第二節(jié)非謂語動詞考向分析熱考點語法填空主要考查作賓語、狀語、賓補及定語；非謂語作主語一般不直接考查，而是結合主謂一致考查。短文改錯考查基本用法：介詞后用v.­ing；todo作賓補；v.­ing作狀語；形容詞化的v.­ing和v.­ed的區(qū)別。新考向2019高考全國卷加強了對非謂語動詞作主語、賓語、表語和定語的考查。題型一關于非謂語動詞的語法填空1Scientistshaverespondedby(note) thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集) aroundhumansettlements.(2019·全國)答案noting解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后應用v.­ing形式作賓語，故填noting。2A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be) Britainsoldestfull­timeemployeestillworking40hoursaweek.(2019·全國)答案being解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞for后應用v.­ing形式作賓語，故填being。3Butsomestudentsdidntwant(wear) theuniform.(2019·浙江)答案towear解析考查非謂語動詞。want后加不定式作賓語，構成wanttodosth.“想要做某事”。故填towear。4Istillremember(visit) afriendwhodlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadntcookedonceinallthattime.(2018·浙江)答案visiting解析考查動名詞作賓語。rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事。5Youmaydrink，smoke，beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die) earlybyrunning.(2018·全國)答案dying解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞of后接動詞時要用其動名詞形式，故填dying。6Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid(look) directlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged.(2018·全國)答案looking解析考查非謂語動詞。avoid后接動名詞作賓語。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。7Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat) morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國)答案eating解析考查非謂語動詞。表示方式的介詞by后接動名詞作賓語。故填eating。8Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，(lay) thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全國)答案laying解析考查非謂語動詞。included后的dig，lay，build是三個并列的動作，根據digging及building可知，lay也應用動名詞形式。9ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wants(prove) thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國)答案toprove解析考查固定搭配。wanttodosth.想要做某事，為固定搭配。1介詞后跟v.­ing構成介賓結構：by/of/from/with/without/after等。2需加v.­ing作賓語的動詞(詞組)：avoid，enjoy，finish，admit，consider，escape，advise，suggest，mind，include，keep，recommend，practice，imagine，dreamof，setabout等。3to為介詞的短語：be/get/becomeusedtodoing習慣于beaccustomedtodoing習慣于beaddictedtodoing沉溺于；對上癮beopposedtodoing反對objecttodoing反對devoteoneselfto獻身于；專心于bedevotedto致力于；忠誠于beadmittedto被錄??；準許進入leadtodoing導致contributetodoing貢獻；導致；促進lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事sticktodoingsth.堅持做某事beequaltosth.勝任做某事haveaccessto有接近(某物的)方法attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.重視做某事getdowntodoingsth.開始做某事thekey/approach to doing sth.做某事的關鍵/方法whenitcomesto當談到4需加todo作賓語的動詞：agree，afford，attempt，choose，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish，wouldlike等。接todo與v.­ing含義有區(qū)別的動詞：trytodosth.盡力做某事/trydoingsth.試著去做某事meantodosth.打算去做某事/meandoingsth.意味著做某事regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事/regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事remembertodosth.記得要去做某事/rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事/forgetdoingsth.忘記做過了某事stoptodosth.停下去做別的事/stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事goontodosth.接著做另外的事/goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來的事canthelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/canthelptodosth.不能幫助做某事/havenochoicebuttodosth.別無選擇只能做某事1Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire) fromher36­year­oldbusiness.(2019·全國)答案toretire解析考查不定式作定語。此處用todosth.作后置定語，用來修飾前面的名詞plan，表示“的計劃”，故填toretire。2Whenwegotacall(say) shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019·全國)答案saying解析考查非謂語動詞。動詞say與其邏輯主語acall之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故此處用現在分詞作后置定語，故填saying。3Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，(listen) tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·全國)答案listening解析考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為“wereinvited”，所以listen應用非謂語動詞形式。we與listento之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結構這一規(guī)律解題，and后的meetinginterestinglocals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。4Nervously(face) challenges，IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”(2019·北京)答案facing解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞作狀語，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語I，主語I與動詞face之間為主動關系，所以用現在分詞作狀語。5EarthDay，(mark) on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京)答案marked解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：地球日即4月22日，是一項旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識的年度活動。根據句意以及句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞作定語；動詞mark與EarthDay之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。6(enjoy) theconvenienceofdigitalpayment，manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019·江蘇)答案Toenjoy解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：為了享受電子支付的方便，很多老年市民開始使用智能手機。分析句子結構可知，這里表示目的，故用不定式作目的狀語。故選A。7Chinasimageisimprovingsteadily，withmorecountries(recognize) itsroleininternationalaffairs.(2019·江蘇)答案recognizing解析考查with復合結構。分析句子可知，此處是with復合結構，動詞recognize與其邏輯主語countries之間是主謂關系，故用現在分詞形式。8Chinasapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed) itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebanksJuergenVoegele.(2018·全國)答案feeding解析考查非謂語動詞之現在分詞。China與feed是主動關系，所以用“連詞現在分詞”形式作狀語。9Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedme(stay) andwatch.(2018·全國)答案tostay解析考查非謂語動詞之動詞不定式。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事，為固定搭配。10Ordinarysoap，(use) correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)答案used解析因為句子中已有謂語動詞，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動關系，因此應用過去分詞，即過去分詞作狀語，usedcorrectly相當于ifitisusedcorrectly這個條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當，可以有效地清除細菌。11IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take)(2018·天津)答案taken解析句意為：我需要一個新護照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查havesth.done結構，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。myphotograph與take之間是被動關系，故需用take的過去分詞形式。12Theyarerequired(process) thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國)答案toprocess解析考查非謂語動詞之動詞不定式。requiresth.todosth.需要某物做某事，此處用了被動語態(tài)結構，所以填動詞不定式toprocess作主語補足語。1非謂語動詞和其邏輯主語構成一定的關系：v.­ing表示主動、進行；v.­ed表示被動、完成，todo表將來。非謂語作定語，邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞。非謂語作狀語，邏輯主語往往是句子的主語。非謂語作賓補，邏輯主語是賓語。2提分小訣竅：結果狀語av.­ing表示自然而然的結果。btodo表出乎意料的結果，往往構成onlytodo結構。todo作目的狀語往往不和主句用逗號隔開；v.­ing作伴隨、時間、條件或結果狀語，往往用逗號與主句隔開。todo作賓補的動詞asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.說服某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事感官使役動詞感官使役動詞5看lookatsb.do(省略to的不定式)sb.doing sth.doneseewatchnoticeobserve3使makelethave2聽hearlistento1感feel特殊4findsb.doingsth. 發(fā)現某人正在做某事sth.done發(fā)現某事被做catchsb.doingsth.當場抓住某人做某事keepsb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/某物持續(xù)做某事oneselfdone讓某人自己leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事sth.undone留下某事未做1getsth.donehavesth.done使由別人去做sb.doingsth.使某人開始做某事sb.todosth.havesb.dosth.使某人做某事todo作定語thefirst，second(序數詞)，next，only或者形容詞最高級，需要用todo作定語。有些名詞后跟不定式作賓語，即：promise，plan，attempt，offer，decision，ability，chance，way，aim，goal，ambition，purpose，willingness等。with的復合結構with賓語doing(表示主動且進行)with賓語done(表示被動且完成)with賓語todo(表示將來)1Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldnthelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get) there.(2019·全國)答案toget解析考查動詞不定式。此處是句式“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”表示“某人花費多長時間做某事”，其中it為形式主語，todo不定式為真正的主語。