二、觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題(2018·浙江，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo，theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線(xiàn)) onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture：theroadsidediner，thebillboard，themotel，eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury，thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmericangoingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel，theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas，bornofabundantpetrol，cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem，thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過(guò)度的) energyconsumption，climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。其主題是“人與社會(huì)”，介紹了美國(guó)經(jīng)典的“汽車(chē)文化”，它對(duì)美國(guó)各方面的影響是巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的。汽車(chē)給美國(guó)人民帶來(lái)便利的同時(shí)，也帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題，例如能源的過(guò)度消耗、氣候變化以及污染等。素材的選擇旨在向考生傳遞一種科學(xué)的世界觀(guān)：看待事物一定要一分為二，分析利弊，趨利避害，利用事物好的方面為人類(lèi)服務(wù)。28.WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericanslovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmericasroadsystem.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture.eventhehamburger.”可知，汽車(chē)塑造了某些最持久的美國(guó)文化，其中就包括漢堡。由此可知，汽車(chē)對(duì)于漢堡文化的形成，影響是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及漢堡，就是為了表明汽車(chē)對(duì)于美國(guó)文化有相當(dāng)大的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驅(qū)動(dòng)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的汽車(chē)導(dǎo)致了全球性的生態(tài)災(zāi)難，即汽車(chē)的使用引起了環(huán)境問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。30.WhatisFriedmansattitudetowardsAmericasfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.答案C解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國(guó)保持實(shí)力的一個(gè)機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。一、題型解讀所謂作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，就是表達(dá)作者對(duì)某個(gè)話(huà)題、行為、事件的看法、感覺(jué)或判斷。作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類(lèi)：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀(guān)；客觀(guān)、中立；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀(guān)。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類(lèi)試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的態(tài)度、觀(guān)點(diǎn)或看法，或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：1.Whatsthewritersattitudetowards.?2.Whatistheauthorsopinionon.?3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout.?二、解題技巧“忠于措辭”定選項(xiàng)1.文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辭。(1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者或文中人物的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。(2)留意那些描寫(xiě)所處氛圍的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀(guān)點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)或句子。(3)結(jié)合平時(shí)所積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。(4)關(guān)注首段首尾句，推斷文章主題，確定作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)。2.要分清選項(xiàng)中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)，再以此對(duì)照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)：(1)表示支持或肯定的詞語(yǔ)favorable贊同的，有利的；positive積極的，肯定的，確實(shí)的；supportive支持的；approval贊成，正式批準(zhǔn)；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic熱情的等。(2)表示反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)critical批評(píng)的；negative否定的，消極的；disapproval不贊成；impractical不實(shí)際的；radical激進(jìn)的；prejudiced有成見(jiàn)的，偏頗的等。例如：【真題感悟】中第30題，根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì)) isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國(guó)保持實(shí)力的一個(gè)機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。A(2019·如皋市高三二模)Oursocietyisgenerallybecomingoneof6giantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall，well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages，Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic，andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts；yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless，thatheisboredwithit.Infact，theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob，butalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthe1fundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsome10respects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob，theyaretestedfor2intelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofobedienceandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists，forwhomtestingisabigbusiness，andbytheirsuperiors，whojudgetheirbehavior，sociability，capacitytogetalong，etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanonesfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress，theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism？Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesthoseofallloveandofreasonaretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend，andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文。人們的工作和生活條件在逐漸變好，但人在社會(huì)中卻變得無(wú)足輕重。雇員憂(yōu)慮的不僅是失業(yè)，還因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法獲得生活的真正樂(lè)趣，生活在各種各樣的憂(yōu)慮與壓力之中，才無(wú)幸?？裳?。因此作者建議將社會(huì)體系由一個(gè)以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系過(guò)渡到一個(gè)以充分發(fā)揮人的潛能為其全部社會(huì)工作之目的的人道主義產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis.A.anecessarypartthoughthefunctionofeachisinsignificantB.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsocietyC.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsocietyD.anirreplaceablecomponentofsocietywhenworkingsmoothly答案C解析推理判斷題。文章第一段指出，人成了社會(huì)大機(jī)器中微小的、潤(rùn)滑良好的齒輪，高工資和通風(fēng)良好的廠(chǎng)房便是潤(rùn)滑油，但事實(shí)上人是無(wú)能為力的，藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人和白領(lǐng)階層都是毫無(wú)自主權(quán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)傀儡。由此推斷，雖然工作生活條件不錯(cuò)，但人在社會(huì)中卻是無(wú)足輕重的，故選C。2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat.A.theyaremorelikelytolosetheirpresentworkB.theyhavenorealsatisfactionorinterestinlifeC.theyareconfrontedwiththefundamentalrealitiesD.theyaredeprivedofindividualityandindependence答案D解析推理判斷題。文章第二段點(diǎn)明了工人和雇員憂(yōu)慮的原因，分析上下文可知，其真正原因是情感與理智上獨(dú)立的個(gè)體、富有創(chuàng)造性的人的生存狀態(tài)被忽視，分析選項(xiàng)可知，A和B只是部分原因，不全面；C項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相悖。故選D項(xiàng)。3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose.A.whoalwaysliveatthebottomofthesocietyB.whotendtobehigherupintheirsocialstatusC.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitorsD.whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld答案D解析推理判斷題。由文章第二、三段可知，社會(huì)底層者、社會(huì)上層者和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的勝利者都無(wú)法脫離充滿(mǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的生存環(huán)境，因而都生活在各種各樣的憂(yōu)慮與壓力之中，所以都無(wú)幸?？裳?，只有遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)的人才可能獲得幸福，故選D。4.Theauthorsattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof.A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.sensibility答案B解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章最后一段提到，作者建議將社會(huì)體系由官僚主義下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系過(guò)渡到人道主義的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，由此可知，作者對(duì)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的態(tài)度是不滿(mǎn)的。dissatisfaction不滿(mǎn)意。故選B。B(2019·南京高三三模)Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone，theycanrecognisethe3significantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.11Whenwehavelostthis7capacityasadults，itbecomesenormouslydifficultto4distinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000，butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoisesthephonemes(音素) ofalanguageeachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovague5distinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydothey8shiftovertime？Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.Wedratherthinkoflanguageastheproductofourthought，ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.9Inreality，though，anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Huntergathererlanguagesseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齒音)thosesuchasfandvthataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem，forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming，theseconsonants(輔音) aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway，theyneedtochewmuchless，andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音) ones：oneexampleisthatfcametotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers (unlesstheyreRees-Moggs) say“father”.Beyondtheseparticularchanges，thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual：speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning，andthemeaningcantexistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical，asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws，andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo，asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.12Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage，buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk，evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate (味覺(jué)).語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要敘述了人們一直以來(lái)認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言是思想的產(chǎn)物，但是有新的研究表明飲食對(duì)于語(yǔ)言也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些影響。且以f和v的發(fā)音為例，揭示了農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。同時(shí)這也強(qiáng)調(diào)了人類(lèi)特有的一切都是物質(zhì)和精神的結(jié)合：語(yǔ)言必須把聲音和意義結(jié)合起來(lái)，沒(méi)有真實(shí)的物體，意義就不可能存在或傳播。5.Comparedwithadults，babiescouldmoreeasily.A.createsignificantnoisesB.classifytheformsofnoisesC.understandtheGreeklanguageD.distinguishmeaningfulsounds答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Bytheageofone，theycanrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知，一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識(shí)別出周?chē)闹匾曇簦蔬xD。6.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A.Lipsandteeth.B.Jobsandhabits.C.Ageandregions.D.Foodandthinking.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的diet，productofthought和“Inreality，though，anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.”可知，食物和思想都有助于塑造語(yǔ)言。因此答案選擇D。7.Thereasonforfarmersmakingsoundsof“f”and“v”is.A.enjoyingmorecookedfoodsB.bitingmorewithfrontteethC.constantlychewingharderfoodsD.growingupwithlagerlowerjaws答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知，農(nóng)民比狩獵采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即農(nóng)民們發(fā)“f”和“v”音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。故選A。8.Bywritingthispassage，theauthorintendstoreveal.A.jawshelpshapeourthoughtB.fooddeterminesourthoughtC.diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD.languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning答案C解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”和文章最后的“FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate (味覺(jué)).”可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章想要揭示的是：飲食對(duì)語(yǔ)言有一定的影響，故選C。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的意思1.Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.根本的，基礎(chǔ)的2.Useyourintelligence，andyouaresuretoachievesomething.聰明才智3.TheelevatorsroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.重要的4.Beforebirth，babiescandistinguishtheirmothersvoicefromthatofafemalestranger.分辨5.Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.區(qū)別，區(qū)分(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換6.Itcomesasasurprisetolearnthatgiantfishareterrifyingthe drivers.huge/big/large7.Wecantimaginehowpowerfulachildscapacityforlearningis.ability8.Weneedtoshiftthefocusofthedebate.change9.Outwardlysheseemedconfidentbutinrealityshefeltextremelynervous.in(actual)fact/ineffect/intruth/actually/asa matteroffact(三)一詞多義10.respectvt.尊敬；尊重；遵守n.尊敬；尊重；問(wèn)候；關(guān)系；方面(1)Tomisreallygoodatcomputer.Hehasnosuperiorinthisrespect.n.方面(2)Shehasalwaysbeenhonestwithme，andIrespectherforthat.vt.敬重(3)Intheworldeveryoneisequalandeveryoneshouldrespectthelaw.vt.遵守(4)Friendshipisbuiltuponrespectforeachother.n.尊重(5)Givemyrespectstoyourparents.n.問(wèn)候，致意.長(zhǎng)難句理解11.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults，itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；thatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。精美譯文當(dāng)我們作為成年人失去這種能力時(shí)，要區(qū)分截然不同于母語(yǔ)者的聲音就變得相當(dāng)困難。12.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage，buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.句式分析本句話(huà)是but連接的兩個(gè)并列句；在前一分句中Whatweeat是主語(yǔ)從句；在后一分句中howweeat是主語(yǔ)從句；howwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句。精美譯文我們所吃的食物可能已經(jīng)塑造了我們語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音，但是我們吃的方式改變了我們的感覺(jué)和我們用語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)的東西。