Unit 4 Sharing(一)課前自主學習.閱讀單詞知其意1fortnight n兩星期2muddy adj. 泥濘的；泥土般的3textbook n. 教科書；課本4rectangle n. 矩形；長方形5rectangular adj. 長方形的；矩形的6broom n. 掃帚7sniff vt.&vi. 嗅；聞；用鼻子吸8interpreter n. 作口譯的人9grill n. 烤架；大平底鍋v. 燒烤；炙烤 10evil n. 邪惡；罪惡 adj. 邪惡的11paperwork n. 文書工作12toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯13astronaut n. 宇航員；太空人14financial adj. 財務(wù)的；金融的；財政的15catalogue n. 目錄16trunk n. 樹干；軀干；大衣箱17click vi.&vt. (使)發(fā)出咔嗒聲n. 咔嗒聲.重點單詞寫其形1platform n. 臺；平臺；講臺；(火車站的)月臺2economic adj. 經(jīng)濟的；經(jīng)濟學的3concept n. 觀念；概念4relevant adj. 有關(guān)的；切題的5otherwise conj. 否則；不然adv. 用別的方法；其他方面6purchase vt.&n. 買；購買7privilege n. 特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待8weekly adj.&adv. 每周(的)9remote adj. 遙遠的；偏僻的10weed n. 雜草；野草vt.& vi. 除雜草.拓展單詞通其變1adjust vi.& vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合adjustable adj.可調(diào)整的；可調(diào)節(jié)的adjustment n調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應縱聯(lián)12participate vi.參與；參加participation n參加；參與participant n參與者；參加者3arrangement n安排；排列；整理arrange v安排；排列；整理4donate vt.捐贈donation n捐贈；捐獻donator n捐贈者5voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；無償?shù)膙olunteer n自(志)愿者 vi.自(志)愿做6political adj.政治的；政黨的politics n政治7distribute vt.分配；分發(fā)distribution n分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)8security n安全；保護；保障secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的縱聯(lián)29operate vi.工作；運轉(zhuǎn) vt.操作operation n手術(shù)；運轉(zhuǎn)；操作operator n操作人員縱聯(lián)1.后綴“­able”形容詞大觀園adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的 respectable可敬的adaptable可適應的 reasonable合理的favorable有利的 unbelievable不可信的reliable可依賴的 admirable仰慕的comfortable舒適的 suitable合適的縱聯(lián)2.“­ty”結(jié)尾名詞不甘示弱security安全 necessity必需品similarity相似(性) possibility可能(性)quality質(zhì)量；品質(zhì) quantity數(shù)量identity身份；一致性 dignity尊嚴；自豪equality平等性 variety種類；多樣性單元話題人際關(guān)系子話題1志愿服務(wù)access n接近；獲得acquire v取得；獲得accumulate v積累 experience n經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷advantage n優(yōu)點 associate n聯(lián)想；交往assist vt.幫助；協(xié)助 unforgettable adj.難忘的meaningful adj.有意義的 promote vt.促進；提升offer v提供 challenge n挑戰(zhàn)子話題2社會交往regards n致意；問候 congratulate vt.祝賀persuade vt.說服；勸說 invite vt.邀請introduce vt.介紹 appreciate vt.欣賞；感激celebrate vt.慶祝 admit vt.承認；允許recommend vt.推薦；介紹 remind vt.提醒學考對接·活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應用1(2015·江蘇高考閱讀B)The US.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution， and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (動機) for reducing waste.distribution在本單元的動詞形式為：distribute，意為：分配；分發(fā)寫出加彩單詞在本單元的近義詞：purchase，該單詞還可以作名詞，意為“采購，購買的東西”寫出concept在句中的含義：觀念2(2015·江蘇高考閱讀C)Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish (participate)To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.加彩單詞的詞性為：動詞，意為：志愿做，在本單元的形容詞為：voluntary，意為：自愿的；無償?shù)募硬蕟卧~在本單元中的近義詞為：relevant，意為：相關(guān)的用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空：to_participate高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2018·浙江高考寫作)另一方面，我在一家旅行社做過兼職，積累了相關(guān)經(jīng)驗，這幫助了我適應了與不同的人相處。(relevant, adjust)For_another,_I_have_accumulated_relevant_experience_by_working_part­time_in_a_travel_agency,_which_helps_me_adjust_to_getting_along_with_different_people.2(2015·天津高考書面表達)我寫這封郵件是告訴你一些我們捐贈的圖書的情況。這些書將會盡快分發(fā)到每個學生手中。(donate, distribute)I_am_writing_an_e­mail_to_tell_you_something_about_our_donated_books,_which_will_be_distributed_to_each_student_as_soon_as_possible.(二)課堂重點釋疑1adjust vi.&vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合；(使)適應記牢(1)adjust .to (doing) sth.調(diào)整以適應(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己適應于(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應make an adjustment to 對做出調(diào)整練通 單句語法填空It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.I have learned how to be independent in a boarding school, which is beneficial to adjusting to the college life. 寫美翻譯句子(2018·北京高考書面表達)我相信你能很快適應在北京的生活。I believe that you can adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon.2participate vi.參與；參加；分享 記牢(1)participate in參加；參與participate with sb.in sth. 與某人一起分擔某事(2)participation n. 參加；參與participant n. 參與者；參加者練通單句語法填空As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (認知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.