2022高考英語 被動(dòng)語態(tài)、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 條件狀語從句及其連詞的用法。2. 讓步狀語從句及其連詞的用法。3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句及被動(dòng)語態(tài)。難點(diǎn)：讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句的區(qū)別。三、考情分析這三種語法是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，一般能在單選中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意這幾種語法及其做題技巧，認(rèn)真研究近幾年的高考題。知識(shí)梳理一、條件狀語從句【教材原句】If you say the word “munication”, most people think of words and sentences.如果你說單詞“交流”，大部分人會(huì)想到單詞和句式。If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.如果我們的右手忙著問候別人，它就不可能握有武器?？键c(diǎn)1 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞【用法】連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等?！纠洹縔ou can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。I will e on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請(qǐng)她來, 那我就來。He may go with us provided providing he arrives in time. 他若及時(shí)到達(dá)，就可以和我們一起走?！究碱}鏈接】 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once答案：D 解題思路：句意：一旦他們決定去哪個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該搜索入學(xué)手續(xù)。once 一旦，根據(jù)句意選擇D?？键c(diǎn)2 條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)【用法】當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意義時(shí)，條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)?！纠洹縇ets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的話，讓我們出去散步。Ill stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。【考題鏈接】We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _ well. A. is workingB. worksC. will be workingD. worked答案：B 解題思路：句意：如果你的那個(gè)新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃效果不好的話，我們今年會(huì)失去很多錢。在條件狀語從句中，如果主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來意義?？键c(diǎn)3 if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種【用法】真實(shí)條件句表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。非真實(shí)條件句也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況?！纠洹縄f it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic.（真實(shí)條件句）如果明天下雨，我們就不去野餐了。If I were you, I would go with him. （非真實(shí)條件句）如果我是你，我會(huì)跟他一道去?！究碱}鏈接】1. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless答案：C 解題思路：句意：遇到嚴(yán)重的事故時(shí)，如果我們了解一些基礎(chǔ)的急救知識(shí)，我們就能挽救生命。if如果；unless如果不。2. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill, wouldnt be B. had been ill, wouldnt have beenC. had been ill, should have been D. hadnt been ill, could be答案：A 解題思路：句意：瑪麗今天病了。如果她不病，她就不會(huì)缺課了。根據(jù)句意可知是虛擬語氣的句子，并且指的是和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故從句用一般過去時(shí)，而主句用would +do,故答案選A。即學(xué)即練1. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with答案：B 解題思路：句意：我們都了解，這種狀況如果不認(rèn)真處理，會(huì)變的更糟。本題考查條件狀語從句及省略。當(dāng)主語和主句的主語一致并且有be時(shí)，省略主語和be; B項(xiàng)等于if the situation is not carefully dealt with,。2. _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even thoughB. Unless C. As long asD. While答案：C 解題思路：句意：只要我知道錢是安全的，我就不會(huì)擔(dān)心了。even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要；while盡管。二、讓步狀語從句考點(diǎn)1 whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。注意1：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以換用，意為：無論，都。注意2：解這一類題目時(shí)，要注意連詞在讓步狀語從句中所作的句子成分，另外，還要注意從句的語序?！纠洹縒hoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.不管是誰干的這事，早晚要被抓住并受到懲罰。Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.有些人能夠隨遇而安?！究碱}鏈接】1. _ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although答案：A 解題思路：此題考查however的用法。句意：無論你準(zhǔn)備的多么充分，在爬山時(shí)仍需要運(yùn)氣。however等于no matter how,但no matter不能單獨(dú)用。句中的well是副詞，所以用however, 而不用whatever。2. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifelessA. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be答案：B 解題思路：句意：沙漠無論多么干燥，它也肯定有生命。讓步狀語從句的順序必須是陳述語序，故排除A、C和D。考點(diǎn)2 although/though/as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。【用法】1. although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)意為“盡管，雖然”，二者一般可以換用。要注意although 和though不能和but連用，但可以和yet或still連用。2. as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，多使用倒裝句。通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語，則把表語置于句首，而且名詞前要省略冠詞；如果從句中有修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞，則將該副詞置于句首；如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形置于句首?！纠洹緼lthough/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。Though I believe it, yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點(diǎn)，但我還得考慮考慮。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.）盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他知道該做什么?！究碱}鏈接】1._this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who e here all year round. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although答案：D 解題思路：句意：這僅是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，但這里一年到頭擠滿了游客。although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。since意為“自從”；unless意為“除非”；once意為“一旦”。2. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound答案：D 解題思路：句意：盡管聽起來很奇怪。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),常放在作表語、狀語或謂語的一部分的形容詞、名詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞原形之后。如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語，則不再用冠詞?？键c(diǎn)3 even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】even if/even though意為“即使，盡管”，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的內(nèi)容既可以是事實(shí)，也可以是一種假設(shè)?！纠洹縒ell make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.）即使他很窮，但她還是愛他?！究碱}鏈接】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it was valuable. A. as if B. now thatC. even thoughD. so that答案：C 解題思路：句意：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價(jià)值，但許多人都不理會(huì)。even though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”。as if意為“好像”。now that意為“既然”。so that意為“以便”?？键c(diǎn)4 while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句【用法】while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。【例句】While I like the colour, I dont like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀?！究碱}鏈接】_ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As答案：B 解題思路：句意：網(wǎng)絡(luò)有很大的幫助，我認(rèn)為花太多的時(shí)間在上面沒有好處。考查狀語從句（從屬連詞的選用），根據(jù)題干含義，顯然需要一個(gè)表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步的詞，即while，盡管。而A是如果，表?xiàng)l件，C是因?yàn)?，表原因，D是因?yàn)楹拖?，表原因和方式?？键c(diǎn)5 whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句?！居梅ā縲hetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管還是”?！纠洹縒hether you believe it or not, its true.