強(qiáng)化練(二十).單項(xiàng)填空1.Onlythehopethattherescuersweregettingnearerthetrappedminers.(2019·蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考)A.suspendedB.subscribedC.sustainedD.suspected答案C解析考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：救援者越來(lái)越近，這唯一的希望支撐著深陷井下的礦工們(生存的信念)。suspend懸，掛；subscribe訂閱；sustain維持，支撐；suspect懷疑。分析句子可知，thattherescuersweregettingnearer為同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明hope，根據(jù)句意，希望支撐著礦工，故選C。2.ItisevidentthatJameshasmadeasimplemistakeinhisjob，butdontscoldhimtoomuch；heisagreenhand.(2019·海安縣高三期末)A.bycontrastB.moreofC.atrandomD.atbest答案D解析bycontrast相比之下；moreof更大程度上的；atrandom任意地；atbest最多，充其量。句意為：很明顯，詹姆斯在工作中犯了一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤，但不要過(guò)于責(zé)備他，他充其量就是個(gè)新手。故D項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatdoyouthinkofhersuggestion?，itwouldbemuchmoresensibletotalkaboutitlater.A.UsuallyB.GenerallyC.ActuallyD.Exactly答案C解析考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為：你覺(jué)得她的建議怎么樣？事實(shí)上，稍后再談?wù)撨@件事情會(huì)更明智一些。usually通常地，平常地；generally普遍地，廣泛地；exactly恰好，精確地；actually事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上，一般用于說(shuō)明個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者糾正他人觀(guān)點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Ihadmycomputerstoleninmyoffice，butluckilythepolicegotitbacktome.Howunbelievable！Thethiefit.A.needhavesoldB.mighthavesoldC.shouldhavesoldD.musthavesold答案B解析考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：我的電腦在辦公室被偷了，但幸運(yùn)的是警察把它還給了我。難以置信！小偷本來(lái)可能賣(mài)掉它的。mighthavedone在句中表示過(guò)去本可能發(fā)生但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。故選B。5.tofindingwaystomakemusicaccessibletoallchildrenisMsThompsonwithatouringcompanyofprofessionalmusicians.A.DevotingB.DevotedC.BeingdevotedD.Havingbeendevoted答案B解析考查固定搭配和倒裝。固定搭配：bedevotedtodoing.?；謴?fù)成正常語(yǔ)序是MsThompsonisdevotedtofindingwaystomakemusicaccessibletoallchildren.，把be動(dòng)詞后面的部分提前就變成了devotedto.is.，選B。6.Andwhathaveyougottosay?ThereisonepointIdlikeyouradvice.(2019·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that答案C解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：你有什么要說(shuō)的？有個(gè)我想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你建議的地方。先行詞為point，從句中不缺主謂賓，所以關(guān)系詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。故C項(xiàng)正確。7.Thereisonlyonewaytoobtainhappinessandthatistoworryingaboutthingswhicharebeyondthepowerofourwill.A.ceaseB.recallC.acknowledgeD.guarantee答案A解析考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：獲得幸福的唯一方法就是停止擔(dān)心超越我們意志力的事情。cease停止；recall回憶；acknowledge承認(rèn)；guarantee保證。根據(jù)句意可知，選A項(xiàng)。8.Thepolicehaveanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.A.appealedtoB.attendedtoC.respondedtoD.attachedto答案A解析appealto呼吁；attendto出席，參加；respondto做出反應(yīng)；attachto附屬于。句意為：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來(lái)與他們交談。由句意知選A。9.Membershipofthisclubisopentothosewhoareitsaim.A.insalutetoB.inhonourofC.inlinewithD.insympathywith答案D解析句意為：這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部的會(huì)員對(duì)那些贊同其宗旨的人開(kāi)放。insaluteto向致意，贊揚(yáng)；inhonourof為紀(jì)念，為慶祝；inlinewith跟一致，符合；insympathywith贊同，和一致。根據(jù)句意，故選D。10.Whatwouldyouliketodothisweekend?.Itsuptoyou.(2019·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三聯(lián)考)A.WhateverB.DefinitelyC.GoaheadD.Goodidea答案A解析考查情景交際。Whatever無(wú)論什么；Definitely明確地；Goahead前進(jìn)；Goodidea好主意。句意為：這個(gè)周末你想做什么？做什么都可以。由你決定。故選A。.閱讀理解AHigh-sugardietsraiserisksforheartdisease，obesityanddiabetes，butwedolovethesweets，sohealthexpertshavetriedtosuggestalternatives，andhoneyhasbeenforemostamongthem.Honeyisactuallysweeterthansugaris，whichmeans，intheoryatleast，thatyoucouldenhanceflavorequallywithasmallerquantityofhoney.Buthoneyactuallyhasahighercaloriecount.Itmayhavemoreminerals，whichlooksbetteronalabelbut，inreality，thesearesuchtraceamountsthattheydontofferanyrealadvantages.Honeysreputationasamedicineisnotwhollyunfounded.Somehoneydoesindeedhaveantibacterialproperties.Onebyproductofenzymesinhoneyishydrogenperoxide，apowerfulgermkiller.Plus，honeystextureandconsistencyaregoodforkeepingwoundsclean，andbadforbugsthatmightwanttoinfectthem.Honeyismoistanditsgooeyconsistencymeansitcaneasilyspreadoverandstayoverwoundswhilekeepingthetissuefrombecomingdryandfragile.Thestickysubstancemeansbacteriacannotaccumulateandmultiplyeasily.Itisparticularlywell-knownforfightingbacterialikestaph，salmonella，E.Coliandcertainbacteriathatcaninfectthegutandcauseulcers.However，scientistscanonlysaythisforsureaboutMakunaandMalaysianTualanghoney.Wedontknowyetwhetherlocalhomegrownhoneyhasthesamepotencyorsafety.Ahotcupofteawithsomehoneystirredincertainlysoundslikeitwouldmakeyoufeelbetter.Butitsdifficulttosayforsurethatitwill.Whenyouhaveacold，contactwithwarmwater (fromtea) mayhelptobustupphlegm(痰)thatblocksyourairways.Butsomesuspecttherealsecrettothequalitiesofacuppaisinthehoney.Therearestudiesthatsuggestthathoneydoesworkaswellorbetterthancoughsuppressant(抑制性的)drugslikeRobitussin.Mostofthese，however，wereconsideredbytheacademicworldtobewidelymisinterpretedbythemedia.Oneofthefindingsthatseemedtohavegiventhehoneytrendsomeadditionallegscamefromastudythatsaidtherewas“nodifference”，statisticallyspeaking，betweenhoneyandoneparticularcoughsuppressant.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Honeyhasmoremineralsthansugar.B.Honeycanbeusedtotreatwounds.C.Thesweetnessinhoneycanfightbacteria.D.Allkindsofhoneycanactasmedicines.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Plus，honeystextureandconsistencyaregoodforkeepingwoundsclean，andbadforbugsthatmightwanttoinfectthem.”可知，蜂蜜可以用來(lái)治療傷口。故選B。12.Whatistheauthorsattitudewhenitcomestothefunctionsofhoney?A.Objective.B.Critical.C.Supportive.D.Skeptical.答案A解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Therearestudiesthatsuggestthathoneydoesworkaswellorbetterthancoughsuppressant(抑制性的)drugslikeRobitussin.”和第六段第一句“Mostofthese，however，wereconsideredbytheacademicworldtobewidelymisinterpretedbythemedia.”可知，作者對(duì)蜂蜜的作用持客觀(guān)的態(tài)度。故選A。13.Whatmightbetalkedaboutnext?A.Honeywillbewidelyusedinotherfields.B.Honeywillnotberecommendedinmedicaltreatmentanymore.C.Otherstudiesshowedhoneyworkedbetterthansomecoughmedicines.D.Otherstudiesshowedneitherhoneynorsomecoughmedicinesfunctionedwell.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Oneofthefindingsthatseemedtohavegiventhehoneytrendsomeadditionallegscamefromastudythatsaidtherewasnodifference，statisticallyspeaking，betweenhoneyandoneparticularcoughsuppressant.”可知，文章接下來(lái)講述的應(yīng)該是“蜂蜜將不再被推薦用于醫(yī)療?！惫蔬xB。B(2019·蘇州高三期中)Whetheryousurviveacardiacarrestmaydepend，atleastinpart，onwhichemergencymedicalservices (EMS) agencyshowsuptotreatyou，anewstudysuggests.ResearchersfoundawidevariationincardiacarrestsurvivalratesdependingonwhichEMSagencyprovidedinitialtreatment，accordingtothestudypublishedinJAMACardiology.Theoddsofsurvivingtohospitaldischarge(出院)couldvarybymorethan50percentfortwosimilarpatientstreatedbytworandomlyselectedEMSagencies.“WefoundlargeoutcomevariationsbetweenEMSagenciesthatcomeafteracardiacarrestevenafteradjustingformanyfactors，”saidleadauthorMasashiOkubo，aninstructorofemergencymedicineattheUniversityofPittsburgh.ThestudydidnotrevealwhysomeEMSagenciesdidbetterthanothers，however.“Weneedtodetermineinfutureresearchwhataretheunderlyingfactors，”O(jiān)kubosaid.Cardiacarrest“istheabruptlossofheartfunction，andifappropriatestepsarenottakenimmediately，itmostoftenisfatal，”explainedGreggFonarow，aprofessorofcardiovascularmedicineandscienceattheDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Healsoisco-directoroftheUCLAPreventiveCardiologyProgram.“EachyearintheUnitedStates，morethan350,000cardiacarrestsoccuroutsidethehospitalsetting.”Altogether，theresearchersstudied43,656patientstreatedfrom2011to2015by112EMSagencies.Whentheylookedathowmanypatientssurvivedlongenoughtobedischargedfromthehospital，variationsamongagencieswerequitelarge：theworstperformingagencyhad0survivorsoutof36patientstreated，or0percent，ascomparedwith66survivorsoutof228patientstreated，ornearly30percent，forthebest-performingagency.Thepatternwassimilarwhenitcametorecoveryoffunctionbythetimeapatientwasdischargedfromthehospital.Theworstperformingagencyinthiscategoryhadfavorablefunctionalrecoveryin0outof87patients，whilethebesthadfavorablefunctionalrecoveryin11outof54patients，or20percent.“Thesefindingssuggesttheremaybeimportantdifferencesinth