2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookIII Unit10教學(xué)案 人教大綱版理解：要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.prevent講：v.阻止；阻礙；阻撓常用結(jié)構(gòu):prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事例:The accident could have been prevented.這次事故本來(lái)是可以防止的。He is prevented by law from holding a licence.按法律規(guī)定他不得持有執(zhí)照。Nothing would prevent him speaking out against injustice.什么也不能阻止他鳴不平。Thanks to the project and the kindness of his family and neighbours,Wang Lin was able to receive treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health.由于這項(xiàng)工程以及家人和鄰居的熱心，王林才能得到及時(shí)治療，以阻止疾病損壞健康。鏈接·提示 該短語(yǔ)中的介詞from在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可以省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省略；相似動(dòng)詞還有stop,keep等，但keep sb. from doing sth.和keep sb. doing sth.不同。練:The teacher asked more_to prevent the students eyes from _.A.to do;injuring B.done;injuringC.to be done;being injured D.being done;being injured提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。第一個(gè)空為ask sb. to do sth.的被動(dòng)形式；第二個(gè)空為prevent sb. from doing sth.的被動(dòng)形式。答案:C2.cover講：v.cover用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的主要義項(xiàng)有“遮蓋；覆蓋；包含；涉及；處理；足以支付；夠付；報(bào)道；替補(bǔ)(某人工作或履行職責(zé))”。例:Much of the country is covered by forest.森林覆蓋著這個(gè)國(guó)家的大片土地。The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.風(fēng)從沙漠那邊吹來(lái)，把一切都蒙上了一層沙子。The survey covers all aspects of the business.調(diào)查包括這家企業(yè)的各個(gè)方面。This allowance,however,is only enough to cover the most fundamental needs such as food and clothing.然而這份補(bǔ)助僅夠支付衣食等基本需要。By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落時(shí)我們已走了30英里。The CCTV will cover all the major games of the tournament.中央電視臺(tái)將報(bào)道這次錦標(biāo)賽的所有重要賽事。Im covering Jane while shes on leave.簡(jiǎn)休假時(shí)我來(lái)頂替她工作。練:（xx江蘇南京質(zhì)檢） Will $200 the cost of_ the damage?Im afraid not.I need at least 100 more.A.do B.include C.cover D.afford提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。從句子的意思分析，此處用動(dòng)詞cover表示“夠用”。答案:C3.wear講：v.穿著；戴著；佩著；留長(zhǎng)發(fā)(胡須)；表露(表情、態(tài)度)；磨損；耐用短語(yǔ):wear out 穿破,磨損,用壞,精疲力竭wear off 漸漸減少/消失wear away 使磨損wear down使慢慢磨損例:Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.乘坐轎車(chē)時(shí)人人都應(yīng)該系安全帶。She was wearing a red dress(a pair of white gloves,glasses,a gold ring,a new watch)at the ball that night.那天晚上在舞會(huì)上她穿著紅色連衣裙(戴著一副白手套，眼鏡，一枚金戒指，一塊新手表)。He wears his hair very long.他留長(zhǎng)發(fā)。The girl always wears a happy smile.這個(gè)小女孩隨時(shí)都面帶幸福的微笑。The waves have worn the rock smooth.波浪把巖石磨得變平滑了。The raincoat will wear well.這件雨衣很耐穿。The inscription has worn away.碑文已被磨平消失了。The pain will wear off because of the anesth esia.疼痛會(huì)因麻醉的功效而慢慢消失。The long journey has worn him down.長(zhǎng)途旅行使他疲憊不堪。The shoes have worn out.那雙鞋子已經(jīng)穿舊了。I am worn out by the hard work.辛苦的工作使我筋疲力盡。鏈接·提示 wear在表示“穿著”時(shí)，表示的是狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于be dressed in。put on表示的是動(dòng)作;dress為及物動(dòng)詞，表示“給某人穿衣”，故賓語(yǔ)是表示人的詞。練:（xx山東諸城質(zhì)檢） The best clothes_ the man_ that morning_ his fine green coat and his black silk cap.A.that;was wearing;were B.which;wore;wereC.which;dressed;was D.that;was having on;was提示:本題考查定語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)詞辨析及主謂語(yǔ)一致。先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that。have on可表示狀態(tài)，但不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。clothes是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。答案:A短語(yǔ)1.attend to講:該短語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其中to為介詞，意思有“處理,對(duì)付(=deal with)；照料,關(guān)懷(=serve/take care of)；接待；注意；專(zhuān)心”等。例:I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要處理。The nurse attended to the wounded day and night.這位護(hù)士日夜護(hù)理傷員。“Are you being attended to,sir?” asked the shop assistant.售貨員問(wèn)道:“有人接待你嗎？”Attend carefully to what she is saying.注意聽(tīng)她說(shuō)話(huà)。You must attend to your work.你必須專(zhuān)心于你的工作。鏈接·拓展 (1)attend on/upon看護(hù)；服侍。 She has two nurses attending on her. 有兩位護(hù)士看護(hù)著她。 (2)attend還有“參加（會(huì)議、聚會(huì)）”的意思。