2022屆中考英語二輪復習 知識講與練 第26課 動詞試題課堂突破一、動詞的形式 大多數(shù)動詞都有五種基本形式：動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和過去分詞。（一）第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時中主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，其變化規(guī)則與名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的方法大體相同。具體見下表：規(guī)則變化動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式及讀音一般動詞在詞尾加-s；-s在清輔音后讀/s/，-s在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞加-es；-es讀/Iz/，o后的-es讀/z/fixcatchpushgokissfixes/Iz/catches/Iz/pushes/Iz/goes/z/kisses/Iz/以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-s；-s讀/z/或/s/ridelikerides/z/likes/s/以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i，再加-es；-ies讀/Iz/studycarrystudies/Iz/carries/Iz/以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-s；-s讀/z/playsayplays/z/says/z/（二）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般在動詞后加-inghelp workhelping working以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去e再加-ingwrite movewriting moving以y結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-ingplay studyplaying studying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ingput sit run cut get begin drop stopputting sitting running cutting getting beginning dropping stopping以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，一般將ie改為y，再加-inglie die tielying dying tying（三）過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化動詞原形過去式、過去分詞及其讀音一般在動詞詞尾加-ed；-ed在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，在t/d后讀/Id/askanswerwantneedaskedasked/t/answeredanswered/d/wantedwanted/Id/neededneeded/Id/以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-d；-d在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，在清輔音后讀/t/lovedancelovedloved/d/danceddanced/t/以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-ed；-ied讀/Id/worrystudyworriedworried/Id/studiedstudied/Id/以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-ed；-d讀/d/playstayplayedplayed/d/stayedstayed/d/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed；-ed在清輔音后讀/t/，在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/，在t/d后讀/Id/stopplandroppreferstoppedstopped/t/plannedplanned/d/droppeddropped/t/preferredpreferred/d/【活學活用】 用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. Do you know the boy_（wear） glasses over there?2. My sister likes reading the novels_（write） by Mo Yan.3. I found a wallet_（lie） on the ground on my way to school yesterday.4. The lemon juice_（taste） sweet and sour after adding some honey. It is delicious.5. The cup_（drop） and broke.二、動詞的分類動詞的分類實義動詞（v.）及物動詞（vt.）跟賓語like, write。如：He likes music. 他喜歡音樂。不及物動詞（vi.）不跟賓語rain, e。如：It rained heavily yesterday. 昨天雨下得很大。系動詞（link v.）跟名詞或形容詞作表語be, look, sound, taste, feel, smell, bee, turn, seem, keep, stay。如：I am a student. 我是一個學生。He felt excited. 他感到很興奮。助動詞（aux. v.）跟動詞原形或分詞（本身無意義）be （+doing）幫助構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)be （+done）幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)have/had （+done）幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)do, does幫助構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的疑問句或否定句did幫助構(gòu)成一般過去時態(tài)的疑問句或否定句will, shall, would, should幫助構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)情態(tài)動詞（modal v.）跟動詞原形（有意義）can, may, must, need, could, might, should三、情態(tài)動詞的用法概念情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能與其后的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣，用來表達建議、請求、可能或意愿等。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后必須跟動詞原形。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情態(tài)動詞had better, have to。用法can, could的用法1. 表示能力，表示“能；會；能夠”。如：We can use the puter now, but we couldnt two months ago. 現(xiàn)在我們會用電腦了，但兩個月前我們不會。He could ride a bike when he was four. 他4歲就會騎自行車了。2. 表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑問句中。如：Today is Sunday, so he cant be at school. 今天是星期天，所以他不可能在學校。3. 表示允許，口語中常用may代替。如：You can/may use my car. 你可以用我的小汽車。can, could的用法4. could雖然是can的過去式，但在口語中could常代替can表示委婉地提出請求，并不表示過去的時態(tài)，主要用于疑問句中。