2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit7Unit8知識(shí)梳理A知識(shí)梳理詞匯單詞cultural，pyramid，represent，include，ruin，burn，restore，rebuild，beauty，photograph，portrait，recreate，unite，artist，period，vase，stone，damage，ancient，project，brick，official，cave，pollution，carbon，breath，limit，sincerely，BC，AD，continent，well-known，athlete，gold，medal，torch，badminton，speed，skating，tie，final，dive，shooting，Greece，petitor，motto，further，rank，gymnastics，prepare，preparation，effect，flame，pete，flag，weight，position，superstar，point，skill, weigh，title，gesture，facial詞組give in，give up，in ruins，bringback to life，pull down，set up，stand for，because of，wouldrather，take part in，in preparation for，be proud of，under attack，in pieces，be used to，with thehelp of，the same as，bringback to life，e true，every four years，track and field語(yǔ)法The Present Perfect Passive VoiceCatherineS Palace has been rebuilt by modern Russian artistsThe Future Passive VoiceMore trees will be planted and new roads will be built by the people of BeijingWhen will the 29th Olympic Games be held in Beijing?交際用語(yǔ)What shall we put in?WhatHow about?Maybe we couldWhy not?Which do you like，or?Id like toI preferto常用句型It seems thatIt will takebeforeWe would do everything we can to doI would rather dothan doI prefer doingto doingWhere there isthere isB辨析詞語(yǔ) (1)missinglostgone lost表示“丟失”，有丟失后難以找回的意思，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 例：I finally found my lost dictionary under the bed missing表示“失蹤了”或者“不見(jiàn)了”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某物不在原處，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 例：My purse is missing gone表示“消失了”，指一去不復(fù)返，在句中可作表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但不能作定語(yǔ)。 例：She looked down at her dress，and found her neck1ace gone (2)prepare sthprepare for sth prepare sth的意思是“準(zhǔn)備某事”、“做某事”，即prepare的動(dòng)作直接作用在sth身上。 例：Bob prepared his lessons while his mother prepared supper pepare for sth表示“為某事做準(zhǔn)備”。 例：People on the island are preparing for another storm (3)fartherfurther farther和further都是far的比較級(jí)，但是它們?cè)谠~義和用法上有很大的區(qū)別。 farther一般只用于表示有形距離的“較遠(yuǎn)”、“更遠(yuǎn)”。 例：On the farther side of the street there was a large shop further既可以表示有形距離的“較遠(yuǎn)”、“更遠(yuǎn)”，還可以表示“更多的”、“另一些”、“進(jìn)一步的”。 例：We intend to stay for a further two months (4)allowpermitlet allow表示“允許某人做某事”，要求用名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。allow常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例：They dont allow smoking My parents allow me to stay up late at weekends(5)ruindestroydamage ruin表示“徹底的毀滅”，既可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作名詞，作名詞時(shí)意為“毀滅，破壞(不可數(shù))”、“廢墟，遺跡(常用復(fù)數(shù))”。 例：Drink led to his ruin The house across the street is in ruins destroy表示“毀壞，破壞”，只能用作動(dòng)詞，用法和ruin用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)相同。 例：The earthquake destroyed all of the buildings in the city damage指造成破壞或損害，但不是毀滅性的，既可以用作動(dòng)詞，也可以用作名詞。作名詞時(shí)后面可以跟介詞to表示對(duì)某物造成破壞。 例：The war caused extensive damage to the country(6)give upgive ingive outgive off give up表示“放棄，停止”。 例：I have given up expecting him to change give in表示“屈服，讓步”。 例：They werent a particularly good team，but they refused to give in and accept defeat give out表示“發(fā)出，分發(fā)”。 例：The teacher was giving out sweets to every student at the party give off表示“發(fā)出光，熱和氣味”。 