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1、2022年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 定語從句 北師大版 一、關(guān)系代詞的用法 1．that和which的用法 (1)限制性定語從句中，必須用關(guān)系代詞that的情況： ①當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one時(shí)。 You should hand in all that you have. ②當(dāng)先行詞前面被the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all等詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the only thing that has been tried

2、. ③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. ④當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. ⑤當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑥當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。 Which is the bike that you lost?

3、⑦有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另外一個(gè)宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution. ⑧當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (2)定語從句中必須用which的情況： ①在非限制性定語從句中，只用which，不用that。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest

4、son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him. ②當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which，不用that。 This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介詞＋which/whom。 They may start as a group of high-school students，for whom practising their m

5、usic in someone’s house is the first step to fame. He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall apple tree. 3．a(chǎn)s和which的區(qū)別 (1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，而不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we

6、could expect. (2)當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時(shí)，只能用as。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. (3)當(dāng)定語從句放在主句后面時(shí)，也并不是as就永遠(yuǎn)等于which。 ①當(dāng)定語從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)，只能用which。 He came here very late，which was unexpected(not expected)． ②當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的謂語后跟一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Betty always tell

7、s a lie，which her parents feel strange. 二、關(guān)系副詞的用法 1．當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when＝on which) Can you tell me the office where he works？(where＝in which) 2．介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which)＝where/when。有時(shí)為表達(dá)清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from，to等。 China is the birthplac

8、e of kites，from where kites spread to Japan and Korea. 3．高考對(duì)關(guān)系副詞where的考查。 高考試題中對(duì)于where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于where這個(gè)詞，考生不能只理解為表地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人/物的situation，或某事所發(fā)展的stage，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用where這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。 The accident has reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in. 1．Steph

9、en Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet________life has developed gradually.(xx·福建，24) A．that B．where C．which D．whose 2．The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.(xx·江西，31) A．where B．who C．w

10、hich D．what 3．That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.(xx·山東，24) A．that B．which C．whose D．what 4.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s________I go.It’s only 15.(xx·天津，8) A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．where D．that 5．The old temple____

11、____roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.(xx·陜西，11) A．where B．which C．its D．whose 一、選擇合適的關(guān)系詞填空 1．—The authors of puter viruses are geniuses. —I agree.They should apply their wisdom to other net technology from ________(which/that) human beings can benefit. 2．During World War Ⅱ，h

12、e took many photos，________________(of which/by which) some captured the emotions of both the soldiers and the civilians in the war-torn Europe. 3．We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people，most of ________(which/whom) are healthy. 4．That is the small house less than 20 square meters，unde

13、r ________(which/whose)roof lives a large family of three generations. 5．Tom took the police to the spot ________(which/where) the accident happened. 6．The lazy boy is expecting a way ________(that/which) he can get through the exams without hard work. 7．Since 1995，________(when/which) people cal

14、l the Year of the Internet，the world has turned flat thanks to the network. 8．This is the same watch ________(that/which) I lost. 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1．It is morning ________ we have four classes，not afternoon. A．when B．which C．that D．why 2．Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrive

15、d，many of ________ even cried with joy. A．those B．them C．whom D．who 3．The appearance of a super skyscraper in the desert is far beyond our imagination，________ throws great doubt on the height of the tall building. A．that B．one C．which D．it 4．He saw her ing，and advised me to hide behind th

16、e door，________ advice I took at once. A．whose B．what C．that D．which 5．With the reform of educational system，the teachers ________ school I worked before have greatly changed their way of teaching. A．in whose B．whose C．in which D．which 6．She’s in a hopeless situation，________ we will keep

17、 a very close eye on. A．where B．when C．which D．that 7．Ms.Claire is a strict but kind teacher，________ I respect and appreciate most. A．that B．what C．one D．which 8．The good situation came at last ________ we had been expecting in the past two years. A．where B．that C．when D．in which 9．

18、On the top of the mountain stands an old temple，inside ________ is an old tower. A．what B．that C．which D．where 10．The National Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents ________ students got injured or even killed. A．that B．in which C．by

19、 which D．when 答案 感悟高考 1．B　[句意為：斯蒂芬·霍金認(rèn)為：地球不大可能是有生命進(jìn)化現(xiàn)象的唯一星球。限制性定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，where在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句并作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞planet。A、C和D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能在從句中作狀語。] 2．A　[句意為：這個(gè)女孩安排在培訓(xùn)中心和她的妹妹上鋼琴課，在那兒她要待上一個(gè)小時(shí)。where在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the training centre。] 3．C　[句意為：那是臺(tái)新機(jī)器，它的零件小得都看不見。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作parts的定語。] 4.C　[答句前句句意為：——你應(yīng)該去我去的那

20、家理發(fā)店嘗試一下。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在定語從句中作狀語，并替代先行詞the barber’s(理發(fā)店)。其余選項(xiàng)不能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。] 5．D　[句意為：那座房頂在一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨中被毀壞的古老的寺廟現(xiàn)在正在維修。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在定語從句中作定語，修飾roof。] 領(lǐng)悟語法 一、1.which　2.of which　3.whom　4.whose　5.where　6.that　7.which　8.that 二、1.A　[when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞morning并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。] 2．C　[whom引導(dǎo)定語從句指代先行詞thousands of Haitia

21、ns。] 3．C　[which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前一句的內(nèi)容且在從句中作主語。] 4．A　[whose引導(dǎo)定語從句指代先行詞he且在從句中作advice的定語。] 5．A　[whose指代先行詞the teachers，in whose school在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。] 6．C　[which指代前一句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且在從句中作on的賓語。] 7．C　[one作a strict but kind teacher的同位語，I respect and appreciate most作one的定語，其前省略了關(guān)系詞。] 8．B　[that指代先行詞the good situation，引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作expect的賓語。] 9．C　[which指代先行詞an old temple且引導(dǎo)定語從句。] 10．B　[in which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞accidents且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。]