第四節(jié)形容詞和副詞考向分析熱考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空集中于比較級(jí)，形容詞變副詞。短文改錯(cuò)集中于比較級(jí)應(yīng)用不當(dāng)，形容詞、副詞應(yīng)用不當(dāng)。新考向2019年高考英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)化了對(duì)副詞的考查。全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)中區(qū)分了形近副詞hard和hardly的含義，全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)中考查了so修飾形容詞，并區(qū)分了副詞修飾副詞含義，即too much 和very/so much的區(qū)別。題型一關(guān)于形容詞和副詞的語(yǔ)法填空1Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集) aroundhumansettlements，leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) thatpopulationsare(high) theyactuallyare.(2019·全國(guó))答案higher解析考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)其后的“thantheyactuallyare”可知，此處用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填higher。2Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyears(long) non­runners.(2018·全國(guó))答案longer解析考查副詞的比較等級(jí)。句中的than是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志，故填long的比較級(jí)longer。3Thatmakesherbabyscream，andthena400­poundmaleappears.Hescreams(loud) .(2018·全國(guó))答案loudest解析考查副詞的比較等級(jí)。由空前的the以及空后的ofall可知要用最高級(jí)。4Therecouldbeaneven(high) costonyourhealth.(2018·浙江)答案higher解析考查形容詞的比較級(jí)?！案痹~even比較級(jí)”表示“更”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。5.(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全國(guó))答案worse解析考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級(jí)形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。6Sixteenyears(early)，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.(2017·浙江)答案earlier解析考查副詞的比較級(jí)。sixteenyearsearlier意為“早在16年前”。提示詞為形容詞或副詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，如果不需要改變?cè)~性和含義的話，則需要填該詞的比較級(jí)或者最高級(jí)。1比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞填空處后有than，用比較級(jí)。如果有as，則用原級(jí)。填空處前有even，much，far，rather，alittle，bit及倍數(shù) (twice，threetimes)等，用比較級(jí)。2最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞填空處后有ofall/among等表范圍，用最高級(jí)。填空處前有oneofthe，the序數(shù)詞，定冠詞the，則用最高級(jí)。3固定句型the比較級(jí).，the比較級(jí).越越比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)越來(lái)越否定詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)“(倍數(shù))as原級(jí)as”結(jié)構(gòu)morethanadj.表示“非常”4比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstbadlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthest (指距離)/farfurtherfurthest (指距離和抽象概念)1Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor) studied.(2019·全國(guó))答案poorly解析考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處副詞poorly修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasbeenstudied。故填poorly。2Heryearsofhardworkhave(final) beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名) hertobeCheshiresWomanOfTheYear.(2019·全國(guó))答案finally解析考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞havebeenacknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。3TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere (huge) popularwithtourists.(2019·全國(guó))答案hugely解析考查副詞。空格處單詞修飾形容詞popular，應(yīng)用副詞形式，huge的副詞形式為hugely，故填hugely。4Adogseatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitis(proper) established.(2019·天津)答案properly解析考查副詞。句意為：在狗的飲食習(xí)慣被正確地建立之前，需要定期的訓(xùn)練。此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞establish，故填properly。5Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings，cardriverscan(easy) seethem.(2019·浙江)答案easily解析考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處所給詞修飾動(dòng)詞see，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式，故填easily。6Atasteformeatis(actual) behindthechange.(2018·全國(guó))答案actually解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞用形容詞actual的副詞形式actually。7Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair) unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全國(guó))答案fairly解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變副詞。所填詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故用fair的副詞形式fairly。8Itis(certain) funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal. (2017·全國(guó))答案certainly解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變副詞。此處應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾形容詞fun，故填形容詞certain的副詞形式certainly。