故填toget。2(learn) tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltodayschildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019·天津)答案Learning解析考查動名詞。分析句子結構可知，主句的謂語動詞是is，is之前的內容是主語，故此處應用動名詞短語作主語。3Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeel(challenge)(2018·全國)答案challenged解析考查形容詞化的v.­ed。連系動詞feel后要接形容詞作表語。challengedadj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的；challengingadj.困難的，富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。由語境可知，填challenged。4Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto(become) commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears，itsnotwithoutacost.(2018·浙江)答案havebecome解析根據語境和時間狀語inrecentyears可知，此處應該用現在完成時，說明造成的結果或影響，即havebecome。5(travel) alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018·北京)答案Traveling解析考查動名詞。分析句子結構可知，主句的謂語動詞是is，is之前的內容是主語，故此處應用動名詞短語作主語。6Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(annoy) withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)答案annoyed解析考查形容詞化的v.­ed。形容詞annoyed表示“惱怒的，煩惱的”，該詞是由過去分詞轉換而來的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient一起與系動詞get構成系表結構。1非謂語作主語確定謂語動詞，然后確定是否是非謂語動詞作主語。v.­ing表一般習慣性的動作；to do表具體的動作。2系動詞(4個) seem，appear，prove，turnout和抽象名詞(5個) aim，goal，ambition，purpose，wish后用不定式作表語。3設空前為系動詞，含be，get，go，feel，grow，become，seem，后面非謂語的形式根據含義選擇v.­ing或者v.­ed。4形容詞化的v.­ing，表示名詞的屬性，表“令人的”人或物；形容詞化的v.­ed，表示名詞的心理狀態(tài)。翻譯成：“感到的”；一般修飾voice，look，expression時，其前往往用v.­ed形式，表示內心的感受。1Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensive(perform) consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全國)答案toperform解析考查非謂語動詞。本句含有“主語beadj.不定式”結構，主語通常是不定式動作的承受者，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。故填toperform。2Ididntmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldnthelp(try) it.(2018·天津)答案toeat；trying解析句意為：我沒打算吃東西，但這冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。meantodosth.打算做某事；meandoingsth.意味著做某事；canthelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；canthelp (to) dosth.不能幫助做某事。3Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term (rest)(2017·全國)答案resting解析考查固定搭配。spendtime (in) doingsth.“花時間做某事”為固定搭配。4Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，youllbelesslikely _(bring) yourworkhome.(2016·全國)答案tobring解析考查不定式的用法。belikelytodosth.很可能做某事。5Ittookyearsofwork(reduce) theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新課標全國)答案toreduce解析此處為固定句式“Ittakes (sb.) sometimetodosth.”這個句式里it是形式主語，不定式是真正的主語。1todoenoughtodosth.足夠()去做某事belikelytodosth.很可能做某事too.to.太而不能beusedtodosth.被用來做某事bedesignedtodosth.被設計用來做某事beintendedtodosth.打算做某事tendto傾向于betoblame應受責備(無被動)aimtodosth.旨在做某事beeagertodosth.渴望做某事thefirst/last(序數詞) to do sth.第一個/最后一個做某事的人theaim/ability/chance/opportunity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target to do sth.做某事的目的/能力/機會/計劃/承諾/目的/雄心/目標cant/canhardlywaittodosth.迫不及待做某事Thereisnoneedtodosth.沒有必要做某事。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花多少時間做某事。sb./sth.be said/besupposed/believed/bethought/known/reportedtodo/to be done/tohavedone據說/認為/報道某人/某物itremainstobeseen.尚待分曉；拭目以待2v.­ingbe (well) worthdoingsth.值得做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事havefundoingsth.做某事很開心feellikedoingsth.想做某事getusedtodoingsth.習慣于做某事Itsnouse/good/pleasure (in) doingsth.做某事沒有用處/好處/樂趣havedifficulty/trouble (in) doingsth.做某事有困難haveadifficult/hardtime (in) doingsth.做某事有困難bebusy (in) doingsth.忙于做某事spendmoney/time (in) doingsth.花費金錢或時間做某事prevent/stop.(from) doingsth.阻止做某事aimatdoingsth.旨在做某事succeed (in) doingsth.成功地做成了某事Thereisnosense/point (in) doingsth.做某事沒有意義。主語beadj.todo句型適用于此結構的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。題型二關于非謂語動詞的短文改錯1Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全國)答案saysaying解析考查現在分詞。