2022年高中英語(yǔ) Module 6 The Worlds Cultural Heritage-Period 3練習(xí) 外研版選修7Goals To master the usage of the subjunctive mood To consolidate by practisingProceduresStep 1: Subjunctive1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞一般有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣，不同的語(yǔ)氣用不同的形式來(lái)表示。 陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)，描述狀態(tài)，有肯定，否定，疑問(wèn)，或感嘆等形式。如：People dont hibernate./Are you listening to the radio？祈使語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或勸告等。如：Sit down, please./ Let me have a try.虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，一般用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)。 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法：1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法:1表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下: 非真實(shí)條件句主句動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 （ be的過(guò)去式用were ）wouldshould, could, might +動(dòng)詞原形We would go with you if we had time. If I were you, I would consider their plan.If I knew this telephone number, I would ring him up. 注意: should 多用于第一人稱后。在非正式場(chǎng)合中，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，第一、二人稱中單數(shù)現(xiàn)在用was的也不少。If he was here, we could ask him. 2表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：非真實(shí)條件句主句had+過(guò)去分詞wouldshould, could, might +have doneIf he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If you had e earlier, you might have met him.If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.You wouldnt have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.3表示和將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下： 非真實(shí)條件句主句should /were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)wouldshould, could, might +動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldnt go out.If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.If he got there this afternoon, he would buy a map of the city.If I should be asked/were asked /were to be asked to go, Id certainly go. 特別注意：1. 如非真實(shí)條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有系動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞had或should等詞，可將if省 略，而把were，had或should 放在主語(yǔ)之前，變?yōu)樘摂M倒裝句，這和帶有if的虛擬條件從句所表示的含義完全相同。If I were you, I would get up early every morning. Were I you, I would get up early every morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Were they here now, they could help us.2. if 虛擬句的省略。Given enough money, we could have done it much better.3.有時(shí)用介詞短語(yǔ)代替虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件句。Fish cant live without water. 沒(méi)有水，魚(yú)就不能活。4.if only 要是，只要，但愿If only we could see each other once! 但愿我們能相見(jiàn)一次!If only I had listened to his advice! 我要是聽(tīng)了他的勸告就好了！5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的混合條件句：即條件從句和主句時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 “If I had missed” said William Tell, “and had shot too low, I was going to use this arrow on you.”If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the question now.2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法: I. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法1. wish+that 從句，表示的是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作表示的只是一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、要求。其中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和對(duì)應(yīng)用法如下表所述： 用 法形 式例 句 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 wish+從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或wereI wish I knew something about programming.I wish I were as strong as you. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行情況的虛擬 wish+從句主語(yǔ)+ were doingI wish I were sleeping.I wish it werent raining.  表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬wish+從句主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞She said something unpleasant. She wishes she hadnt said it.I wish he had got there ahead of time. 表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬 wish+從句主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形I wish he would get younger and younger.I wish he would be more careful. 注意：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化而變化，而是依據(jù)從句的實(shí)際情況，可以表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，也可以表示和當(dāng)時(shí)事實(shí)相反。I wish I knew the answer to the question.Yesterday when the teacher asked me the question, I couldnt answer it. Then I wished I knew the answer. 2. 在suggest （建議）、demand（要求）、order（命令）、insist （堅(jiān)持）、request （請(qǐng)求）、desire （要求）、remend （建議、推薦）、propose（建議、提議）、require （要求）等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式通常用動(dòng)詞原形（美通用）或“should動(dòng)詞原形”（英國(guó)通用）引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其基本句式為： （should） do 主語(yǔ)+ suggest/suggested. that sb. （should） be done（should） not do I suggested that we should form a spare time study group.I demand that he answer me at once.Doctor Li insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.Mr. Wang ordered that we（should） start out immediately. 特別注意：1. suggest 作“暗示”，“說(shuō)明”解時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：His accent suggests that he es from Shanghai.2. insist 表堅(jiān)持的是事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣如：He insisted that we （should） discuss the question at once. （虛擬）He insisted that he had finished his homework and handed it in. （事實(shí)）3. had hoped +that 從句 這種句型表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“would動(dòng)詞原形”。如：I had hoped that Jane would bee a doctor, but she wasnt good enough at science.Mike had hoped that his father would answer his letter. II. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它名詞性從句中的用法：在It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/ordered/proposed/requested/decided/a pity主語(yǔ)從句 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should + do或shouldhave done形式。Its necessary that he should go there at once.Its strange that she should have failed in the exam.Its a great pity that he should be so proud.It's requested that rade Li should sing a song.Its necessary that you should clean the office after work.Its very important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.Its strange that he should have left without saying goodbye.在suggestion, order, plan, idea 等后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。My suggestion is that we should go there on Sunday.My idea is that we should send a rade to help him.His order that we finish the work in half an hour is hard to accept. III. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法：1. as if （though ）引起的狀語(yǔ)從句（謂語(yǔ)形式與wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)形式相同）。The boy talks as if he were a man.They talked as if they had been friends for years.Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied English in England.He spoke to me loudly as if I were deaf.as if 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，放在seem，look 等系動(dòng)詞后，如果是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的事，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣It seems as if it were /was spring already.It looks as if it were going to rain.He looks as if he were ill.2. 由in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用may/might/can/could動(dòng)詞原形，來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Lets hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them.I live so that others may live better .自己活著為的是使別人活得更好She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her mother.She took a taxi so that she could get there in time. IV. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的其它句型: 1、“would rather ”與“had rather”表希望，后跟從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，一般用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。I would rather you didnt trouble him.I would rather we played basketball.I would rather you came tomorrow.2、It is/was time （high time）+主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/should（不能省略）+動(dòng)詞原形。表示該干什么了，而沒(méi)有干。Its time you went to bed.Its time she washed that dress.Im getting tired. its time we went home. 我累了我們?cè)摶丶伊?。Its time you should have a class.Step 2: 鞏固練習(xí)1. The managers suggestion was that the meeting _off still next week.A. be put B. to put C. should put D. be putting2. Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV.A. did B. shall do C. do D. have done3. The order came that the medical supplies _to the villages struck by the tsunami soon.A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent4. They requested that he _ on the radio. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D. would speak5. It is important that we _wild animals.A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting6. He is talking too much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. has been C. was D. were7. Mother insisted that the childs hands _before dinner. A. should wash B. be washed C. would wash D. had washed8. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been9. _ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Was I10. You look so tired tonight. Its time you _.A. go to sheep B. went to bed C. go to bed D. will go to bed 11. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received12. He smiled as if he _my thought.A. had read B. was reading C. read D. has read13. We _ the work on the time without your help.A. hadnt had finished B. couldnt have finished C. didnt have finished D. cant have finished14. -Have you ever been to Beijing?-No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had15. -He is a very brave man. -Yes, I wish I _ his courage. A. haveB. hadC. will haveD. would haveKeys: 1-5ACCCB6-10 ABCBB11-15 CABDBStep 3: Practice in the textbook Next let us finish the practice in the textbook.Activity 2: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)Activity 3:1. The professor demanded that the government do something about it.2. UNESCO insisted that the site be repaired as it was very serious.3. The Academy proposed that the general public get involved.4. The professor requested that I give them some money.5. Someone from the Academy suggested that a fund be started to raise money.