2022屆中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 知識(shí)講與練 第35課 完形填空試題解題策略方法 完形填空是中考常見的一種題型，這種題被專家稱為障礙性閱讀，也是中學(xué)生最為棘手的題型之一。它是由出題者在一篇語(yǔ)義連貫的文章中有目的地去掉一些詞語(yǔ)，形成空格，要求在給出的對(duì)應(yīng)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確的或最佳的答案，使文章恢復(fù)完整。它既考查對(duì)語(yǔ)法、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力，又考查對(duì)短文的閱讀理解能力，甚至有時(shí)還考查對(duì)時(shí)事政治等的關(guān)注。其中包括在具體的語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。完形填空題是考查同學(xué)們語(yǔ)言能力的綜合性測(cè)試題型。它集詞語(yǔ)的意義辨析、詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法及搭配、句法、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)篇理解等于一體，既考查同學(xué)們的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，又考查分析、判斷能力和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的實(shí)踐能力。對(duì)于這類試題，不少同學(xué)感到很棘手，在各種測(cè)試中總是得分不高。那么，完形填空題有沒有相應(yīng)的解題技巧呢？完形填空題的文章體裁和題材都很廣泛，有記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文，內(nèi)容涉及到天文地理、日常生活、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人物傳記和社會(huì)故事等許多方面。該題型最突出的特點(diǎn)是：容量大，分值高，選項(xiàng)干擾性強(qiáng)，既考查知識(shí)，又考查能力。但是對(duì)這樣的題，也不是毫無(wú)對(duì)策可言。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí)，不妨按以下幾點(diǎn)去做：1. 突破首句，獲取盡可能多的信息重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通常是不設(shè)空的，目的是給考生一個(gè)整體印象，同時(shí)提示短文的中心內(nèi)容或提供故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等。2. 通讀全文，把握文章的基本脈絡(luò)做完形填空題應(yīng)著眼于語(yǔ)篇理解，因?yàn)橥晷翁羁疹}中干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置極具迷惑性，如果操之過(guò)急，見空就填，可能會(huì)“只見樹木，不見森林”。因此，正確的做法是先快速瀏覽全文，理清文章脈絡(luò)，掌握文章大意，了解作者意圖，為下一步逐個(gè)解題尋找判斷的依據(jù)。同時(shí)，通讀全文也解決了那些需要通過(guò)上下文或聯(lián)系語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境的題目。為了快速瀏覽全文，掌握大意，在閱讀過(guò)程中要特別注意文章和段落的首尾句，因?yàn)檫@些句子往往就是整個(gè)篇章或段落的主題思想。它還能讓你很快了解文章的體裁、形式、涉及的內(nèi)容及作者的意圖。獲得這些重要信息，對(duì)下面的做題至關(guān)重要。3. 研讀全文，初步確定答案掌握了文章的大意后，就為進(jìn)一步做題奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這時(shí)應(yīng)細(xì)讀全文，按照文章內(nèi)容的前后順序并結(jié)合備選答案，邊讀邊分析，邊推斷正確選項(xiàng)。同時(shí)，對(duì)試題的測(cè)試部分（即文中空格）要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析。一般的設(shè)空詞有語(yǔ)用固定型和語(yǔ)境邏輯型兩大類。語(yǔ)用固定型題目一般是較為常見的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯及習(xí)語(yǔ)等，這部分試題可先行解決。在先行解決一部分試題后，部分語(yǔ)句已經(jīng)通暢，也就有了更為完整的信息，這有助于進(jìn)一步了解語(yǔ)篇及作者意圖。再經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)已知信息的分析、推理，語(yǔ)境邏輯型試題也會(huì)迎刃而解。當(dāng)然，在做題過(guò)程中也會(huì)有一部分題目的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填到空格中時(shí)，每一個(gè)單獨(dú)的語(yǔ)句都是符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的，這時(shí)考生就應(yīng)該利用已知信息，挖掘深層含義，聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)文章的主旨和語(yǔ)境要求，把握詞義的細(xì)微差別，排除干擾項(xiàng)。4. 復(fù)讀全文，全面驗(yàn)證答案填完空格后，重讀全文，這也是解題過(guò)程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解，對(duì)文章的理解也更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而如果在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章，就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來(lái)沒有注意到的問題，也就能夠根據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案。當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（紹興市柯橋區(qū)中考模擬）It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a cup of coffee. 1 I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed 2 . I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls（靈魂） because their souls belonged to the 3 .I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest puter, I saw a thin, small man 4 in front of it. “Im Steve,” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I 5 talk with you. Im busy,” he said. He was chatting online and, at the same time, he was playing a puter gamea war game. I was 6 . 7 didnt Steve want to talk with me? I tried again to speak to that puter geek（電腦迷）, 8 not a word came out of 9 mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction. I was unhappy. I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, “Leave me alone!”I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were looking at me. I 10 and nobody showed any interest. 11 , I realized that people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more interested in having a relationship with the puter 12 Steve. I wouldnt want to 13 the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines 14 people.I was worried and sunk 15 my thoughts. I didnt even notice that the coffee was bad, just as Steve didnt notice there was a person next to him.（ ）1. A. BeforeB. SinceC. AlthoughD. While（ ）2. A. painB. lonelinessC. sadnessD. pleased（ ）3. A. homeB. worldC. NetD. café（ ）4. A. sleepingB. laughingC. sittingD. learning（ ）5. A. cantB. mustntC. couldntD. neednt（ ）6. A. surprisedB. delightedC. movedD. worried（ ）7. A. WhatB. WhyC. HowD. Who（ ）8. A. butB. soC. ifD. or（ ）9. A. my B. herC. theirD. his（ ）10. A. waved my handB. shook my shoulderC. nodded my headD. raised my head（ ）11. A. From then onB. At that momentC. In allD. Above all（ ）12. A. particularlyB. usuallyC. reallyD. nicely（ ）13. A. tellB. planC. imagineD. design（ ）14. A. other thanB. instead ofC. except forD. as well as（ ）15. A. onB. betweenC. forD. in參考答案當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)1. D2. B 【解析】由下文“我看到他們的身體，但我感受不到他們的靈魂，因?yàn)樗麄兊撵`魂屬于因特網(wǎng)”可知。35. CCA 610. ABADD 1115. BACBD