1根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是填形容詞還是副詞。原則唯一：形容詞修飾名詞或者代詞副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者副詞2如果確定需要填副詞，要注意形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律。一般情況：直接加lyquickquicklybravebravelyimmediateimmediately大多數(shù)“輔音字母e”結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加lyunfortunateunfortunatelyabsoluteabsolutelyattractiveattractively“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i再加lyhappyhappilyheavyheavilysteadysteadily以­al結(jié)尾的形容詞，變副詞直接加lytypicaltypicallyeventualeventuallyoccasionaloccasionallynormalnormallygradualgradually“輔音字母le”結(jié)尾的形容詞，去e加ysimplesimplygentlegentlycomfortablecomfortablypossiblepossiblyreasonablereasonablyprobableprobably特殊truetruly以­ll結(jié)尾只加yfullfullydulldully以­ic結(jié)尾加allybasicbasicallyscientificscientificallyautomaticautomatically特別注意wholewhollyshyshylydrydrylygoodwellhard既是形容詞又是副詞hardly是副詞意為“幾乎不”fairadj.公平的，頭發(fā)淺色的，皮膚白的，美麗的，相當(dāng)?shù)膎.集市fairlyadv.相當(dāng)?shù)?，公平地，竟然?#173;ly結(jié)尾的形容詞：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，deadly，likely，monthly，yearly，daily，weekly，neighbourlyOnourwaytothehouse，itwasraininghardthatwecouldnthelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全國(guó))答案so解析考查副詞。句意為：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們禁不住想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里。so.that.意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。故填so。1.形容詞修飾名詞或者代詞。2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者副詞本身。3.尤其關(guān)注“soadj./adv.that”句型。題型二關(guān)于形容詞和副詞的短文改錯(cuò)1First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformsocoolly.(2019·全國(guó)) 答案coollycool解析考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked(看起來(lái)樣)”為系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞后需用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故將coolly改為cool。2WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全國(guó))答案ordinarilyordinary解析考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞cafe，應(yīng)用形容詞。ordinarily是副詞。故把ordinarily改為ordinary。3Ihappilythattheirlifehadimproved.(2018·全國(guó))答案happilyhappy解析考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意為：他們的生活得到了改善，我感到很高興。feel為系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故將happily改為happy。4Immediate，Iraisedmyhand. (2018·全國(guó))答案ImmediateImmediately解析考查副詞的用法。放于句首，作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，要用副詞。故將Immediate改為Immediately。5ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad. (2017·全國(guó))答案suddenlysudden解析考查形容詞的用法。此處stop是名詞，修飾名詞需用形容詞，故將suddenly改為sudden。6Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums. (2017·全國(guó))答案differencedifferent解析考查形容詞的用法。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞kinds。故將difference改為different。1原則唯一：形容詞修飾名詞或者代詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或者副詞本身。2系動(dòng)詞之后要用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，不能用副詞。3更正時(shí)，一定注意形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律。1Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全國(guó))答案hardlyhard解析考查副詞?！癶ard(用力地，猛力地，猛烈地)”與“hardly(幾乎不；幾乎沒(méi)有)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句句意為：我擋住足球，并用力地將它踢回操場(chǎng)。由句意可知，此處表示“用力地”，應(yīng)用hard。故將hardly改為hard。2Then，whenIwasinthefifthgrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.(2019·全國(guó))答案tooso/very解析考查副詞。句意為：在五年級(jí)的時(shí)候，因?yàn)槲曳浅Ｏ矚g我的英語(yǔ)老師，所以我想成為一名老師。“so/very much”表示“非?！保弧皌oo much”表“太多”。此處表示“我非常喜歡我的英語(yǔ)老師”，應(yīng)用so much 或very much。故將too改為very/so。3Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.(2017·全國(guó))答案latelater解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。“一段時(shí)間later”表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后”，是固定用法。故將late改為later。4Beside，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet. (2017·全國(guó))答案BesideBesides解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。此處表示“此外，而且”，應(yīng)用副詞besides。beside在旁邊，為介詞。故將Beside改為Besides。1hardadj.堅(jiān)硬的，困難的，努力的adv.努力地；艱難地；用力地，猛力地，猛烈地hardlyadv.幾乎不；幾乎沒(méi)有2lateadj.遲到的；晚的adv.晚；遲lateradv.后來(lái)，之后。“時(shí)間段later”表示“多久之后”。latelyadv.最近recentlylatestadj.