例：Chives give off a delicate scent C 識(shí)記句型1 Where there is a river，there is a city. 2 It is true that many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river3 It was under attack for 900 days，hut the people of the city never gave in4 Pieces of the palaces could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture5 We will do everything we can to save our city.6 It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty7 Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games8 Many of the sports are the same as they are now.9 Some of the games in which the young men peted were：running，jumping and wresting10 It means that every athlete should try to run faster，jump higher and throw furtherD 觸類旁通1 ! There is a train ing ALook out BLook around CLook forward DLook on 【答案】A 【解析】此題考查的是和look相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)。look out 含有“小心，當(dāng)心”之意；look around指“向四周環(huán)顧”；look forward指“向前看”，有“憧憬未來(lái)”的意思；look onas指“把看作”。2As we grow older，we learn the of our abilities Aheights Bscores C1imits Dlengths 【答案】C 【解析】height指“高度”；score指“得分，分?jǐn)?shù)”；limit指“限制”；length指“長(zhǎng)度”。此句的意思是“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們認(rèn)識(shí)到我們能力的有限”。3The doctors did all they the sick man back to life Acould bring Bcould to bring Ccould bringing Dcould to bringing 【答案】B 【解析】這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生們做他們能夠做的一切來(lái)挽救這個(gè)病人的生命”。do all they can(do)to do可以理解為定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是all，關(guān)系代詞that被省掉。此外還可以表達(dá)為do everything(that)they can(do)to do或do what they can(do)to do。4Everyone got a Christmas present，my little brother . Ainclude Bto include Cincluding Dincluded 【答案】D 【解析】此題考查的是include的用法。include的意思是“包括，包含”，在句子中常作謂語(yǔ)。including和included都用來(lái)表示部分同位關(guān)系，即用來(lái)舉例，譯作“包括”。但是，including必須放在它所說(shuō)明的同位語(yǔ)之前，而included必須放在它所說(shuō)明的同位語(yǔ)之后。 例：Everyone here in my classroom，including Lucy，will go to visit the Summer Palace Everyone here in my classroom，Lucy included，will go to visit the Summer Palace5The foreigner explained again and again but he still couldnt make himself Aunderstand Bunderstood Cbe understood Dunderstanding 【答案】B 【解析】此題考查的是make后面跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意分詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系。這句話的意思是“這位外國(guó)人反復(fù)地解釋，但是他仍然不能讓別人理解他”。這里，他讓自己被理解，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞understood作賓補(bǔ)。6My father will not us to drive his new car Aagree Ballow Chave Dlet 【答案】B 【解析】 agree表示“同意某人的觀點(diǎn)和意見(jiàn)”，后面一般不跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；allow表示“允許某人做某事”，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)allow sbto do sth；have表示“讓某人做某事”，后面一般跟動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞的ing形式；let表示“讓某人做某事”，后面只能跟動(dòng)詞原形，而且一般用第一人稱和第二人稱。 7What do you think of the book? Oh，excellentIts worth a second time Ato read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read 【答案】 C【解析】be worth doing是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，表示“值得做某事”，其中doing是用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。 8There will be a discussion tomorrow，all those who want to ，please raise your hands Ajoin Btake part Ctake a part Dtake part in 【答案】 B 【解析】join指參加某個(gè)組織成為其中一員，作及物動(dòng)詞用；take part表示參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，作不及物動(dòng)詞用； take part in也表示參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，但是后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。9“Cant you read?”Mary said to the notice Aangrily pointing Band pointing angrily Cangrily pointed Dand angrily pointing 【答案】A 【解析】此題考查的是分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要弄清分詞和所修飾的名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。