無論你是否相信，這都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle, they wont win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役，他們絕不會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。【考題鏈接】All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however答案：B 解題思路：句意：所有人，無論老少、窮富，都在盡力幫助那些災(zāi)難后急需幫助的人。本題考查固定詞組搭配。whetheror表示“無論還是”。即學(xué)即練1. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. WhileB. OnceC. If D. Until答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句。句意為:盡管我總是會(huì)感到我能通過考試,但是我從沒有想過我會(huì)得個(gè)“優(yōu)”。A項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表盡管,符合句意;B項(xiàng)once一旦,曾經(jīng);C項(xiàng)if 如果；D項(xiàng)until直到。2. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. HoweverB. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句。句意為:無論你多么努力地嘗試,在不減少你的食量的情況下很難減肥。A項(xiàng)however無論如何,不管怎樣,符合句意。B項(xiàng)whatever無論什么樣;C項(xiàng)whichever無論哪一個(gè);D項(xiàng)whenever無論何時(shí)。3. Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only答案：A 解題思路：考查連詞。句意為：看看那些烏云!別擔(dān)心。即使下雨,我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)玩得很開心。even if雖然,即使;as though好像,仿佛;in case萬一,以防;if only要是就好了。4. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however答案：B 解題思路：考查狀語從句和倒裝。句意為：盡管晚間的空氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因?yàn)樽吡四敲撮L的路程后我們累壞了。句子前半部分為讓步狀語從句,A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)都可表示“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但此句用了倒裝,表語hot 提前,只有as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序, although與while 不能用倒裝,所以B項(xiàng)符合題意。三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)【教材原句】【基本用法】1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語中也可以用get / bee + 過去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）。2. 不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / are +過去分詞 (p.p.)一般過去時(shí)was / were + p.p.一般將來時(shí)shall / will + be + p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are + being + p.p.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + being + p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has / have + been + p.p.過去完成時(shí)had been + p.p.過去將來時(shí)should / would + be + p.p.【例句】The book has been translated into many languages.這本書已經(jīng)譯成了許多語言。The machine parts may be needed in our work.這些機(jī)器零件在我們工作中可能被用到。【考題鏈接】把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. He plants flowers every year. 2. I wrote a letter yesterday. 3. We must obey the school rules. 4. I wont believe his story. 5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. 6. A friend is playing the piano. 7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. 答案：1. Flowers are planted by him every year.2. A letter was written by me yesterday.3. The school rules must be obeyed by us.4. His story wont be believed by me.5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990.6. The piano is being played by a friend.7. The bike was being mended by me when Tom came in.【特別提醒】1. 當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：A. 謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。B. 用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示?！纠洹縋eople know paper was made in China first.=It is known that paper was made in China first.=Paper was known to be made in China first.人們知道紙張是中國先發(fā)明的。類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 【考題鏈接】句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. People suggest that the farmers must grow crops in proper time. = 2. We advise that people should respect the rules.= = 答案：1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time.2. It is advised that people should respect the rules.People are advised to respect the rules.2. 不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況?！居梅ā克械牟患拔飫?dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等?！纠洹縏he books belong to me.這些書是我的。The kind of shoes sells well.這種鞋賣的很好。The cake tastes very good.這個(gè)蛋糕嘗起來很好吃。(以上句子都不能變成被動(dòng))【考題鏈接】1. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A. is belonged B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和belong的用法。belong沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主語，he uses是省略that的定語從句，根據(jù)he does和he uses可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選C。2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out答案：B 解題思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。run out是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除C、D;由第二句中的before theres none left可知,run out是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用將來時(shí)。have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示動(dòng)作的完成;are running out是進(jìn)行時(shí),可以表將來,故選B。句意：供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動(dòng)。即學(xué)即練1. The flowers were so lovely that they_ in no time. A. sold B. had been soldC. were sold D. would sell答案：C 解題思路：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致，并且they和sell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案選C。句意：這些花非常好看，很快就賣光了。2. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.A. will never replace B. would never replaceC. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced答案：C 解題思路：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，but后應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)；句中主語it指store shopping，but后應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選擇C項(xiàng)。句意：你認(rèn)為未來的商場(chǎng)購物會(huì)如何？依我看，商場(chǎng)購物會(huì)和家庭購物并存，但是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被代替。3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast答案：B 解題思路：考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由I want to listen可知天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在被播出，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：你能保持安靜嗎？天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在播報(bào)，我想聽聽。4. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ for too long.A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked 答案：D 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)cook和上句中taste動(dòng)作的比較可知，cook是先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；并且they和cook之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)菜不好吃。它們被烹煮的時(shí)間過長了。5. The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they _.A. would take B. are takenC. were being taken D. will be taken答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)didnt know 可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，所以B、D不正確；根據(jù)句意可知此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C。句意為：襲擊者被捕了，他們不知道正被帶往何處。