話題十一 自然與環(huán)保子話題(一)水文和地貌geography n地理province n. 省state n. 州capital n. 首府，省會ocean n. 海洋，大海continent n. 陸地；大陸，大洲stream n. 小河；溪流range n. 山脈valley n. 山谷，溪谷desert n. 沙漠jungle n. 叢林，密林landmark n. 地標性建筑mineral n. 礦物質(zhì)urban adj. 城市的；郊區(qū)的local adj. 當?shù)氐膎ative adj. 本地的，本國的remote adj. 偏遠的；偏僻的mountainous adj. 多山的steep adj. 險峻的；陡峭的be rich in 富含；盛產(chǎn)be separate from 與分離be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于be surrounded by 被包圍/環(huán)繞著cover an area of . 占地面積為take on a new look 呈現(xiàn)新面貌off the coast of 在海岸附近at the top/foot of 在的頂部/底部(腳下)to/on/in the south of 在的南面(相望/接壤/在內(nèi))子話題(二)大氣與氣候weather n. 天氣climate n. 氣候haze n. 霧霾mist n. 薄霧fog n. 霧frost n. 霜drizzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨breeze n. 微風rainbow n. 虹，彩虹rainfall n. 一場雨；降雨量shower n. 陣雨；淋浴storm n. 風暴，暴(風)雨thunder n& vi. 雷聲，打雷blow vi. 吹n. 擊；打擊；吹freeze vi. 結冰；使凍住pour vi. 傾瀉，不斷流出mild adj. 溫和的，暖和的damp adj.& n. 潮濕(的)foggy adj. 有霧的cloudy adj. 多云的，陰天的sunny adj. 晴天的；晴朗的freezing adj. 冰凍的；極冷的snowy adj. 雪(白)的；下雪的；多(積)雪的chilly adj. 寒冷的low­pressure adj. 低壓的zero degrees Centigrade 零攝氏度50 degrees Fahrenheit 50華氏度freezing point 冰點heat wave 熱浪average temperature 平均氣溫weather forecast 天氣預報sub­tropical climate 亞熱帶氣候extreme weather 極端天氣rain or sunshine 風雨無阻子話題(三)自然災害與救援natural disasters 自然災害；天災earthquake n. 地震flood n. 洪水vt. 淹沒，使泛濫drought n. 干旱hurricane n. 颶風，十二級風sandstorm n沙塵暴typhoon n. 臺風volcano n. 火山tsunami n. 海嘯landslide n. 山體滑坡mudslide n. 泥石流acid rain n. 酸雨wildfire n. 野火shortage n. 缺乏damage n& vt. 毀壞，破壞destroy vt. 摧毀，破壞ruin vt. (使)毀壞；(使)毀滅 n. (復)廢墟；遺跡disappear vi. 消失threaten vt. 威脅predict vt. 預報，預言，預告erupt vi. (火山)爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)terrify vt. 使感到恐怖frighten vt. 使驚恐distribute vt. 發(fā)放；分發(fā)drinking water shortage 飲用水缺乏warning level 警戒水位volcanic eruption 火山爆發(fā)dig out 挖掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)donate .to . 向捐贈stricken area 受災地區(qū)economic losses 經(jīng)濟損失come to ones rescue 前來救某人be trapped in ruins 被困在廢墟中rebuild ones home 重建某人的家園子話題(四)動植物及生態(tài)保護1動物(1)動物名稱creature n. 生物，動物wildlife n. 野生動物beast n. 野獸，牲畜zebra n. 斑馬giraffe n. 長頸鹿squirrel n. 松鼠kangaroo n. 袋鼠koala n. 考拉dinosaur n. 恐龍shark n. 鯊魚whale n. 鯨seagull n. 海鷗seal n. 海豹seashell n. 海貝tortoise n. 龜，烏龜dolphin n. 海豚cattle n. 牛(總稱)；家畜donkey n. 驢eagle n. 鷹sparrow n. 麻雀parrot n. 鸚鵡insect n. 昆蟲pest n. 害蟲butterfly n. 蝴蝶dragonfly n. 蜻蜓mosquito n. 蚊子(2)動物肢體部位claw n. 爪tail n. (動物的)尾巴wing n. 翅膀，機翼feather n. 羽毛fur n. 毛皮；裘皮(3)相關動作bark vi. 狗叫n. 狗叫聲hatch vi.& vt. (鳥、雞)孵蛋howl vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭，嗥叫2植物(1)植物名稱bamboo n. 竹子maple n. 楓樹pine n. 松樹bush n. 灌木叢，矮樹叢seaweed n. 海草(2)植物部位root n. 根，根莖ring n. (樹的)年輪branch n. 樹枝trunk n. 樹干(3)相關動作plant vt. 種植harvest n& vt. 收割，收獲(物)grow vi. 生長；發(fā)育；變成vt. 種植sow vi.& vt. 播種irrigate vt. 灌溉3生態(tài)保護ecology n. 生態(tài)，生態(tài)學evolution n. 進化，演變survival n. 存活，幸存primitive adj. 原始的，遠古的bare adj. 裸露的extinct adj. 滅絕的preserve vt. 保護victim n. 犧牲品，受害者damage natural habitat 破壞自然棲息地disturb the wildlifes natural habitat 擾亂野生動物的自然棲息地rare breed 稀有物種endangered species瀕危物種die out 滅絕natural reserve 自然保護區(qū)protect wildlife 保護野生動物cut down 砍倒have disastrous effect on 對有災難性的影響keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡raise the awareness of 喚醒的意識live in harmony with 與和諧相處子話題(五)環(huán)境污染與環(huán)境保護1環(huán)境污染pollute vt. 