當(dāng)表示主動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)表示被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。句子的意思是“瑪麗指著通知生氣地說(shuō)道”。這里應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞pointing。當(dāng)用連詞and時(shí)，and連接的應(yīng)該都是動(dòng)詞，原句可以改為Mary said angrily and pointed to the notice10The house we used to live has been rebuilt Awhere；in Bwhich, Cin that； Din which； 【答案】D 【解析】此題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞house在從句中做介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)把介詞in提前時(shí)應(yīng)該用in which。而不能說(shuō)in that。如果用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where，后面則不能再用介詞in。這句話的意思是“我們?cè)?jīng)居住過(guò)的房子已經(jīng)被重建”?？碱}回放1 My brother is an actorHe is several films so far (xx·浙江卷) Aappears Bappeared Chas appeared Dis appearing 【答案】 C 【解析】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。2 We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places， other visitors seldom go Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 【答案】 C 【解析】此題考查的是where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞places在從句中邏輯上充當(dāng)go的狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能使用關(guān)系代詞that；先行詞是地點(diǎn)，而非時(shí)間，不能用when。3 a reply，he decided to write again. (MET 1992) ANot receiving BReceiving not CNot having received DHaving not received 【答案】C 【解析】此題考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。這句話的意思是“沒(méi)有收到答復(fù)，他決定再次寫信”。“沒(méi)有收到答復(fù)”發(fā)生在“他決定再次寫信”之前，因此用having received。分詞的否定應(yīng)該在分詞之前加上not。4 I am at least age Robert if I am not older than he(1992·上海卷) Athe same；as Bthe same；with Cas same；as Das same；with 【答案】A 【解析】 the sameas意思是“與一樣”。此句的意思是“如果我年紀(jì)不比羅伯特大，那我至少和他一樣大”。5 I play football than basketball Awould rather Bhad better C1ike better Dprefer 【答案】A 【解析】此題考查的是句式would rather dothan do。其意思為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。had better do sth表示“最好做某事”，但是不能表示比較；likebetter than表示“喜歡勝過(guò)于喜歡”，但是后面一般跟動(dòng)詞不定式。prefer可以表示“喜歡勝過(guò)于喜歡”，但是其結(jié)構(gòu)為prefer sthTo sth或prefer doingto doing?；A(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1The success is actually on the hard work of the whole team Abase Bbased Cbasis Dbasic2 by a stranger，she became more and more frightened AFollowing BTo follow CFollowed DFollow3No foreign languages in the school in the past fifty years Ahad been taught Bwould be taught Chave been taught Dwere taught4 had happened to him frightened us greatly AWhat BAll CThat DWhich5It rained for two weeks，pletely our holiday Aruined Bto ruin Cruining Druins6The fire spread through the hotel very quickly，but everyone get out.Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to7The people of StPetersburg tried their best to Abring the city back to live Btake the city back to live Cbring the city back to life Dtake the city back to life8Would you like some coffee? Yes，and please get me some milk，tooI prefer coffee_ milk Ato Bwith Cthan Dof9 breaks the law will have to face a serious punishment AAnyone BThose who CAnyone who DWho10My father bought an ancient Chinese vase， was very reasonable Athe price of that Bits price Cthe price of which Dthe price of whose11Rather than a bike in the freezing weather，she prefers a bus Atake；to take Bto take；ride Ctake；to ride Dride；to take12After climbing over a mountain 200 meters high，Bob and I Agave in Bgave up Cgave out Dgave off13They spent as many hours as they could their lessons Ato study Bstudy Cstudying Dstudies參考答案與解析1B be based on是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“以為基礎(chǔ)”。