Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World一、語基必備知識(一)重點詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認識的詞匯前劃monster n footprint n.creature n. grey adj.journal n. sighting n.mysterious adj. surface n.dive vi. sceptical adj.extinct adj. evolve vi.fierce adj. generous adj.unpredictable adj. border n.myth n. positive adj.核心詞匯寫其形1attack vt. 襲擊；攻擊2sharp adj. 鋒利的；尖的3claim vt. 聲稱4calm adj. 平靜的5cover vt. 占地(多大面積)6reputation n. 名譽；名聲7indicate vt. 象征；暗示8identity n. 身份；特性.拓展詞匯通其變1fright n害怕frighten vt.使害怕frightening adj.嚇人的frightened adj.害怕的；受驚的2exist vi.存在existence n存在3unlikely adj.不可能的likely adj.可能的4adapt vi.適應(yīng)；適合adaptation n適應(yīng)；改編，改寫5disappear vi.不見；消失appear vi.出現(xiàn)(反義詞)6destroy v破壞destruction n毀壞destructive adj.破壞性的7fortune n運氣；命運；財富fortunate adj.幸運的fortunately adv.幸運地1.由calm所想到的cool adj. 冷靜的quiet adj. 安靜的still adj. 不動的silent adj. 沉默的2.“五顏六色”大世界grey灰色的pink 粉色的brown 褐色的purple 紫色的yellow 黃色的3.fortune“一家人”misfortune n厄運fortunate adj. 幸運的unfortunate adj. 不幸的fortunately adv. 幸運地unfortunately adv. 不幸地 (二)重點短語記牢用活1die_out滅絕2cut_off 阻擋；切斷3throw_light_on/upon 幫助弄清楚；闡明某事4come_straight_to_the_point 談?wù)}；開門見山5due_to 由于；因造成6get_close_to 接近；靠近7stick_out 突出；伸出8adapt_to 適應(yīng)1light相關(guān)短語薈萃throw light on/upon幫助弄清楚；闡明某事；照亮bring.to light 揭露；披露come to light 為人所知see the light 恍然大悟2“喜歡”短語集錦go for 選擇；喜歡be fond of愛好；喜愛be keen on 熱衷于；喜愛 care for 關(guān)心；喜歡go in for 愛好；喜歡 (三)重點句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：動詞不定式的完成式：to have done He claims to_have_seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他聲稱看見一個黑黑的、圓圓的動物在水中快速游動。句型2：be unlikely to do sth.做某事是不可能的They say that the low­temperature lake is_unlikely_to_be_able_to_support such large living creatures. 他們說，水溫這樣低的湖泊不可能生存有體型如此巨大的動物。句型3：beof名詞Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of_a_different_colour. 也允許皇室的其他成員穿帶有龍標志的袍子，但袍子上龍的爪子少了并且顏色也不同。二、語境強化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當形式A根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1Jamie keeps having a positive(積極的) attitude and running after his goals.2The older a person is, the slower it will be for him to adapt(適應(yīng)) to changes.3He is a well­respected teacher and has won a good reputation(名聲) for all he has done for the kids.4Ms. Alice is considered a generous(慷慨的) lady by us, for she often helps the poor people.5In China, children are given lucky money in a red envelope to bring good fortune(運氣) in the New Year.B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當形式6A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction(destroy) of the rainforests.7The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering(cover) the desert.8She didnt really see her attacker(attack)9This knife is hard to cut something in two, and it needs sharpening(sharpen)10Mrs.Green didnt realise there was a gap existing(exist) between her and her son.語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019·全國卷) When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.攻擊；抨擊2(2019·全國卷) Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？聲譽3a.(2019·江蘇卷) Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat­eating animals.鋒利的b(福建卷)Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.(角度、變化等)急劇的；明顯的.選詞成篇stick out; be sceptical about; be related to; throw light on/upon; die outThere exists a problem why so many species have 1.died_out. As for it, some scientists think it 2.is_related_to extreme climate change, while others 3.are_sceptical_about it. However, neither side can help 4.throw_light_on/upon the real reason. Hopefully, with the development of science and technology, the real reason will come to light.close to; come straight to the point; cut off; go for; due toI like reading and 5.go_for travelling, because by travelling I can relax myself and get 6.close_to nature. Once I visited a mountainous village, which is almost 7.cut_off from the outside world. 8.Due_to the fact that the scenery there was amazingly beautiful, I stayed for almost a month.