最近的3beside在旁邊besides此外，而且1OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國(guó))答案刪除more解析考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句中better為well(健康；身體好)的比較級(jí)形式，多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成比較級(jí)用“more加形容詞或副詞”，所以more不能與better連用。故刪除more。2Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople. (2018·全國(guó))答案largerlarge解析詞法錯(cuò)誤。由語(yǔ)境可知，前后沒(méi)有比較的意味，用原級(jí)。故將larger改為large。1兩者比較用比較級(jí)，三者或三者以上用最高級(jí)。2一些詞沒(méi)有比較等級(jí)：favorite，perfect，excellent，superior。增分訓(xùn)練增分單句訓(xùn)練.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Internetusershave(broad) welcomedthemove，sayingthisisablessingforChinesestudentswhowanttoenterCambridge.(2019·四川成都七中三診)答案broadly解析此處應(yīng)該用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞welcome，所以用broadly。2Theyarepretendingtokeepahealthyandwiseattitudetowardfailure(simple) becausetheyreincapableofsucceeding. (2019·人大附中第三次調(diào)研)答案simply解析此處需要副詞修飾整個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。simple變成副詞需要去e加y，故填simply。3“IthinkAIisgoingtobe(great) importantforwhatwedo，”saidJonSnoddy，anofficialoftheentertainmentcompany.(2019·山東棗莊三模)答案greatly解析此處需要修飾形容詞important，所以需要用副詞形式，即greatly。4Justtakealookatarecentstudywhereresearchersfoundthatthefrontpocketsonwomensjeansare40percent(short) and6.5percentnarrowerthanthoseonmens.(2019·遼寧二中四模)答案shorter解析根據(jù)后面的than及and后面的平行結(jié)構(gòu)narrower可知，此處應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)，故填shorter。5Chinahassplendidculturewithalonghistory.Chineseoperaisoneofthe(old) dramaticartformsintheworld.(2019·湖北十堰模擬)答案oldest解析第二句句意為：中國(guó)戲曲是世界上最古老的戲劇藝術(shù)形式之一。此處是“oneofthe最高級(jí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。所以此處用最高級(jí)oldest。6However，itcouldleadtoamuch(deep) understandingofhowweallremembertheworldaroundus.(2019·河北辛集中學(xué)三模)答案deeper解析amuchdeeperunderstanding一個(gè)更深入的了解，much用來(lái)修飾deep的比較級(jí)。故填deeper。7Scullinfoundstudentswhosleptmoreperformed(well) intwodifferentclasses，andhepublishedhisfindingsintwoacademicpublicationslastNovember.(2019·山東青島一模)答案better解析句意為：斯卡利林發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠較為充足的學(xué)生在兩個(gè)不同的課程中表現(xiàn)得更好，并且在去年11月，他在兩份學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表了自己的研究結(jié)果。由“more”可知，這實(shí)際上是睡眠較為充足的學(xué)生與睡眠不足的學(xué)生在課程表現(xiàn)中的對(duì)比，所以用well的比較級(jí)better。8Imadelife­longfriendsandhadmany(last) memories.(2019·寧夏石嘴山三中三模)答案lasting解析此處需要用形容詞修飾名詞memories。last可以由動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~lasting，表示“持久的”。.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.Honoluluhas(many) pedestrianshitincrosswalksthanalmostanyothercityinAmerica.答案more解析由than可知，用many的比較級(jí)more。2(sure) redwillalwaysbeabelovedcolorfordesigners，andredshoeshavealsobecomeachoiceformanysupermodels.答案Surely解析副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，故填Surely。3The(easy) waytogetinvolvedinRedNoseDayistoweararednose!答案easiest解析句意為：參加紅鼻子日最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是戴上紅鼻子。根據(jù)the以及句意可知應(yīng)填形容詞最高級(jí)easiest。4Cornwallhasitsowntreasurestoo­prettyvillagesandtownssuchasStIvesandMouseholelinethecoastline，andmakefortheperfectlocationstospendthose(relax) summerafternoons!答案relaxing解析修飾summerafternoons用­ing形容詞，故填relaxing。.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1EverytimeIseeit，IwillfeelproudlyasIamChinese.(2019·四川雙流中學(xué)三模)答案proudlyproud解析feel為系動(dòng)詞，后面需要用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。所以要把proudly改為proud。2IhavealittledifficultyinEnglish.ButIwillstudyhardlytoimproveitifIhaveanopportunitytogotoyouruniversity.(2019·山東滕州二中模擬)答案hardlyhard解析考查副詞?！癶ard(努力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不；幾乎沒(méi)有)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句句意為：如果我有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入你的大學(xué)，我將努力學(xué)習(xí)提高英語(yǔ)。故將hardly改為hard。3Among100studentssurveyed，wecanseedifferentlystudentshavedifferentwaystogetridofpressure.(2019·四川成都七中三診)答案differentlydifferent解析此處需要用形容詞修飾名詞students，所以把differently改成different。4JinanmayneitherbeasindustrializedasShanghainorashistoricalasBeijing.ButJinanformeisatruewonderfulcity.(2019·河水衡水中學(xué)聯(lián)考)答案truetruly解析此處需要用副詞修飾形容詞wonderful。true變副詞為特殊變化，即truly。5Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.