basis是名詞，表示“基礎(chǔ)”；basic是形容詞，表示“基礎(chǔ)的”。2C此句意為“被一個(gè)陌生人跟著，她越來(lái)越感到害怕”。應(yīng)該選擇過(guò)去分詞followed作非謂語(yǔ)成分，表示被動(dòng)。3C此句意為“最近50年來(lái)學(xué)校里沒(méi)有教外語(yǔ)”。in the past跟一段時(shí)間表示“在最近來(lái)”，和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。此題把foreign languages提前做主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是have been done。4A what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。此句意為“他所發(fā)生的事情讓我們非常害怕”。5C此處用現(xiàn)在分詞ruining表示伴隨，意思是“雨下了兩周，完全破壞了我們的假期”。過(guò)去分詞ruined表示“被毀滅”，不定式to ruin表示“將毀滅”，ruins是謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)排除。6D be able to do表示通過(guò)努力設(shè)法做成某事，cancould表示某人有能力做某事。此句意為“火迅速蔓延整個(gè)旅館，但是每個(gè)人都設(shè)法走了出來(lái)”。7C bringback to life是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“使復(fù)活(蘇醒)”。8B此題選with，意思是“我喜歡牛奶咖啡一起喝”。preferto表示“喜歡勝過(guò)喜歡”。9C此題考定語(yǔ)從句，意為“任何一個(gè)違反法律的人都得接受嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”。先行詞為anyone，關(guān)系代詞為who，這里可用whoever代替anyone who。10C此題考非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意思是“中國(guó)花瓶的價(jià)格非常合理”。先行詞vase在從句中作the price of的賓語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系代詞只能用which，不能用that。這里可以把the price of which換成whose price。11D prefer to dorather than do為固定句式，表示“寧愿做不愿做”。ride a bike，take a taxi為習(xí)慣表達(dá)。12B give in表示“投降，妥協(xié)”；give up表示“放棄”；give out表示“分發(fā)”；give off表示“發(fā)出味道”。13C spend(in)doing意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。此題是說(shuō)“他們盡可能多花時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)功課”。as many hours as they could在句中充當(dāng)spend的賓語(yǔ)。綜合強(qiáng)化1完形填空 Leroy Columbo left his lifeguard postHe walked slowly down the 1 Many people were sunbathing on the sand，and they spoke to himLeroy nodded and smiled to them 2 ，he always kept an eye on the waterYou see，Leroy was a 3 lifeguardHe couldnt hear cries for help；therefore，he 4 use his eyesHe could 5 a person in trouble in the water quickly Leroy was a familiar 6 on the Galveston，Texas beachesDuring his 40 years of work as a lifeguard there，he 7 907 people from drowning in the waters Leroy was born in 1905He lost his 8 at sevenNine years later，because of his fathers death，Leroy left school and helped 9 his familyHowever，Leroy didnt need much money to swim in the waters around Galveston Island，so he spent most of his free time swimming and became a(n) 10 swimmer At eighteen，his brother asked him to 11 the Surf Toboggan ClubHe had to take a(n) 12 first before the club could 13 himHe had to swim three hours without stoppingHe couldnt 14 rest by floating or swimming on his 15 Leroy took the test and passed it easily Leroy never won a scholarshipHe never 16 training for sports petition 17 he used his talents to save otherslives 18 he died on July 2，1974，members of the Texas State Senate stood for a moment of 19 in his honorThe Galveston people have had a plaque(牌匾)made in his 20 His name was included in the Guinness Book of World Records 1Abeach Broadside Cstreet Driverbank 2AObviously BOtherwise CTherefore DHowever 3Aweak Bpoor Cdeaf Dstrong 4Ahad to Bshould Ccould Dmust 5Adescribe Bwarn Cinform Dnotice 6Aview Bsportsman Cscene Dsight7Aknew Btold Csaved Dseparated 8Aeyesight Bhearing Cinterest Dvoice 9Asupport Bfort Craise Dfeed 10Aordinary Bexpert C1ucky Dspecial 11Aorganize Bset up Cjoin Dput up 12Ainterview Btry Clook Dtest 13Atrain Bunderstand Caccept Drecognize 14Aever Beven Cjust Dyet 15Aback Bface Cfeet Dside 16Awent into Bwent on Cgave up Dinsisted on 17AMeanwhile BCertainly CFortunately DInstead 18ABecause BWhen CWhile DSince 19Apeace Bcalmness Csadness Dsilence 20Afavor Bmemory Copinion Dname參考答案與解析：1A本文講述的是救生員Leroy的故事，聯(lián)系下文應(yīng)該知道他是沿著海邊在慢慢行走。