句中的say與其邏輯主語Allthefootballplayers之間是主動關系，且其表示的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，應用現在分詞作狀語，表示伴隨狀況。故將say改為saying。2Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.(2018·全國)答案waitwaiting解析考查非謂語動詞。Everyonewassilent句子主系表結構完整，沒有并列連詞和從句引導詞，所以wait應該用非謂語形式。Everyone和wait之間是主動關系，所以用waiting作伴隨狀語。3Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.(2013·新課標全國)答案HaveHaving解析考查非謂語動詞。“Haveteainthelateafternoon”是本句話的主語，動詞原形不可以作主語，應將“Have”改成“Having”。根據句子結構判定：首先分析句子結構，若句子已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，動詞必定用作非謂語動詞；當動詞確定是非謂語動詞時，要根據非謂語動詞和它的邏輯主語之間的關系來判斷是用現在分詞還是用過去分詞或不定式。1Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”(2019·全國)答案have前加to解析考查固定搭配。wantsb./sth.to do sth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。故在have前加to。2No matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not let me. (2018·全國)答案watchingwatch解析考查固定搭配。asktodosth.要求做某事。3Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.(2018·全國)答案eager后加to解析考查固定搭配。(be) eagertodosth.渴望做某事，為固定搭配。1help (to) do, to可省2感官和使役動詞：5看lookat, see，watch, notice，observe3使make，let, have2聽hear，listento1感feel注意：后接不定式作賓補，省略to；但是變?yōu)楸粍拥臅r候，需要補上to。3?？键c：asksb.todosth.，invitesb.todosth.，beeagertodosth., promisetodosth.，情態(tài)動詞(not)動詞原形(不能有to)1IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全國)答案managemanaging解析考查固定搭配。succeed (in) doingsth.成功做成某事。故把manage改為managing。2Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish. (2018·全國)答案sellselling解析考查非謂語動詞。by是介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。故把sell改為selling。3Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.(2016·全國)答案taketaking解析考查非謂語動詞。此處為between.and.結構，根據前面的stayingathome可知，此處也要用動名詞形式，與前面保持一致。介詞后v.­ing：by/of/from/with/without/after等。1Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全國)答案interestinginterested解析考查形容詞化的分詞。句意為：多虧一個偶然的事件，我對踢足球產生了興趣。interesting“有趣的，吸引人的”，通常描述事物；interested“感興趣的”，通常描述人的感受。本句主語是人，故把interesting改為interested。2OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國)答案amazingamazed解析考查形容詞化的分詞。amazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的。v.­ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到的”；v.­ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故用v.­ed形式的形容詞。3Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國)答案interestinginterested解析考查形容詞化的分詞。interesting意為“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意為“感興趣的”，多指人。該句的主語是they，故用interested。beinterestedin對感興趣。1形容詞化的v.­ing，表示“令人的”，常修飾物。2形容詞化的v.­ed，表示“感到的”，常修飾人。3特別注意的幾個詞匯：voice，look，expression，其前往往用v.­ed修飾，表示內心的感受。增分訓練增分單句訓練.單句語法填空1Toguaranteethesafetyofthepalace，festivalorganizers (plan) thisyearsLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditionalpaperlanternsandredcandles.(2019·湖北八校聯考)答案planning解析考查非謂語動詞。句子的主語為festivalorganizers，謂語動詞為used，由此確定plan需要用非謂語形式。plan和其邏輯主語，即句子的主語festivalorganizers構成主動關系，所以應該用v.­ing形式。2TheeffectwassowonderfulthatDaShuhua(非遺打樹花) graduallygainedmoreappealthanfirecrackers，(attract) manypeopleinthecelebration.(2019·河南百校聯盟質檢)答案attracting解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語動詞形式。DaShuhua與attract之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，故應用v.­ing形式。3Thereareplentyofbreathtakingwalkstochoosefromwhichwillleadyou(discover) Dartmoofsancientandrugged(崎嶇的) charm！(2019·河南六市聯考)答案todiscover解析考查非謂語動詞。固定短語：leadsb.todosth.“引導某人做某事”。故填todiscover。4Iturgesallcountriestomakedecisionsandtakeimmediateactiontostopitfrom(pollute) anymore.(2019·遼寧撫順模擬)答案beingpolluted解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞from后接動名詞作賓語，it與pollute之間是被動關系，故填beingpolluted。5Joeoffered(pay) thedriver，gotoutofthetaxi，andranalongthepavementandpastalltheshopwindows.