練:The Browns sent lots of invitations for their party.But because of the improper time,few people _it.A.attended B.accepted C.received D.enjoyed提示:本題通過(guò)語(yǔ)境考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線后面的it起著關(guān)鍵性的作用，代替的應(yīng)該是party，而不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞invitations，所以使用attend，表示“參加晚會(huì)”。答案:A2.let down講:該短語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主要義項(xiàng)有“不支持；使失望；(使)略勝一籌；美中不足；放下；放長(zhǎng)；降低”。例:Im afraid she let us down badly.很遺憾，她讓我們大失所望。This machine wont let you down.你盡管放心，這臺(tái)機(jī)器不會(huì)出毛病。She speaks French very fluently,but her pronunciation lets her down.她法語(yǔ)講得很流利，但美中不足的是發(fā)音不大好。We let the bucket down by a rope.我們用繩子把吊桶放下去。This skirt needs letting down.這條裙子需要放長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)。鏈接·拓展 (1)let up減弱；減輕；放松（努力）；松勁。 The pain finally let up. 疼痛終于減輕了。 We mustnt let up now. 我們現(xiàn)在可不能放松啊。 (2)let out放走；釋放；發(fā)出（聲音）；放大（衣服）。 I let out a shout when I hurt my finger. 我弄傷手指時(shí)發(fā)出一聲大叫。 The waist in these pants needs to be let out. 這條褲子的褲腰需要放出點(diǎn)來(lái)。練:(xx湖南模擬) He accidentally _he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of weeks.A.let out B.took careC.made sure D.made out提示:本題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析。從句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)該表示“偶然(accidently)透露出”，所以使用let out。答案:A句型“介詞+which+動(dòng)詞不定式”作定語(yǔ)講:請(qǐng)觀察下面教材原句:.and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.她只有一美元87美分用來(lái)給吉姆買(mǎi)禮物。本句型為“介詞+which+動(dòng)詞不定式”作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于介詞關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。本句可以改為:She had only $1.87 with which she could buy Jim a present.例:She had no time left in which to pack her things.她沒(méi)有時(shí)間收拾行李。It was a bad season in which to have outings.這不是一個(gè)適于郊游的季節(jié)。She has a little money in bank with which to help her mother.她在銀行有點(diǎn)存款，用來(lái)幫助她的媽媽。鏈接·提示 with which to buy Jim a present作定語(yǔ)，該短語(yǔ)中只能使用代詞which，不可使用其他代詞。練:Id like to get a part-time job to earn more money_to buy a puter.A.with which B.to whichC.at which D.for which提示:此處表示“用掙來(lái)的錢(qián)買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦”，所以用介詞with。答案:A辨析1.search,search forsearch用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，其后直接跟表示房屋、人身、衣服等的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。search for用于表示“尋找或搜索某人或某物”。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)When Fleming returned from the war,he began _the chemical he believed could treat infections.(2)The police_ him everywhere.He was caught at last and now the police are_ him.(3)His house had clearly been_ and the book was missing.(4)The youths were arrested and_ anything that would incriminate them.答案:(1)searching for (2)searched for;searching (3)searched (4)searched for2.discover,invent,finddiscover指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”原本存在而未為人所知的東西;discover還作“發(fā)現(xiàn)(某種情況)”講，后面可以接名詞、代詞、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句。invent指“發(fā)明”原本不存在的東西。find指“找到”原本丟失的東西。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Electricity wasnt_ by Edison,but he_ the electric light.(2)Have you_ the bike you lost last week?(3)We_ her to be a good doctor.(4)This kind of machine was_ many years ago.答案:(1)discovered;invented (2)found (3)discovered (4)invented誘思：實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥【例1】(xx重慶模擬) Whats wrong with your coat?Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me_ on it.A.sat B.had satC.had been sitting D.was sitting提示:句意:“你的上衣怎么了？”“剛才我正要下車(chē)時(shí)，坐在我旁邊的那位男士正坐在上邊。”when表示的時(shí)間可指從句的動(dòng)作剛剛發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。答案:D講評(píng):過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,本題是通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)體現(xiàn)的?！纠?】(xx遼寧模擬) All these gifts must be mailed immediately_ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receiveC.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving提示:所有的禮物都應(yīng)立即被寄出去，當(dāng)然是為了使它們及時(shí)被收到。in order to和so as to都表目的，receive和gift之間因是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以so as to be received正確。答案:C講評(píng):首先要了解在這里so as to 和in order to是沒(méi)有區(qū)別的。選擇的關(guān)鍵在于動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以先選擇一點(diǎn)入手，然后進(jìn)行對(duì)比。