2D這里是“然而，但是”的意思，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選however。obviously表示“明顯地”，otherwise表示“否則”，therefore表示“所以”。3C從下一句可知Leroy是一個(gè)耳聾的救生員。所以選擇deaf。4A因?yàn)槎@，Leroy只得用眼睛來(lái)觀察，have to表示“不得不”，所以選擇A。5D這句話的意思是“他可以注意到水中遇到麻煩的人”。describe表示“描述”，warn表示“警告”，inform表示“告訴”，notice表示“注意”。6D sight表示“風(fēng)景”，這句話的意思是Leroy是一道人們熟悉的風(fēng)景。scene表示“場(chǎng)景”。7C這句話的意思是“他救了907個(gè)落水的人”。8B lose oneS hearing意思是“失去聽(tīng)覺(jué)”。9A表示“養(yǎng)家”用support oneS family；raise表示“飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”；feed表示“喂養(yǎng)”。10B這里expert表示“精湛的”，ordinary表示“平凡的”。11C organize表示“組織”，set up表示“建立”，join表示“參加某個(gè)組織”，put up表示“豎立”。12D test表示“測(cè)試”，interview表示“面試”。13C accept表示“接受”，這句話的意思是“在協(xié)會(huì)接受他之前，他需要參加一次面試”。14B這里指“他甚至不能”。15A swim on ones back指仰泳。16B go on有“進(jìn)行某事”的意思；give up指“放棄”；insist on指“堅(jiān)持”。17D instead這里表示“相反”；meanwhile表示“同時(shí)”；fortunately表示“幸運(yùn)地”。18B這里指“當(dāng)他去世的時(shí)候”。19D這里指“默哀”。20B in ones memory表示“為了紀(jì)念某人”2 閱讀理解 The earth is changingTomorrow it will be differentAll the living things on the earth are changingTomorrow they will be differentEven people are changingTomorrow you will be different There are many kinds of changes，and many different things that cause changePeople need to get to know the changes，to learn to see them，and to learn what causes change Human beings must solve many problems so that they can continue to live successfullyWar is one of these problemsDisease and natural disasters are problemsNot having enough food and energy for the growing number of people in the world is a problemMost problems can be solved，but some are impossible to solveThe way in which people solve problems affects(影響)how long and how well they can live As people solve their problems，they change thingsAnd changes often cause new problems for people，and for other living things on EarthSometimes the new problems seem even worse than the old onesHuman beings will probably never stop having problems to solve 1Which statement of the following is true according to the text? AEverything on the earth is always changing BThe changes of the living things are different CWar is a problem that can be solved DIn the future when the modernization has been realized all over the world，we will have no problems at all. 2What problem is not mentioned in the text? AWar BPollution CEnergy shortageDFlood 3The changes Amake people cannot live on a spaceship Bbring natural disasters Care not necessary to analyze(分析)Dare not always good 4For what purpose must people solve the problem of war? ATo keep peace BTo have larger landCTo continue to live DTo guard the earth參考答案與解析1A本文主要談?wù)摰氖鞘澜缫恢碧幱诓煌５淖兓?dāng)中，這些變化對(duì)人類和世界都帶來(lái)許多影響。從第一段中“All the living things on the earth are changing”可找到答案。2B本題考查的是細(xì)節(jié)。第三段中直接提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和能源缺乏，另外談到自然災(zāi)害，包括了水災(zāi)。而污染在文中沒(méi)有涉及。3D根據(jù)對(duì)文章的整體理解，以及最后一段中“Sometimes the new problems seem even worse than the old ones”可以找到答案。另外三個(gè)答案都比較片面。4C 第三段第一句“Human beings must solve many problems 80 that they can continue to live successfully”說(shuō)明人們解決許多問(wèn)題的目的是持續(xù)生存。