2022高考英語一輪選練習題 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note（含解析）新人教版必修3一、閱讀理解Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸鹽）the main ponent of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying out the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing panies【文章大意】 本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來清潔你的窗戶。研究發(fā)現醋中生長的植物，使它們更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選D。3.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在實驗中，主要針對大米，小麥和玉米等。故選C。4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對此感興趣的花卉種植公司聯系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選D。二、完形填空Yesterday I was walking along a busy road when I noticed a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing, selling toys.Usually I would _1_ and hurry past such sellers before being approached to buy something. But I found this young man was _2_， so I stood for some time without crossing the street. I wanted to see _3_ he sold his toys. _4_， a young mother with a small child came by and the child was _5_ by one of the toys in a large box that made a noise. The young mother asked for the _6_ and it was charged at only one dollar. She _7_ a 10­dollar note from her purse and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the _8_ back. I was wondering how he was going to give it back. He told the young mother to put the money in the bag _9_ his neck and take out _10_ change he owed her. She then put her hand into the bag and took out the balance while I was _11_ her like a hawk(鷹)I realized that this young man depended on _12_ people not to cheat him. There was no _13_ of him knowing if someone took out more than they should have done. I was so _14_ by how this disabled man believed in people that I bought a toy from him I didn't _15_ at all. He said it cost one dollar and I, too, told him that I had only a 10­dollar note. He told me to do the _16_ thing. So I put my 10 dollars in his _17_. I put my hand in, but didn't take any change. I hope he will find that he has more _18_ than he should when he gets home. As I walked down the street, I saw another kid walking with his father, _19_ I gave him the little toy. Then, I walked on, hoping that two people would have a _20_ smile on their faces that day.【文章大意】本文通過講述作者一次在路邊買玩具的經歷，啟迪讀者：信賴無價?！倦y句分析】Yesterday I was walking along a busy road when I noticed a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing, selling toys.分析：本句是一個復合句。句中when引導時間狀語從句；standing near the pedestrain crossing是現在分詞短語作賓語補足語；selling toys是現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。譯文：昨天，我正沿著一條繁華的街道走時突然注意到一名年輕男子站在人行道交叉口附近賣玩具。1A.ignore Blook Cpause Dhelp答案與解析：A'根據下文的“hurry past such sellers”可知，作者在這種情況下通常是不理會、匆忙走過去的。2A.patient Bhonest Cblind Dstrange答案與解析：C'根據下文的“this disabled man”可知，這個賣玩具的年輕人是個殘疾人，結合選項可知選C。3A.why Bwhether Cwhen Dhow答案與解析：D'根據下文的“I was wondering how he was going to give it back.”可知，作者當時想一探究竟，看這個盲人是如何賣東西的。4A.Quickly BShortly CFinally DQuietly答案與解析：B'根據語境可知，不一會兒就有人來光顧這名男子的攤位了。5A.attracted Bannoyed Ccaught Ddriven答案與解析：A'由下文這位母親買玩具可知，小孩子被玩具吸引了。6A.bargain Breason Cdiscount Dprice答案與解析：D'結合下文的“and it was charged at only one dollar”可知，這位年輕的母親是在詢問玩具的價格。7A.searched for Bpulled outCpicked up Demptied out答案與解析：B'根據下文的“a 10­dollar note from her purse”可推知，年輕的母親從錢包里掏出10美元。pull out“掏出”。8A.note Btoy Cchange Ddeal答案與解析：C'根據語境及“wanted the '8' back”的提示可推知，此處表示要找回的零錢。change“零錢”。9A.tied to Bdropping fromCcarried on Dhanging around答案與解析：D'根據下文的“his neck”可推知，年輕男子的脖子上掛著個袋子，是收錢用的。10A.whichever Bwhatever Chowever Dwhoever答案與解析：B'whatever引導賓語從句，在從句中作定語，修飾名詞change，符合語境。11A.watching Bsuspecting Cchecking Dfollowing答案與解析：A'與下文的“l(fā)ike a hawk(鷹)”呼應，作者當時在仔細打量這位母親，watch sb. like a hawk為固定用法。12A.begging BconvincingCtrusting Dencouraging答案與解析：C'根據下文的“this disabled man believed in people”可知，這個年輕人依賴于相信人們不會欺騙他。trust“信任，相信”。13A.point Bway Cchance Ddoubt答案與解析：B'因為這個年輕商販是個盲人，因此別人多拿了零錢他也沒辦法知道。