污染radiation n. 放射，放射物waste n. 廢料rubbish n. 垃圾；廢物litter n. 垃圾garbage n. 垃圾smog n. 煙霧haze n. 霧霾white pollution 白色污染carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 溫室效應global warming 全球變暖2環(huán)境保護environmentally­friendly adj. 環(huán)保的replace/substitute vt. 取代，代替protect vt. 保護recycle vt. 回收；再循環(huán)advocate vt. 擁護，支持，提倡preserve vt. 保護，保留，保存limited natural resources 有限的自然資源alternative energy 替代能源solar energy/power 太陽能nuclear energy/power 核能environmental protection 環(huán)境保護in harmony with nature 與自然和諧共處live a lowcarbon life 過低碳生活prevent .from . 阻止做raise ones environmental awareness 提高某人的環(huán)保意識make proper use of water resources 合理利用水資源save and treasure our resources 節(jié)約并珍惜我們的資源take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事take responsibility for/be responsible for . 對負責任call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 號召/呼吁某人做某事1Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有時候，微笑會如此有力量以至于它給遭受災難的人以巨大的勇氣。2The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disaster­stricken areas.這個國家已經(jīng)為災區(qū)無家可歸的人們提供了食品和衣物。3Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結果，水源被嚴重污染。4. The more wild animals we kill, the more debts we will pay in the future.我們殺的野生動物越多，我們將來要還的債就越多。5Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.意識到霧霾造成的嚴重危害和保護環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。6Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.因此，不難得出結論：人們越來越意識到環(huán)境保護的重要性了。7It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.眾所周知，由于全球變暖，全球水資源短缺(問題)正變得日益嚴重。8All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.所有動植物都是重要的，因為每一物種都有助于地球上生命種類的多樣性的形成，而且對維持生命起到了重要的作用。9With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我們的城市，隨著汽車數(shù)量的快速增長，我們的環(huán)境正急劇惡化。10There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動所致。(2016·濟寧高三二模)上周日，你班開展以“美化城市環(huán)境，倡導低碳生活”為宗旨的志愿者活動?；顒觾?nèi)容包括：上午去郊區(qū)植樹；下午去廣場宣傳，分發(fā)傳單。請你就這個活動為校報寫一篇題為“A Voluntary Activity”的短文。內(nèi)容包括：1活動內(nèi)容、宗旨；2對同學的影響以及你的評價。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3開頭和結尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：傳單 leaflet A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity，_Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.范文必背A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, the theme of which is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a low­carbon lifestyle.In the morning, we went to plant trees in the suburbs.We worked in cooperation. Some dug holes, some carried and planted trees, and the others watered them. In the afternoon, we went to the Peoples Square to hand out leaflets, raising peoples awareness of environmental protection. Most of the students think highly of the activity, which will surely have a positive effect on our daily life.As far as Im concerned, its everyones duty to protect the environment. As long as there is the possibility of saving our planet, do take action now before it is too late. Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.佳句演練(1)用whose引導的定語從句改寫句Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, whose_theme is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.(2)根據(jù)句仿寫句子As_long_as_you_dont_betray_me,_Ill do whatever you ask me to (do)只要你不出賣我，要我做什么我都愿意。 10