade?A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild.B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems.C.TorecordhowAaronWirsingobservedwolves.D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍攝紀錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對生態(tài)有益的。故選D。3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies.B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves.C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies.D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，這項研究再次證明了為什么保護這些食肉動物不僅對狼這個物種很重要，而且對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個層面的物種都很重要。故這項研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護狼的重要性。故選B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems.B.Thefearofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing.C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves.D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess.答案A解析主旨大意題。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的。故選A。BIreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住戶)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonandahug.Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.Itsamajorprobleminmanysocieties.Thatswhyinter­generational(代際的) programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample，aretiredjudgemaybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw.Butitisntonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter­generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenperhapsgettingoldwontbesosadafterall.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread?A.Toargueforanewconcept.B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.Todrawourattentiontoasocialproblem.答案C解析推理判斷題。分析整篇文章可知，文章是按照“社會現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)分析這種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因代際計劃成功的實例這種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的積極意義”的結(jié)構(gòu)展開的，因此可判斷作者提到他在報紙上讀到的那篇文章是為了介紹文章的主題，這樣才能引出文章的其他內(nèi)容。故C選項正確。6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhyinter­generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld.B.Theinter­generationalprogramsbenefitstoindividuals.C.Theinter­generationalprogramsallovertheworld.D.Theexamplesofinter­generationalactivities.答案D解析段落大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，世界各地都有代際計劃成功的例子。利用年輕人向老年人傳授IT技能就是一個明顯的例子。在學(xué)校里讓老人做志愿者是另一個例子。倫敦有一項成功的計劃，把年輕的志愿者和失明的老年人結(jié)對。例如，一個退休的法官可能與一個想學(xué)習(xí)法律的青少年結(jié)對。由此可知，該段主要介紹了代際活動的例子。故D選項正確。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoungB.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBornC.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoungD.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad答案A解析標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨的問題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。所以短文是圍繞著“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”展開的。所以A選項“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”為本文最佳標題。CCortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默認) identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhousethem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak.Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16­year­oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacationrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthatsreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid.“Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonalizedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers.Also，peoplesvoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlas