2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Cultural relics 語法探究 新人教版必修2定語從句可分為限制性定語從句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定語從句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)，下面將這兩類定語從句作一比較。一、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，對它有限制作用。因此，不可缺少，否則會影響全句的意義。限制性定語從句前一般不用逗號。例如：There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers.有許多東西將會使英國讀者不愉快。I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們在公園相見的那一天。Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?附近有可以買到水果的商店嗎？Do you know the reason why I came late?你知道我遲到的緣故嗎？“限制”是指概念上的限制，把一般的概念限制為特定的概念。所以，本身已經(jīng)十分特殊的名詞，如專有名詞、帶有形容詞性物主代詞或是形容詞性指示代詞作限定詞的名詞詞組，其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的。例如：Her mother, who had long suffered from arthritis, died last year. 她母親去年去世，此前她長期患有關(guān)節(jié)炎。（因mother前有限定詞her，使用非限制性定語從句為宜。）Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞如果作賓語，可以省略。例如：We have got the instrument (that) we need. 我們買到了所需要的儀器。二、非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與所修飾的名詞（先行詞）關(guān)系松馳，只提供有關(guān)該名詞的補(bǔ)充情況或附加說明。即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。書寫時，往往用逗號與主句分開。例如：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years.我又來到了波士頓，我有十年沒有到這里來了。非限制性定語從句形式上是從句，其功能實(shí)質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于一個分句。有時，甚至可以將其譯成狀語從句。例如：Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后來他遇到了瑪麗，瑪麗邀請他去參加晚會。（who實(shí)際上=and she）When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics.他17歲時，到瑞士蘇黎世一?？茖W(xué)校上學(xué)，他在那里學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)。(where=and there) We dont like the room, which is cold.我們不喜歡那個房間，它很冷。（which is cold=since it is cold）He said he was busy, which was untrue.他說他很忙，其實(shí)不然。（which was untrue=though it was untrue）We need him, who knows some English.我們需要他，他懂些英語。（who knows some English=for he knows some English）非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，that和why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如：Wang Xin, whom Lao Li knows well, is our group leader. 王欣是我們的組長，小李對他很了解。（該句中whom不可省略，亦不可為that取代）which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個主句或主句的一部分，as從句還可置于主句之前。例如：He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.他星期天得工作，這是他不喜歡的。As you know, the work is very difficult.你們知道，這項(xiàng)工作很難。which和whom在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時常和of或其他介詞連用。例如：The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大部分都已滿載，周圍是一大群憤怒的人。Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.她的兩個兒子都在國外工作，每周都給她打電話。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句有時可作定語。例如：Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.湯姆在大學(xué)待了四年，在此期間他學(xué)了法語。I may have to go into hospital, in which case I wont be going on holiday. 我可能得住院，如果那樣我就不去度假了。As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 正如我們所知，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。as指代后面一句話的內(nèi)容，這時只能用as,因?yàn)閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于句末，而as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可放在句末，也可置于句中或句首。如上面的句子還可以寫作： The earth, as we know, goes around the sun. 此外as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，有“正如、似”的含義，所以下列結(jié)構(gòu)中多用as: as has been said above 如上所述 as anybody can see 正如人人所看到的那樣 as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣典例解析 He was much kinder to his youngest son than to others,_, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which解析本題考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整個句子，which所引導(dǎo)的句子對前面主句起補(bǔ)充說明作用。做題時，先排除B.C兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗荒芤龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而A項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)先行詞是人的定語從句。答案：D _is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What解析此題考查定語從句，放在句首只能用as。若選A應(yīng)為：It is known to everybodythat the moon答案：B