第2節(jié) 兩種題型解讀題型一有提示詞命題角度時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較等級(jí)名詞、代詞詞匯派生考查動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式?？疾閯?dòng)詞的-ing，-ed形式和不定式形式?？疾樾稳菰~、副詞變?yōu)楸容^等級(jí)的基本構(gòu)成形式?？疾閱螖?shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)名詞的基本構(gòu)成形式；考查代詞的數(shù)和格的變化以及反身代詞?？疾榧忧熬Y或后綴轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的派生詞。真題例釋(2018·全國(guó)卷)I'm not sure 61.who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly，I'm face­to­face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at 62.the top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream，and then a 400­pound male appears.He screams the 63(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65(challenge)My name is Mireya Mayor.I'm a 66(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 67.for these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 68(they) alive.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal 69(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying：“I'm king of this forest，and here is your reminder！”O(jiān)nce his message was delivered，he allowed me 70(stay) and watch.,63.提示詞loud此處是副詞，根據(jù)句意與前面的定冠詞the以及后面的of all可知此處考查loud的最高級(jí)形式loudest。64提示詞look此處是動(dòng)詞，作前面avoid的賓語(yǔ)。avoid后要接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，據(jù)此可知此處考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，答案為looking。65提示詞chalenge既可作名詞，也可作動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意“他沒(méi)感覺(jué)被挑戰(zhàn)?！笨芍颂幨莿?dòng)作。feel在此句中是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。feel challenged相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“感覺(jué)被挑戰(zhàn)了”。此題可看作是考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。66提示詞science是名詞，根據(jù)句意“我是一名研究動(dòng)物的科學(xué)家。”可知此題考查science的派生詞scientist。68提示詞they是代詞的主格形式，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，動(dòng)詞(find)后要用代詞的賓格形式，名詞性物主代詞或反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)句意“我高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都活著?！笨芍祟}考查they的賓格形式them。69提示詞mean是動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)樯舷挛亩加玫氖且话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，故空白處要填入mean的過(guò)去式meant。此題考生可能會(huì)誤填meaned。70提示詞stay在此處是動(dòng)詞。此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂誤動(dòng)詞allowed后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故答案為to allow。1(2016·全國(guó)卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be)often acceptable.2(2016·全國(guó)卷)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement(achieve)3(2016·全國(guó)卷)Recent studies(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.4(2016·全國(guó)卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might be made(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.5(2016·全國(guó)卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create(create)special designs.6(2016·全國(guó)卷)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually(gradual)turned into chopsticks.7(2018·青島四校聯(lián)考)I patiently walked to the library，took my seat and did some breathing to help relax myself(I)8 (2018·哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)模擬)He walked down his block and found(find)a lot of stores.9(2018·煙臺(tái)市高考診斷性測(cè)試)But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the lives(life)of our wildlife.10(2018·廈門外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬)It is high time the government and all people took/should take(take)action to protect our traditional culture.11(2018·河北省衡水中學(xué)模擬)However，the programs have also led to problems such as illegal(legal)parking.題型二無(wú)提示詞命題角度冠詞介詞代詞并列連詞或從屬連詞關(guān)系代詞或副詞a，an，the的基本用法及特殊用法。動(dòng)詞、名詞形容詞與介詞搭配；固定短語(yǔ)中的介詞。人稱代詞的數(shù)、格。固定短語(yǔ)中的代詞。and，but，or，so；狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；比較狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞than和as。定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。真題例釋(2016·全國(guó)卷) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61.attraction (attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not­for­profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62.was allowed (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600­acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63.officially(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s，65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66.permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67.introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by 68.its (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69.days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed，70 other is with mumshe never suspects.64無(wú)提示詞。根據(jù)句意“但是我和熊貓的淵源可以追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代中期我做一個(gè)電視節(jié)目的日子”可知此題考查固定短語(yǔ)go back to中的介詞。65無(wú)提示詞。根據(jù)句意“，那時(shí)我是第一個(gè)被允許拍攝一組照料野外大熊貓免于餓死的特殊節(jié)目的西方電視臺(tái)記者”，再結(jié)合句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷出此題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，即關(guān)系副詞when，此時(shí)when從句修飾前面的名詞mid-1980s。70無(wú)提示詞。根據(jù)句意“照料熊貓的團(tuán)隊(duì)每隔幾天就把他與他的姐姐進(jìn)行調(diào)換，以便當(dāng)一個(gè)在進(jìn)行人工喂奶時(shí)，另一個(gè)與媽媽呆在一起”，再根據(jù)“一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”的英文表達(dá)“on.，the other.”可知此題考查定冠詞the。1(2016·全國(guó)卷)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.2(2016·全國(guó)卷)In India，for example，most people traditionally eat with their hands.3(2016·全國(guó)卷)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.4(2018·聊城市一模)And yet，in today's world，it is often easy to forget that family and friends are actually basics.5(2018·福州市質(zhì)檢)But even after science came to agriculture and dogs lost their traditional roles，the relationship between man and dogs remained.6(2018·太原市模擬)Now，years later，this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.7(2018·九江一中模擬)But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months.8(2018·佛山市模擬)Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.9(2018·成都市診斷性測(cè)試)This is because it's what we call “a leap year”10(2018·河北省三市七校聯(lián)考)Finally I found that she was trying to ask me whether/if I had an extra pen.11(2018·山東省泰安市二模)As you know，we have arranged a trip to the art gallery.12(2018·寧大附中二模)I will appreciate it if you give me a hand to solve the problem.4