如：Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 明天上午8點你能來這兒嗎？may, might的用法1. 表示許可，意為“可以”。如：You may leave now. 現(xiàn)在你可以走了。2. May I.? 表示請求許可，否定回答用mustnt，表示“不可以；禁止”。如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？Yes, you may./No, you mustnt. 是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。3. 表示推測，意為“可能；或許”。如：I cant find my ruler. 我找不到我的尺子。It may be in your pencil box. 它可能在你的鉛筆盒里。4. 用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!祝你成功！5. may的過去式might表示的語氣更加委婉、客氣。如：Might I use your pen for a while? 我可以用一會兒你的鋼筆嗎？must的用法1. must作“必須；應該”講，表示必要性；mustnt則表示“不應該；不許”。如：You must buy a ticket. 你必須買票。You mustnt play on the road. 你不許在馬路上玩。2. must作“一定”講，表示肯定的猜測（否定猜測用cant，意為“不可能”）。如：These must be Lucys clothes. 這些一定是露西的衣服。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測）Tom must be watching TV at home. 湯姆一定是在家看電視。（對現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情的推測）She must have seen the movie. 她一定看過這部電影。（對過去情況的推測）注：回答Must.?引出的疑問句時，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。如：Must you finish your homework today? 你今天必須完成作業(yè)嗎？Yes, I must./No, I neednt. 是的，我必須。/不，我不必。need的用法need作情態(tài)動詞，意為“需要”，主要用于一般疑問句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。如：Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成這項工作嗎？Yes, you must./No, you neednt. 是的，你必須完成。/不，你不必。拓展：need用作及物動詞，其后的賓語可以是名詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、代詞。用法與其他行為動詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：Does he need to wash his hands? 他需要洗手嗎？Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 是的，他需要。/不，他不需要。shall, should的用法1. shall用作情態(tài)動詞，常用于一般疑問句，與第一人稱連用，表示征求意見或看法。如：Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning? 明天早上我們在學校門口見面好嗎？2. should用作情態(tài)動詞，表示勸告或建議，意為“應該”，表示必要性。不可看作shall的過去式。如：We should be strict in all our work. 我們應該嚴格要求我們所有的工作。will, would的用法1. 表示必然性。如：Fish will die without water. 沒有了水，魚就會死去。2. 表達意愿或意志。如：Well help him if he asks us for help. 如果他向我們尋求幫助，我們會幫他。I promise that I would do my best. 我答應你，我會盡全力。3. 詢問對方的意愿或提出請求，常與like, love連用，主要用于疑問句中。如：Would you like another cup of coffee? 你想再喝一杯咖啡嗎？Will you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去嗎？【活學活用】 用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。1. Must I finish all the homework this evening?No, you_. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.2. People_ drive after drinking alcohol（酒）. Its against the law.3. Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?Im not sure. I_ take a trip to Taiwan.4. Jill looks so painful. There_ be something wrong with her.5. Look at that girl!Is it Judy?No, it_ be her. She is still in London.四、短語動詞概念動詞跟一個或兩個介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定詞組后，在意義上和原來的動詞不同，這種動詞詞組叫短語動詞。分類動詞+介詞（后需加賓語）1. arrive in/at到達2. ask for要求3. begin with. 以開始4. be from. 從來5. be about大約6. believe in相信7. depend on/upon依靠8. get to到達9. look for尋找10. laugh at嘲笑11. send for派人去請12. wait for等待動詞+副詞及物動詞+副詞（后需加賓語，賓語為代詞時放中間）1. carry out執(zhí)行2. find out查明3. give up放棄4. hand in上交5. look up查找6. pick up撿起7. put on穿上8. put off推遲9. ring up給打電話10. set up建立11. take off脫下12. turn off關(guān)掉13. turn on打開14. think over考慮不及物短語動詞（后不加賓語）1. get up起床2. give in屈服3. go on繼續(xù)4. grow up成長5. look out小心6. show off炫耀7. set off/out出發(fā)8. stand up起立9. take off起飛10. wake up醒來動詞+副詞+介詞（后需加賓語）1. get on/along with. 與相處2. catch up with趕上；跟上3. e up to走近4. go on with繼續(xù)5. look down upon/on看不起6. look forward to盼望動詞+名詞+介詞（后需加賓語）1. take part in參加2. make fun of取笑3. make use of利用4. make friends with. 和交朋友5. shake hands with. 和握手6. take care of照料常用動詞短語歸納look1. look for尋找2. look after照顧3. look over查看4. look forward to盼望；向往5. look at看著6. look up抬頭看；查（字典）7. look into調(diào)查8. look out當心9. look out of. 從往外看10. look like看起來像11. look the same看起來一樣12. look through透過看；瀏覽put1. put off推遲2. put on穿上；上演；增加3. put away把收起來4. put out撲滅5. put down寫下6. put back放回7. put up舉起；建造；張貼turn1. turn on打開2. turn off關(guān)掉3. turn up調(diào)高（音量）4. turn down調(diào)低（音量）5. turn to朝向6. turn into變成7. turn over翻開；翻轉(zhuǎn)8. turn.into.