完成語段He 1.is_said_to_have_made_great_progress(據(jù)說取得了很大進步) in the past weeks. As far as he is concerned, one who doesnt work hard 2.is_unlikely_to_succeed(不可能成功). Therefore, 3.his_friends_of_different_kinds(他不同類型的朋友) are willing to learn from him., existvi.存在，生存，生活，繼續(xù)存在基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money hes earning.(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing(exist) relationships.(2019·江蘇卷) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist). 能力提升完成句子有一個解決現(xiàn)存的交通堵塞問題的好辦法。There_exists a good solution to the existing traffic congestion problem.關(guān)于一開始宇宙是如何產(chǎn)生的，科學(xué)家們有多種論說。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came_into_existence/came_into_being (1)exist in在于exist onlive on 靠生存There exist(s) . 有(2)existence n. 存在；實有；生活；生活方式come into existence 出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生(3)existing adj. 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的 名師點津(1)exist只用作不及物動詞，因此沒有被動語態(tài)，且通常不用于進行時。(2)There exist(s).表示“存在，有”， there不能換成it。 claimv聲稱；主張；認領(lǐng)；索賠；(疾病，意外)奪去(生命)n聲明；聲稱基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空So far nobody has_claimed(claim) the money discovered in the library.a.There are a number of products and technologies that claim to_provide(provide) these benefits. bFishermen and sailors claimed to_have_seen(see) monsters in the sea. 能力提升完成句子據(jù)說幽默不僅影響病人的情緒，而且還有助于病人快速康復(fù)。It_is_claimed_that humor not only affects patients moods, but also helps them recover faster. (1)claim to do./that.聲稱/主張做claim to have done sth. 聲稱做過某事It is claimed that. 據(jù)說(2)make a claim for. 要求；對提出賠償要求 佳句背誦 Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.在過去的100年中，地震奪去了超過160萬人的生命。 adaptv(使)適應(yīng)；改編基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.The movie that had been adapted for children was adapted from a novel. b(江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.a.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)bMike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.能力提升完成句子/句式升級(普通表達)The culture made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to(使得他很難適應(yīng)) the new environment abroad. (高級表達)It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad.(強調(diào)句) (1)adapt to適應(yīng)adapt oneself to(adjust oneself to) 使自己適應(yīng)(2)adapt.from. 根據(jù)改編adapt.for. 改編為用(3)adaptable adj. 有適應(yīng)能力的；可修改的adaptation n. 適應(yīng)；改編；改寫本 名師點津比較adapt和adoptapt適當?shù)腶dapt根義(使)適合多義使適應(yīng)改編，改寫opt選擇adopt根義選取多義采用收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng) fortunen運氣；命運；財富基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空I had the good fortune to_be_chosen(choose) for a trip abroad.a.(北京卷)We are fortunate(fortune)that in such a large, high­pressure office we all get along so well. b(2018·全國卷)Fortunately(fortune), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.能力提升根據(jù)提示完成小片段In the 1980s, Tom went to the south to_try_his_fortune(碰運氣)But he made_no_fortune(沒有發(fā)財)It_was_fortunate(幸運的是) that he met with a boss who fed pigs. With his help, Tom made_his_fortune(發(fā)財) later by feeding pigs. (1)make a fortune發(fā)財seek ones fortune 尋找出路try ones fortune 碰運氣(2)fortunate adj. 幸運的，運氣好的be fortunate in doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事(3)fortunately adv. 幸運地 名師點津fortune作“機會，運氣”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“財產(chǎn)”講時，為可數(shù)名詞。 due to因為；應(yīng)支付；歸功于 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(2018·江蘇卷)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.a.The English version of the novel is due to be_published(publish) next year.bThe bus should have arrived at 5 pm., but it arrived one hour late due to being_held(hold) up by the heavy fog.能力提升詞匯升級(普通表達)Because of my English teachers help, my English scores are always on the top of my class. (陜西卷)(高級表達)Due_to/Thanks_to my English teachers help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.be due to sb.應(yīng)付給某人；歸因于某人be due to do sth. 預(yù)定/預(yù)期做某事 佳句背誦 The meeting was due to start at 4, however, it had to be put off to 5 due to bad weather.會議預(yù)計4點開始，然而，由于惡劣的天氣不得不推遲到5點。名師點津 (1)當due to意為“由于；因造成；應(yīng)給予”時，其中的to是介詞，并且在句中常常作表語或狀語；當due to意為“即將/預(yù)期做”時后接不定式。