寫美翻譯句子(2018·全國卷書面表達)兩隊每天都要訓練兩小時，并定期參加比賽。 Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.3otherwise conj.否則；不然 adv.用別的方法；其他方面adj.別的；另外的；不同的辨清寫出下列句中otherwise的詞性和含義(2018·全國卷)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . it's probably running. adj.別的；另外的(2018·全國卷)The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.conj.否則；不然記牢(1)otherwise conj.or (else)/if not否則；要不然(2)otherwise adv.in another way/apart from/differently用其他辦法；除以外；別樣；另外and otherwiseand so on 等等；及其他or otherwiseor contrary 或相反；或其反面(3)otherwise adj.other/different 另外的；其他的； 不同的練通同義替換So from then on, I have been determined never to be dishonest.Otherwise (Or/Or_else) I will be looked down upon and lose all my friends.She is not very clever, but otherwise (differently/in_another_way) she's a nice girl.用準當otherwise后接句子，表示否定意義時，如果是假想的或與事實相反的情況，從句要用虛擬語氣。寫美補全句子我認為我們每個人都應該盡力幫助那些需要幫助的人，否則我們遲早要為自己的自私負責。I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.4donate v捐贈；贈送記牢(1)donate .to sb./sth.把捐贈給某人或某物donate .to do sth. 捐贈做某事(2)donation n. 捐贈；捐獻make a donation to 向捐贈(3)donated adj. 捐贈的練通單句語法填空Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.(2017·天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.(2018·全國卷)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.寫美補全句子政府呼吁公眾給貧窮的孩子提供捐贈。(donation)The government appeals to the public to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_children.5distribute vt.分配；分發(fā)；分布記牢(1)distribute .to .把分給distribute .among . 在中分發(fā)(2)distribution n. 分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)練通單句語法填空Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?The existing medical knowledge and skills are not equally distributed (distribute) all over the world.寫美補全句子(2018·北京高考書面表達)我告訴那些國際學生，茶廣泛分布在全國各地。I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country.6operate vi.工作；運轉(zhuǎn)；給動手術(shù)；起作用 vt.操作；經(jīng)營辨清寫出下列句中operate的含義The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.運轉(zhuǎn)More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.給動手術(shù)My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.經(jīng)營This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用記牢(1)operate on/upon sb.給某人動手術(shù)(2)operation n. 手術(shù)；運轉(zhuǎn)；操作be in operation 經(jīng)營；營業(yè)come/go into operation 開始工作/運轉(zhuǎn)；生效put/bring .into operation 實施/施行練通單句語法填空For most people, it's almost impossible to_operate (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.I went through many eye operations_ (operate)in an attempt to keep my vision.We're all ready to put it into operation; in other words, we're going to take action as fast as possible.寫美翻譯句子(2016·6月浙江高考書面表達)雖然我壓力很大，但我在比賽中表現(xiàn)很好并最終贏得了一等獎。Though_I_was_under_great_pressure,_I_operated_well_in_the_contest_and_finally_won_first_prize.詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓練 .單詞拼寫1What he learned at university is not relevant (有關(guān)的) to his job.2Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否則) we will feel lonely.3Christmas was almost upon us and presents needed to be purchased (購買)4Just sit at a computer, click (點擊) and choose, and you can find all kinds of different things online.5It's my privilege (榮幸) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.6My English teacher asked us to choose a topic, make a(n) weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.7Our class are going to visit poor children in a remote (遙遠的) mountainous area this weekend.8This_concept (理念；概念) gives a whole new meaning to the idea of how to live a simple but full life.9With the increasingly rapid economic (經(jīng)濟的) growth, more problems are brought to our attention.10My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web_security (安全), but it is not something that people couldn't learn.