2022年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第二講 語態(tài)講練語法精講 1. 當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語（vi. Vt.）的形式叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(vt.)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are required to do this.2）一般過去時(shí)：The story was told by her.3）一般將來時(shí)：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The road is being widened.5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The new tool was being made.6）過去完成時(shí)：He said that work had been finished.7）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The novel has been read.2.一些特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：The problem must be solved soon.2）帶非謂語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：The room is going to be painted. I hate being made fun of. 3）短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：（不及物）動(dòng)詞+介詞：agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of. etc.（及物）動(dòng)詞+副詞：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, point out, put away, turn down, work out, etc.動(dòng)詞+副詞/名詞+介詞：do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with , take care of, catch sight of, take notice of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take hold of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of，etc.The baby is looked after carefully. Close attention must be paid to it.They will be taken (good) care of. Good care will be taken of them.4） 復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：Tom was found ill/lying in bed/injured/ of great value/outside.（賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)橹餮a(bǔ)）5） “get done”結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果未曾料到的事態(tài)“最后終于”出現(xiàn)的某種事態(tài)： get burnt, get paid, get dressed, get married, get injured, get wounded, get robbed, get frightened, get excited, get interested, etc.3系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：The glass is broken now. The book is well written. (狀態(tài)。無動(dòng)作執(zhí)行時(shí)間或執(zhí)行者)The glass was broken by Tom just now.（動(dòng)作。 有動(dòng)作時(shí)間或執(zhí)行者）The homework remains untouched/undone. 4主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義： 1）某些動(dòng)詞作謂語：sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut, etc. The books sell well. The machine runs well. Your poem reads well. This coat wears long. The cloth washes easily. The pen writes smoothly.2）表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。Good medicine tastes bitter. What you said proved to be correct.3）動(dòng)詞want, need, require 等當(dāng)“需要”講時(shí)：The patient needs operating on/to be operated on without delay.4）be worth doing=be worthy to be done= be worthy of being doneThe place is worth a second visit.= The place is worth visiting again.5）不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：句中不定式的邏輯主語是句中的主語或賓語時(shí)：I have a lot of work to do. Ill give him something to read.“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：His telephone number is easy to remember. The man is difficult to deal with.在“There + be +名詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)皆可；在“This/That + be + 名詞 +不定式”中，不定式用主動(dòng)：There are many questions to discuss(to be discussed).This/That is a hard question to answer. That is a nice place to visit.不定式to let, to blame, to seek等，常用主動(dòng)：Nobody was to blame for the accident. The car is to let. 5漢語主動(dòng)，英語被動(dòng)形式：It is said that(= People say that)據(jù)說；It is hoped that(=People hope that)希望；It is supposed that根據(jù)推測說；It must be admitted that必須承認(rèn)；it must be pointed out that必須指出；It is well known that眾所周知；It will be said that有人會(huì)說；It will generally be considered that大家認(rèn)為；It is believed that有人相信 6主動(dòng)句不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的情況：1） 謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。2） 謂語是不可拆開的短語動(dòng)詞take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。3） 賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等。語法精練：1- How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt2. Id like to go to the cinema with you, Dad? Sorry, my darling, but the film _ for adults only. A. intends B. is intended C. is being intended D. is intending 3. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _anything abut it sooner. I certainly think its a pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say4. The ants were busy carrying earth in their mouths to get the entrance to their nest _.A. being stopped up B. stopped up C. to be stopped D. stopping up5. Alice, why didnt you e yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. has B. would C. was going to D. did6. -Are you going to the meeting? -No. The meeting _ until next Monday. A. will be put off B. is being put off C. has been put off D. has put off 7. The teacher told the children that water _ at 100 degrees centigrade. A. boils B. boiled C. was boiling D. is boiling8. The water will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. have taken 9. He _ to get me a taxi, but I _ the bus down to Oxford Street.A. offered; has taken B. had offered; was taking C. has offered; took D. would offer; took10. People often want to know what my job is. Often I _ that question. A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking 11. The workers _ the car busily when Mrs. Brown went to get a tool he _there. A. were repairing; had left B. were repairing; left C. has repaired; had left D. had repaired; left12. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. pleted B. plete C. had been pleted D. have been pleted 13. - Shall I send this report to the manager? -Yes, please. And I _ fly to London next Tuesday.A. got to B. get to C. will get to D. have got to14. Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. was writing C. had written D. wrote15. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested16. - Why dont you ride your bike? -I _ it every day this week. Im tired of riding now. A. rode B. have ridden C. have been ridding D. do ride17. It _ more than 100 years before the whole area _ to look as it did. A. will be; begins B. is; begins C. is; began D. was; begins18. - We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you? - Well, not yet. We have few _, Id say. A. to choose B. to choose from C. chosen D. to be chosen19. The box of coins was said _ by a Chinese in the late 19th century. A. to be buried B. to have been buried C. being buried D. to bury20. We _ to see her, but found she was out. A. wanted B. had wanted C. would want D. was wanting21. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt22. I would rather go to work as usual than _ in hospital. A. getting treated B. to get treated C. get treated D. treated23. I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written24. She _ that the problem _.A. is told; was being settled B. was told; was settled C. told; was settled D. was told; had been settled25.The report said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel26. He _ again and again, but he didnt tell me the truth. A. had asked B. was asked C. had been asked D. asked答案： 1-5 DBDBC 6-10 CABBC 11-15 ADDBD 16-20CABBB 2126CCADC