14A.demanded BsurprisedCtouched Dinfluenced答案與解析：C'根據語境可知，殘疾的年輕商販對人們的信賴感動了作者，所以作者也買了一個玩具。15A.need Bknow Cvalue Dstore答案與解析：A'根據下文的“at all”可推知，作者當時并不需要玩具，純粹是被年輕人的信賴所感動。16A.opposite Bgood Cequal Dsame答案與解析：D'根據語境可推知，年輕商販要作者和之前的買家一樣去自己拿零錢。17A.hand Bbag Cbox Dpocket答案與解析：B'與上文的“He told the young mother to put the money in the bag '9' his neck”呼應，作者也把錢放進了商販掛在脖子上的袋子里。18A.money Bforgiveness Cconfidence Dappreciation答案與解析：A'結合上文的“I put my hand in, but didn't take any change”可推知，作者沒有拿回零錢，那么商販回家后就會發(fā)現多了錢。19A.but Bor Cso Dfor答案與解析：C'根據語境可知，空處前后表示邏輯上的因果關系，這與上文作者買了根本不需要的玩具呼應。20A.ready Bpolite Cgentle Dbroad答案與解析：D'根據上文的“I gave him the little toy”可推知，作者贈予了小孩兒玩具，小孩兒應該很開心。broad smile表示“滿面的笑容”。三、七選五As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life. 1 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surfaceeither from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea. 2 Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 3 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 4 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygen­breathing organisms.A low­oxygen ocean may bee an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100，000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. 5 AIt's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.BScientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.CFresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter.DThe oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.EGlobal warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.FThe light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.GIf they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章簡要介紹了海水中氧氣含量主要原因及其可能對海洋生物帶來的長期的影響。1B從文章篇章結構分析，本空為段落主旨句。本段介紹了全球變暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”與B項中的“two reasons”相呼應，故選B。2D根據段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface.at the top of the sea.”可知，此處是通過說明海洋中氧氣的來源與循環(huán)來解釋海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D項“然后，隨著表層海水的慢慢下沉，氧氣擴散至海洋深處”符合語境。3C根據空前的內容和常識可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都屬于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入會使海洋表面的水變得更輕。故C項符合語境。C項中的“make the water.lighter”與下文中的“make it lighter”的對應關系亦是提示。4F根據空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will .”和空后的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain.”可知，F項與空前的句子的句式相同，且與空后的句子的內容存在語意上的轉折關系，故F項符合語境。5GG項中的“they”與上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼應，且上文講到即使我們把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很長時間才能恢復，其對海洋生物造成的影響將是長期的，故G項“如果他們是對的，那么我們完全有理由對它對海洋生物的重大影響感到擔憂”符合語境。 四、短文改錯Dear Lisa，I'm glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities.Yours，Li Ming【答案】Dear Lisa，I'm glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work， makes us realize how hard work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need make our hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these activities.Yours，Li Ming第一處：askedasking?？疾榉侵^語動詞。我很高興收到你詢問中國學生目前的假日生活的來信。ask和其邏輯主語letter之間是主動關系，故應用現在分詞作定語。第二處：taketakes?？疾橹髦^一致。學習和娛樂仍然占據了我們大部分的時間。此處是together with連接的名詞在句中作主語，謂語動詞應與句子原來的主語Learning保持一致，即應用第三人稱單數，故改為takes。第三處：thatwhich?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此外，我們經常幫助我們的父母做家務或者干農活，這使我們意識到他們每天工作得多努力。分析句子結構可知，空處在此引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面的整個句子，故用which。注意：that不能引導非限制性定語從句。第四處：wethey?？疾榇~。根據語境可知，此處指代的是上文中的“our parents”，故應用they。第五處：在active前加an?？疾楣谠~。同時，我們積極參加社會活動，比如志愿工作。take an active part in為習慣用法，表示“積極參加”。第六處：wentgo?？疾闀r態(tài)。我們去街上收集垃圾或者去醫(yī)院安慰生病的孩子們。全文的基本時態(tài)是一般現在時，故此處應用一般現在時。第七處：rubbishesrubbish?？疾槊~。rubbish表示“垃圾”，是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式，故改為rubbish。第八處：orand。考查連詞。由語境可知，此處表示并列的順承關系，故用and表示“和，與”。or表示選擇關系，意為“或，或者”。第九處：去掉of?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂幹甘刮覀兊募亦l(xiāng)變得更加美麗。根據句中的“more”可知，此處修飾比較級，故應用a lot。a lot of表示“許多”，修飾名詞。第十處：greatlygreat?？疾楦痹~。在這些活動中，我們發(fā)現了極大的樂趣。此處修飾名詞pleasure，故應用形容詞。