單句語法填空1Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself (he) to city life.2He donated part of his liver to_save (save) the stranger, which was really a touching story.3The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation (operate) on his knee.4People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should)_be_distributed (distribute) among the members of society equally.5He has made arrangements (arrange) for the collection of his baggage from the airport.6Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary (volunteer) activity whose theme was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a low­carbon lifestyle.7They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn't have_been_stuck (stick) in the storm.8During the last three decades, the number of people participating (participate) in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.9If this product does not give you complete satisfaction，please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it was_purchased (purchase)10The app WeChat provides a networking platform where communication has become faster and easier.根據(jù)提示補全句子1李華擔心他在適應英國的食物上有些困難。(adjust)Li Hua is worried that he has_trouble_(in)_adjusting_to British food.2醫(yī)療科學證實：獻血有益于我們的身心健康。(donate)Medical science has proved that donating_blood_is_good_for_us both physically and mentally.3新學期開始，老師讓幾個學生幫著給班內(nèi)的學生發(fā)書。(distribute)At the beginning of the new term, the teacher asked several students to_help_to_distribute_the_new_books_to the students in class.4老師應該鼓勵學生參加各種各樣的活動，這能幫助培養(yǎng)他們的團隊精神。(participate)Teachers should encourage students_to_participate_in_all_kinds_of_activities，which can help develop their spirit of teamwork.5這是一臺很容易操作的新機器。(operate)This is a new machine which_is_very_easy_to_operate.語境辨義根據(jù)語境選出形容詞remote的詞義(A)偏僻的；遙遠的 (B)遠親的(C)相差很大的 (D)微小的1As far as I know, he has a remote cousin._B_2His theories are kind of remote from reality._C_3There is still a remote chance that they will find her alive._D_4He lives in a remote village, which is 200 miles away from the city._A_(一)課前自主學習1dry_up(指河流、井等)干涸2dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透3stick_out 突出；伸出；堅持到底4hear_from 接到的信5(be)_dying_to 極想；渴望串記1 與有關(guān)7the_other_day 不久前的一天串記2 偶然遇到9participate_in 參與/參加10in_need 在困難中；在危急中 11get_through 完成；穿過；接通電話12make_a_difference_to 對有影響；起作用同根短語串記串記1.要知道“與有關(guān)”be relevant to與有關(guān)be related to 與有關(guān)be connected with 與有關(guān)be associated with 與有關(guān)串記2.“偶然遇到”也是緣come across 偶然遇到run across 偶然遇見run into 碰到；偶然遇到meet with 遇到knock into 撞上；偶然遇到1a muddy track 一條泥濘的小路2up_to_two hours 多達兩個小時3walk a long way 走很長一段路4try to adapt to these conditions 盡量適應這些狀況5the most challenging subject 最富挑戰(zhàn)性的課程6the local English dialect 當?shù)厝苏f的英語方言7have fantastic views 看到奇妙的景色8a voluntary contribution 自愿捐款1To be honest, I doubt_whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.說實在的，我懷疑是否我教的課會讓這些孩子的生活有所改變。2But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit_a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.但是上個周末，我和另外一位老師珍妮，確實去訪問了一個村莊，那是其中一個男孩湯貝的家。3We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一個陡坡，一直走到下邊的山谷。4The gift you give is_not something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確實有生活需要的人的一項志愿性捐助。學考對接·活學活用高考采擷(一)完形中的短語(詞匯替換)1(2018·浙江高考完形填空)One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè))(用本單元短語替換加彩詞語)The_other_day2(2014·天津高考完形填空)For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.(用本單元短語替換加彩詞)be_dying_to高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(補全句子)1(2018·北京高考書面表達)很高興收到你的來信。歡迎你來北京學習！I'm_more_than_glad_to_hear_from_you.Welcome to Beijing for your study!2(2013·江蘇高考書面表達)捐贈書籍和體育用品給有需要的兒童，而不是高喊空洞的口號，這更有意義。Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.3(2016·江蘇高考書面表達)其次，這種投票并不取決于競爭對手的優(yōu)勢，而是取決于他們有多少社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。(not . but .)Secondly, voting of this kind does_not_depend_on the strong points of the competitors, but_rather_on how many social­networking resources they have. (二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1(be) dying to 極想；渴望記牢(1)be dying/eager/anxious/keen to do sth.long to do sth.渴望做某事(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.long for sth. 渴望得到某物練通單句語法填空By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.He has_been_longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.The child can't wait to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.寫美補全句子首先，作為一名渴望學習知識的學生，你在學習中有必要形成一種有效的學習方法。Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.2in need 在困難中；在危急中記牢in (great) need of (非常)需要satisfy/meet one's needs 滿足某人的需要there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)沒有必要做某事練通單句語法填空They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.In an advertisement I know that your company is in need of a temporary interpreter.寫美翻譯句子我們社會中的每一個人都應該幫助那些需要幫助的人，但更重要的是真誠。Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.句式集釋1“介詞關(guān)系副詞”引導的定語從句教材原句We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.悟拓展例句(1)The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.這個小女孩終于被發(fā)現(xiàn)藏在門后，從那里她能聽到她父母說的話。(2)The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system witnessed great changes.這本書寫于1946年，從那時起教育制度見證了巨大的變革。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納在“介詞關(guān)系詞”這一類型的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞常為which和whom，關(guān)系副詞where和when之前一般不加介詞，比較特殊的有from where, since when和by when。注意事項需要注意的是同“介詞which”的區(qū)別，“介詞which”中的which一般是指某一個名詞，而“介詞where/when”中的where和when指的是地點狀語和時間狀語。背寫作佳句(1)(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)Once one of my friends told me the higher rating meant the higher quality of the product, since when, based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.(要點句)(2)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery, bathed in the sunshine and jumping and cheering with joy.(要點句)2not .but .“不是而是”教材原句The gift you give is_not_something your loved one keeps_but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.悟拓展例句(1)I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.我意識到成功的秘訣不是你出生于何時何地，而是你在生活中的所作所為。(2)Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)析用法規(guī)則用法歸納not .but .“不是而是”，在句中連接兩個表語。當連接兩個并列主語時，謂語應同靠近的主語保持一致。符合“就近一致”原則的還有：(1)not only .but also . (2)neither .nor .(3)either .or .注意事項“not only .but also .”連接兩個從句且not only位于句首時，前一分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，后一分句不用倒裝。背寫作佳句(1)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.(要點句)(2018·全國卷書面表達)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.(要點句)詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓練.選詞填空dry up， come across， in need， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， be dying to 1John hung up his wet wash in order to dry it out.2The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.3Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.4I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.5She came_across some old photographs in a drawer.6Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need is a friend indeed.”7I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.8Participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our self­confidence and cultural qualities as well.根據(jù)提示補全/翻譯句子1中國是風箏的故鄉(xiāng)，從那里放風箏傳到日本、朝鮮、泰國和印度。(“介詞where”引導的定語從句)China is the birthplace of kites, from_where_kite­flying_spread_to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.2主要問題不是水太熱，而是它不干凈。(not .but .)The_main_problem_is_not_that_the_water_is_too_hot,_but_that_it_is_not_clean.3在你的上一封郵件中，你懷疑是否有可能彌補你們的友誼。(doubt whether)In your last mail you doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_make_up_for_your_friendship.4我現(xiàn)在很少鍛煉，但我上初中時的確喜歡踢足球。(do強調(diào)謂語)I don't take much exercise now, but I_did_like_playing_football when I was in junior middle school.應用文分步寫作假定你是紅星中學的一名學生。3月5日是學雷鋒日，你班組織了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活動。請根據(jù)下面的活動內(nèi)容和過程寫一篇英文短文，向你校?？⒄Z專欄投稿。1幫忙打掃衛(wèi)生；2給老人們表演；3發(fā)給老人們禮物。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：敬老院nursing home第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點1審題：文體：記敘文人稱：主要是第一人稱時態(tài)：主要是一般過去時2本文可從三個要點來構(gòu)思：要點1：介紹這次活動的時間和地點(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活動)。要點2：描寫活動的行程和內(nèi)容(打掃衛(wèi)生、表演、發(fā)禮物等)。要點3：總結(jié)活動的意義(學到了很多)。要點1：我們班在3月5日組織了一次志愿活動，去附近一家敬老院為老人做些事情。Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.要點2：在那天，我們一大早就出發(fā)了。(set out)On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.要點2：一到那里，我們就開始打掃衛(wèi)生。As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning.要點2：我們在舞臺上給老人做了精彩的表演，并給他們分發(fā)禮物。We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_and_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.要點3：我們從