把變成get1. get on/along （well） with sb. 與某人相處（融洽）2. get up起床3. get on上車（船、飛機、馬）4. get off下車（船、飛機、馬）5. get back回去6. get back to回到7. get away離開；逃脫8. get down下來9. get home到家10. get into進入；陷入11. get out （of.）（從）出去12. get to到達13. get together聚會take1. take off（飛機）起飛；脫掉（衣服）2. take away拿走3. take out取出4. take pride in. 對感到自豪go1. go over溫習；復習2. go into走進3. go out出去；熄滅4. go away走開5. go back回去；回顧6. go by（時間）流逝；從旁經(jīng)過7. go down下降；下沉8. go on繼續(xù)9. go through經(jīng)歷10. go to school去上學11. go home回家12. go to the doctor去看醫(yī)生make1. make a decision做決定2. make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事3. make a mistake犯錯誤4. make progress取得進步5. make friends with. 與交朋友6. make up編造；虛構(gòu)；打扮；構(gòu)成；組成7. make a face做鬼臉e1. e along一道來2. e in進來3. e into進入4. e out出來；出版5. e down下來6. e from來自7. e back回來8. e across偶然遇到9. e over過來10. e home回家11. e into use開始使用12. e on快點；得啦；跟著來；加油give1. give up放棄2. give off放出；發(fā)出（氣體、氣味、煙霧、光、水、熱等）3. give out精疲力竭；累倒；耗盡；用完；分發(fā)4. give away泄露；贈送5. give in屈服；讓步；投降be1. be friendly/kind to. 對友好2. be different from. 與不同3. be afraid of害怕4. be popular with. 受歡迎5. be interested in. 對感興趣6. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴格7. be strict in sth.對某事嚴格8. be famous/known as. 作為有名9. be famous/known for. 因著名10. be surprised at. 對驚訝11. be pleased with. 對滿意12. be proud of. 對感到自豪13. be polite/impolite to. 對有禮貌/不禮貌14. be thankful/grateful to. 對感激15. be good for. 對有好處16. be good at擅長于17. be made up of. 由構(gòu)成18. be angry with. 對生氣19. be busy with忙于20. be full of/filled with裝滿；充滿21. be late for. 遲到22. be covered with. 用覆蓋【活學活用】 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1. The film I saw yesterday_ me_（使我想起） the days when I was with my grandparents in the countryside.2. Here is the book. First_（瀏覽） the book, and then tell me what you think of it.3. Its impolite to cut in line while you are_（等待） a bus at the bus stop.4. There was a fire in the hotel at midnight last Friday. Luckily, it was soon_（撲滅）.5. When you visit a museum, you should_（注意） the instructions and not be against them.當堂檢測一、用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空，每個短語限用一次。 take off pick up put off hurry up e out 1. （xx·嘉興、舟山）My son_ a tool and began helping.2. A new book by Mo Yan will_ soon.Really? I cant wait to buy one!3. Our school had to_ the soccer games be-cause of the bad weather, which made students frustrated.4. Our plane is_ in a few minutes. Please be seated and keep your safe belt fastened.5._, you guys!You dont want to miss the train, do you?二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。（xx·紹興市越城區(qū)中考模擬）Professor Stephen Hawking died at the 1_（年紀） of 76.He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work will live on for many years. His courage and humor inspired people 2_（遍及） the world.Hawking also discovered that black holes are not 3_（完全） black but emit radiation（釋放輻射） and will probably 4_（消失） at last.Unluckily, the ALS disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few 5_（手指） on one hand and was always dependent on 6_（別人） or on technologybathing, dressing, eating and even speech.Most people value both his scientific achievements and his spiritual power. He said, “I have been 7_（幸運的） that my condition has progressed more slowly than it is often the case. But it shows that one 8_（不必） lose hope.”He used to say to his children, “9_（永不） give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty if you dont have it. Whats more, if you find love around you, remember it is there and you shouldnt 10_（拋棄） it away.”We will miss him forever.參考答案課堂突破一、1. wearing 2. written 3. lying 4. tastes 5. dropped 三、1. neednt 2. mustnt 3. may/might 4. must 5. cant四、1. reminded, of 2. look through 3. waiting for 4. put out 5. pay attention to當堂檢測一、1. picked up2. e out 【解析】此處e out意為“出版”。3. put off4. taking off 【解析】由句意理解可知飛機要起飛了。take off意為“（飛機）起飛；脫下”。5. Hurry up二、1. age 2. across 3. pletely 4. disappear 5. fingers 6. others 7. lucky 8. neednt 9. Never 10. throw