(2019·遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)答案easyeasier解析后面有than，需要用比較級(jí)，所以把easy改為easier。6Whenwewenttohighschooltogether，shedidntstudyverymuchhard.(2019·遼源田家炳高級(jí)中學(xué)六模)答案刪除much解析此處very修飾hard，much多余，語(yǔ)意重復(fù)，故刪除。7IfonewantstoknoworstudyChineseculturemoredeeply，heorshemustspendmuchtime.答案muchmore解析句意為：如果一個(gè)人想更深入地了解或研究中國(guó)文化，他或她必須花更多的時(shí)間。根據(jù)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中moredeeply可知，主句中much應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。故much改為more。8Iwasamazedatthebrightnessofthetropicalfish，thebeautyoftheseahorsesasgoodasthepoweroftheshark.(2019·云南曲靖沾益四中三模)答案goodwell解析句意為：我吃驚于熱帶魚的艷麗、海馬的美麗以及鯊魚的力量。此處是aswellas“也，此外”，為固定詞組。增分寫作訓(xùn)練形容詞、副詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用1Tobehonest，IhaveoncewonfirstprizeintheOralEnglishCompetition，which，asaconsequence，provesmyability.(2019·全國(guó))Honestlyspeaking，IhaveoncewonfirstprizeintheOralEnglishCompetition，whichconsequentlyprovesmyability.2AsfarasIamconcerned，youaremorecompetitivethananyoneelse，whichwillbeofbenefittous.(2019·全國(guó))As far as I am concerned，no one can be more competitive than you，which will bebeneficialto us.3Therewillbeallkindsofperformances，includingChinesemusicandpopmusicmadebytheteenagers，whichwillleaveadeepimpressionontheaudience.(2019·全國(guó))Therewillbevariousperformances，includingtraditionalChinesemusicandoriginalpopmusicmadebytheteenagers，whichwilldefinitelybeimpressive.強(qiáng)化練(六).語(yǔ)法填空A(2019·湖南六校聯(lián)考)Twenty­fiveyearsago，mostyoungBritishpeoplewantedacareerinlaw，tobeadoctor，ortotakeupsinging.Buttoday，thingsstand1.(different)Accordingtoarecentsurvey，the“dreamjob”ofyoungpeople2.(age) between16and25intheUKisavideoblogger，or“vlogger(視頻博主)”Thesurvey，carriedoutamong1,002people，foundthatover40%ofthemputvloggerastheirnumberonechoiceonalistofdream3.(career)Thechangeislargelyduetotherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology (IT)TheInternetandsocialmediahavemadeit4.(easy) andmoreconvenienttoreachaglobalaudience，withouthavingtoenteracareerinshowbusinessinthetraditionalway.“Inthepast，thebiggeststars5.(make) bytheHollywoodstudios；now，anyonewithacomputercameramaybecomeastar，”saidPhilSamuels,6.expertfromtheUK.“From fashion to comedy，these self­made stars interact online with their fans about everyday life.”However，what people see 7.(be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact 8. only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune.Actually,9.everysuccessthereareahundredotherswhonevergetoffthestartingblock.Thisiswhysomeyoungpeoplestillshow10.(prefer) fortraditionaljobs.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今，隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，年輕人最理想的職業(yè)是“網(wǎng)紅”。其實(shí)，他們忽視了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在“網(wǎng)紅”成功的背后，更多的是沒(méi)有成功的人。1答案differently解析考查副詞。空處修飾動(dòng)詞stand，故用副詞形式。2答案aged解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞age和其邏輯主語(yǔ)youngpeople之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。3答案careers解析考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。career為可數(shù)名詞，且結(jié)合該句中的“alistof”可知，此處表示多種職業(yè)，故用career的復(fù)數(shù)形式careers。4答案easier解析考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的“andmoreconvenient”可知，空處與之并列，也用比較級(jí)。5答案weremade解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inthepast”可知，此處描述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；根據(jù)該句中的“bytheHollywoodstudios”可知，該句主語(yǔ)thebiggeststars和動(dòng)詞make之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用weremade。6答案an解析考查冠詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該處泛指“一位來(lái)自英國(guó)的專家”，故用不定冠詞；expert的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。7答案is解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語(yǔ)為“whatpeoplesee”，是what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；該句句意為：然而，人們所看到的僅是視頻博主光鮮的一面，忽視了只有成功者才能得到名氣和財(cái)富這一事實(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，該句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。8答案that解析考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明抽象名詞“fact”的具體內(nèi)容，故用that引導(dǎo)該同位語(yǔ)從句。9答案for解析考查介詞?！