(2) 表示原因的介詞短語有：due to, because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。動詞不定式的完成式(教材原句)He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他聲稱看見一個黑黑的、圓圓的動物在水中快速游動。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(福建卷)To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to_take(take) Chinese folk music as an elective course.(陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to_have_sailed(sail) on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.The boy pretended to_be_concentrating(concentrate) on his lesson, but in fact his mind was wandering.能力提升完成句子(全國卷)我非常抱歉，給你帶來這么多不便。Im terribly sorry to_have_caused_so_much_inconvenience_to_you (1)不定式的一般式為to do，表示動作與主句謂語動詞表示的動作同一時間發(fā)生或動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之后。(2)不定式的進行式為to be doing，表示動作與主句謂語動詞表示的動作同一時間發(fā)生，并且動作正在進行。(3)不定式的完成式為to have done，表示動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前。 佳句背誦 She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record.她對自己參加比賽并打破了紀錄感到自豪。維度一在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1He said they did not want war with anyone, but if attacked(attack) they would fight to the death.2The bell indicating(indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.3The university, covering(cover) an area of 100 square kilometers, is surrounded with trees and flowers. 4The police seem to_have_found(find) the new evidence of his crime, which made him very worried.5If a nuclear war ever breaks out, many people will be unlikely to_survive(survive)維度二在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~1(福建卷)The water shortage is severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever­increasing population.2Since Mr.Smith took over the firm last month, he has adapted to the busy schedule.3Theres no point in beating around the bush. Lets come straight to the point.4The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.5Although Jack has made good preparations for the match, he is still sceptical about his chance of winning.維度三派生詞練習(xí)1To his fright,_the frightening scene frightened the other frightened children into crying. (frighten)2Fortunately,_he came to the new island safely. It was also fortunate for him to make his fortune here. (fortune)3People destroy forests and rivers for their own benefit. Their destructive activities are likely to cause the destruction of the earth. (destroy)4There exists an old hospital at the corner, but no one knows when it came into existence(exist)5Its easy to identify the victim but its identity is kept secret.(identity)維度四完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1當你去外國時，你必須使自己適應(yīng)新的習(xí)俗。(adapt)When you go to a foreign country, you must adapt_yourself_to_new_customs2目前有一個解決現(xiàn)存問題的好辦法。(exist)There_exists_a_good_way_to_solve_the_existing_problem at present.3這項工程由于缺乏資金而不得不放棄。(due to)The project had to be abandoned due_to_a_lack_of_money4Its said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages.The book is said to_have_been_translated into several foreign languages.提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)The 1.existence(exist) of rare animals is believed to have made our world lively and 2.colorful(color). However, some research 3.indicates(indicate) that some animals are dying 4.out. In my opinion, they go extinct mainly not only because they 5.are_attacked(attack), 6.but also because they cant adapt 7.to the changing environment which is due to human activities. As we all know, many hunters exist on 8.hunting(hunt) animals and even destroy their habitats9.to_make(make) a fortune. Now, to our relief, the government claims 10.to_have_taken(take) effective measures to protect the animals.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)百慕大三角神秘莫測，關(guān)于它的傳說數(shù)不勝數(shù)。請你按以下寫作要點介紹一個神秘事件：1981年一艘載有6名水手的船在百慕大三角神秘消失；8年后這艘船在同一地方再次出現(xiàn)；無人能解釋原因。1補全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)百慕大三角是世界上最變化莫測的地方之一，有許多關(guān)于百慕大三角的神秘事件。There_have_existed_many_mysteries in Bermuda Triangle, one of the_most_unpredictable_places in the world.1981年，一艘載有6名水手的船在經(jīng)過百慕大三角時突然消失了，這使得人們很害怕。In 1981, a boat with six sailors disappeared_suddenly when passing the Bermuda Triangle, and it made_people_frightened每個人都懷疑他們是否有幸活著。Everyone was_sceptical_whether_they_were_fortunate_to_be_alive八年后這艘船在同一個地方再次出現(xiàn)，船上的6名水手仍然活著。The boat appeared_a_second_time eight years later in the same spot, with all the six sailors alive on board.他們聲稱他們不可能曾經(jīng)失蹤，因為對于他們而言，八年只是一會兒。They claimed_that_they_were_unlikely_to_have_been_lost,_because to them, eight years was just a moment. 直到現(xiàn)在沒有任何證據(jù)能幫助弄清楚這個謎。No evidence has_thrown_light_on_the_mystery so far. 2升級平淡句用非限制性定語從句升級句In_1981,_a_boat_with_six_sailors_disappeared_suddenly_when_passing_the_Bermuda_Triangle,_which_made_people_frightened.用主語從句升級句It_is_claimed_that_they_were_unlikely_to_have_been_lost,_because_to_them,_eight_years_was_just_a_moment.3銜接成美文(注意用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：surprisingly)_One possible version：There have existed many mysteries in Bermuda Triangle, one of the most unpredictable places in the world.In 1981, a boat with six sailors disappeared suddenly when passing the Bermuda Triangle, which made people frightened. Everyone was sceptical whether they were fortunate to be alive. Surprisingly, the boat appeared a second time eight years later in the same spot, with all the six sailors alive on board. It is claimed that they were unlikely to have been lost, because to them, eight years was just a moment. No evidence has thrown light on the mystery so far. (建議用時：40分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020·武漢調(diào)研)The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.Then he heard his mothers call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。小男孩坐在電腦前，冥思苦想地進行寫作。他參加的是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作比賽，可是怎么也想不出寫作主題。好一會兒后，他茅塞頓開，快速敲擊鍵盤，可是等到他寫好文章準備提交時，頁面上卻顯示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。1What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?AA new computer.BThe prize money.CHis own interest.DHis moms encouragement.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的媽媽鼓勵他參加寫作比賽，現(xiàn)在他把寫作作為假期的個人任務(wù)；據(jù)此可知，他參加寫作比賽是他媽媽鼓勵的，故D項正確。2How did the boy finish his earlier writing?AHis mom helped him.BHe copied others ideas.CHis friends assisted him.DHe used his imagination.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前寫的每一個故事都是以其他故事為基礎(chǔ)；據(jù)此可知，以前寫作時，他總是仿照別人的故事寫，故B項正確。3Why did the boy delay his writing?ABecause he was terribly lazy.BBecause he didnt know what to write.CBecause he wasnt confident.DBecause he read too many stories.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的內(nèi)容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was.He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒數(shù)第五段尾句“He had to.write.”可知，想象力是寫作的關(guān)鍵，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道寫什么，所以他延誤了寫作時間，故B項正確。4Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?A100.B250.C500.D1，000.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read 498”可知，他寫了498個詞，終于完成了；結(jié)合第八段第一句“Perfect， he thought，just under the word limit.”可知，他認為太完美了，剛好低于限定的詞數(shù)；據(jù)此可以判斷，文章的最高限定詞數(shù)可能為500，故C項正確。B(2020·南昌重點中學(xué)段考)Learning New Vocabulary During Deep SleepSleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time.This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, eg. for learning a new language. Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wake­learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds(嵌入) the newly acquired information in the pre­existing store of knowledge.If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake­learned information, then first­play, i. e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep.The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells active states, the so­called “Up­states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up­state” and the inactive state “Down­state”. The two states alternate(交替) about every half­second.New evidence for sleep­learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated(被概括的) mental state, in which we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, co­first­author. “In how far and with what co