皩?shí)際上，對(duì)于每個(gè)成功者而言，有上百名其他人還沒(méi)有起步”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞for“對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)”。10答案preference解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作及物動(dòng)詞show的賓語(yǔ)，故用名詞形式。該句句意為：這就是一些年輕人仍然喜歡傳統(tǒng)工作的原因。B(2019·山西太原階段性測(cè)評(píng))Inthepastfewyears，morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,11.istheresultofthe12.(compete) withonlinebookstores.ButthesuccessofSisypheBookstore，oneofthe13.(big) privately­ownedbookstorechainsinChina，mayserve14.agreatexample.15(found) in1993，Sisyphestartedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now，itnotonlydevotesitselfto16.(sell) books，butcombinesthefunctionsofthebookstore，cafeandthesaleof17.(create) culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks，anditalso18.(able) peopletoenjoyspendingtimereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inreturn，bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls，so19.ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.Sofar，thegovernment20.(offer) taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbookstoreshascome，butdefinitely，weseetheturningpointtothem.11答案which解析考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的整個(gè)句子，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用which引導(dǎo)該從句。12答案competition解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及空前的定冠詞“the”可推知，此處應(yīng)用compete的名詞形式competition，表示“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。13答案biggest解析考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)空前的“oneofthe”和空后的“bookstorechainsinChina”及語(yǔ)境可推知，此處應(yīng)用big的最高級(jí)形式。14答案as解析考查固定用法。serveas用作，充當(dāng)，為固定搭配，此處表示西西弗書店是一個(gè)很好的例子。15答案Founded解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，found與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Sisyphe之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。16答案selling解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。devoteoneselftosth.“致力于某事”中的to為介詞，介詞后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞形式，故填selling。17答案creative解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用creative修飾其后的“culturalproducts”，表示“創(chuàng)造性的文化產(chǎn)品”。18答案enables解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：它也使人們能夠享受閱讀和飲用咖啡的時(shí)光。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)上文中的“opens”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且空前的主語(yǔ)“it”是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以填enables。19答案it解析考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的主語(yǔ)，故用代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。20答案hasoffered解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。sofar為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，offer與其主語(yǔ)thegovernment為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)填hasoffered。.短文改錯(cuò)21(2019·江西三名校聯(lián)考)Awomanwasinabusinesstrip.Shestayedinabigandcomforthotel.Buteveryday，shehadlotsofmeetingstoattendto，whichmadeherverytiring.OneSaturdayafternoon，shedecidedtosunbathetorelax.Soshewenttothetopofthehotelinherswimsuitandlaydownonroof.Afteraboutanhourofsunbathing，sheheardsomeonecomeuptotheroof.Itisthemanagerofthehotel.Hesaid，“Excuseme，Miss，butdoyoumindsunbathesomewhereelse？”“Why？”thewomanasked，“Imonthetopofthehotel.Everybodycanseeme！”Themananswered，“Thatstrue，andyouarelyingonthewindowabovethediningroom.Alloftheguestcanseeyourightabovethem！”答案Awomanwasabusinesstrip.Shestayedinabigandhotel.Buteveryday，shehadlotsofmeetingstoattendto，whichmadehervery.OneSaturdayafternoon，shedecidedtosunbathetorelax.Soshewenttothetopofthehotelinherswimsuitandlaydownonroof.Afteraboutanhourofsunbathing，sheheardsomeonecomeuptotheroof.Itthemanagerofthehotel.Hesaid，“Excuseme，Miss，butdoyoumindsomewhereelse？”“Why？”thewomanasked，“Imonthetopofthehotel.canseeme！”Themananswered，“Thatstrue，youarelyingonthewindowabovethediningroom.Allofthecanseeyourightabovethem！”22(2019·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特調(diào)研)Anopeningweekheldinourschoollastweeksothatwecouldshowagreatachievementswemadeinarteducation.TheartworksexhibitionwentonfromMondaytoFriday，exhibittheexcellentartworks，suchaspapercuts，paintingsandflowerarrangements.Bothoftheartworkswerecreatedbythestudentsofourschool.ThatattractedthepublicmostwasthesinginganddancingperformancesinFridayafternoon.Alltheseactivitiesdrawthecloseattentionofthepublicandparentsaswell，receivinghighpraisesfromthepublic.Throughtheseactivity，thepublichasabetterunderstandingofourschool.Asaresultof，weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreatsuccessful.答案Anopeningweekheldinourschoollastweeksothatwecouldshowgreatachievementswemadeinarteducation.TheartworksexhibitionwentonfromMondaytoFriday，theexcellentartworks，suchaspapercuts，paintingsandflowerarrangements.oftheartworkswerecreatedbythestudentsofourschool.attractedthepublicmostwasthesinginganddancingperformancesFridayafternoon.Alltheseactivitiesthecloseattentionofthepublicandparentsaswell，receivinghighpraisesfromthepublic.Throughthese，thepublichasabetterunderstandingofourschool.Asaresultof，weallthinkthattheopeningweekwasofgreat.閱讀理解(2019·天津十二所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考二)Tinymicrobes(微生物) areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanageharmfulgreenhousegasemissions.Scientistshavediscoveredhowmicrobescanbeusedtoturncarbondioxideemissionsintosoil­enrichinglimestone(石灰石)，withthehelpofatypeoftreethatgrowsintropicalareas，suchasWestAfrica.ResearchershavefoundthatwhentheIrokotreeisgrownindry，acidicsoilandtreatedwithacombinationofnaturalfungi(霉菌) andotherbacteria，notonlydoesthetreegrowwell，italsoproducestheminerallimestoneinthesoilarounditsroots.TheIrokotreemakesamineralbycombiningCafromtheearthwithCO2fromtheatmosphere.Thebacteriathencreatetheconditionsunderwhichthismineralturnsintolimestone.Thediscoveryoffersanewwaytolockcarbonintothesoil，keepingitoutoftheatmosphere.Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetreesleavesandintheformoflimestone，themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.Thediscoverycouldleadtoreforestation(重新造林) projectsintropicalcountries，andhelpreducecarbondioxideemissionsintheatmosphereinthedevelopingworld.IthasalreadybeenusedinWestAfricaandisbeingtestedinBolivia，HaitiandIndia.Thefindingsweremadeinathree­yearprojectinvolvingresearchersfromtheUniversitiesofEdinburgh，Granada，LausanneandDelftUniversityofTechnology.TheprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsforlockingCO2aslimestone，andtheIroko­bacteriawayshowedthebestresults.WorkwasfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundertheFuture&EmergingTechnologies(FET) scheme.DrBryneNgwenyaoftheUniversityofEdinburghsSchoolofGeoSciences，wholedtheresearch，said，“Bytakingadvantageofthisnaturallimestone­producingprocess，wehavealow­tech，safe，readilyemployedandeasilyoperatingwaytolockcarbonoutoftheatmosphere，whileimprovingfarmingconditionsintropicalcountries.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在艾羅科樹(shù)的幫助下，微生物可以用來(lái)將二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為石灰石，這種方法可以用來(lái)處理溫室氣體。23Thepassageismainlyintroducing.AsomeusefulnaturalfungiandbacteriaBanewwaytodealwithgreenhousegasemissionsCanewly­foundtreeinWestAfricaDthesoil­enrichinglimestonecreatedbyscientists答案B解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段首句可知，微生物是管理有害溫室氣體的農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)的核心，本文介紹的就是利用這種新技術(shù)處理溫室氣體的方法，故B項(xiàng)正確。24WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttinymicrobes?AMosttinymicrobeslikelivingindry，acidicsoil.BCO2canbebrokendownbynaturalfungiandbacteria.CThemoregreenhousegasis，themoreactivetinymicrobesbecome.DTinymicrobesgetalongwellwiththeIrokotreeinspecialsoil.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)艾羅科樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)在干燥、酸性的土壤中并經(jīng)過(guò)天然真菌和其他細(xì)菌的組合處理后，它不僅生長(zhǎng)良好，還會(huì)在根部周圍的土壤中產(chǎn)生礦物質(zhì)石灰石，由此可知，在某種特殊的土壤中，艾羅科樹(shù)能夠和微生物相處得很好，故D項(xiàng)正確。25Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3probablyreferto?ACarbondioxide.BCarbon.CSoil.DLimestone.答案C解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetreesleavesandintheformoflimestone，themineralinthesoilmakes”可知，除了在樹(shù)葉和石灰石中儲(chǔ)存碳外，土壤中的礦物質(zhì)使土壤更適合農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”，故C項(xiàng)正確。26Accordingtothepassage，whatcanweinfer?ATheactionofthetinymicrobescanincreasetheoxygenintheearth.BResearchershavedonetheexperimentontreesinAfric