(2019·東北三省四市一模)答案topay解析考查不定式。此處表示“喬主動提出付司機錢”。offer to do sth.主動做某事。故填to pay。6FromMay20toJune2，morethan50shows(select) nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai.(2019·山東濟南三模)答案selected解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，主語為morethan50shows，謂語動詞為willbeperformed。select只能用作非謂語，select和其邏輯主語morethan50shows構成被動關系，所以用過去分詞selected。7Iwontcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomesto(hold) chopsticks.(2019·湖北武漢外國語學校質檢)答案holding解析考查固定搭配。whenitcomesto意為“當提到”，to是介詞，其后應該用v.­ing形式。8Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance(celebrate) Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)(2019·吉林遼源二模)答案tocelebrate解析考查不定式短語作后置定語。chance后面需要用todo作定語。9Often(consider) themostimportantmealoftheyear，thereuniondinnerisbothdeliciousandrootedinChinesetradition.(2019·湖北武漢調研)答案considered解析考查非謂語動詞。通過分析可知，句子的謂語是is。此處沒有并列連詞，沒有從句引導詞，所以consider需要用非謂語形式，和句子的主語thereuniondinner構成被動關系，所以用過去分詞considered。10EverytimeIgointohisoffice，itsinahugemess，withcomputers(pull) apartandpiecesoftelescopealloverhisdesk.(2019·廣西南寧適應性測試)答案pulled解析考查with的復合結構。pullapart(拆開)和賓語computer是被動的關系，所以應該填過去分詞pulled。.易錯練習1ChinesePresidentgmadethepraiseinaletter(write) tothestudentsinBeijingsBayiSchoolonSaturday.(2019·安徽宣城二模)答案written解析考查非謂語動詞。句中的名詞letter與write之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。句意為：周六，國家主席習近平在寫給北京八一學校學生的一封信中做出了表揚。故填written。2Driversarenottheonlyones(blame) fortheirresponsibilitythatleadstomanyautomobileaccidents.答案toblame解析考查非謂語作定語。 (be) toblame (forsth.)結構表示“應受責備”，沒有被動形式。3Ateam(lead) byresearchersfromtheUniversityofExeteranalyzedUKBiobankdata(基因數據庫) frommorethan48,000peoplewithdepressionandcomparedthemtoanothergroupofmorethan290,000people.(2019·福建廈門一模)答案led解析考查非謂語動詞。空后是by，被動標志詞，空前的team與動詞lead之間構成被動關系，“由研究者所帶領的團隊”，過去分詞作后置定語修飾前面的名詞，故填led。4While(swim)，Myles, myfour­year­oldsonhadsomehowleftthekidsareaandgotintotheadultspool.(2019·山西實驗中學質檢)答案swimming解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，此處為狀語從句的省略，補充完整為WhileMyleswasswimming，此處省略了主語和be動詞。故填swimming。5(build) over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina，thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtoday.(2019·甘肅天水一中三模)答案Built解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，逗號前的部分在句中作狀語。主語thisamazingengineeringachievement與build之間為被動關系，且由時間狀語over2,200yearsago可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，故用build的過去分詞形式。故填Built。.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1Accordingtoapaperpublishingin2017，pigscantellbetweenthosewhotreatthemwellandthosewhodont.(2019·湖北黃岡高三聯考)答案publishingpublished解析publish與其邏輯主語apaper(論文)之間構成被動關系，所以應用過去分詞作后置定語。2Imlookingforwardtothesummervacation.HowexciteditwillbetobuylovelyTintinproducts! (2019·河北唐山三模)答案excitedexciting解析it是形式主語，真正的主語是tobuylovelyTintinproducts，所以應該用exciting，表示令人興奮的。3Afterthat，avolunteeractivitywilltakeplaceinthenearbycommunity，offertheAmericanstudentsanopportunitytoknowmoreaboutChinaandmakefriendswithChinesestudents.答案offeroffering解析分析句子結構可知，本句的謂語動詞是willtakeplace，且句中沒有并列連詞，也沒有從句，那么offer應該用非謂語形式。offer與其邏輯主語avolunteeractivity之間是主動關系，故用offering。4Alwaysgetthelightscheckingatleastonceaweekandmakesurethefloorisdryallthetime.(2019·安徽定遠二模)答案checkingchecked解析此處考查“get賓語賓補”的結構。check和賓語lights之間構成被動關系，所以用checked。5Afterfallingoffandclimbbackontotheboardmanytimes，IeventuallymadeitandIreallyenjoyedtherestofmytimeonthewater.(2019·遼寧大連二模)答案climbclimbing解析after后面需要用v.­ing形式。and連接的兩個并列成分在形式上要一致，由falling也可推知，此處應用climbing。6Thepoemrhymeisveryshort，whichmakesiteasyunderstand.(2019·山東鄆城一中三模)答案understand前加to解析此處it是形式賓語，todo不定式作真正的賓語。7Whenwedroveupthemountain，Ifoundthetopcoveringwithsnowandice！(2019·湘贛十四校聯考)答案coveringcovered解析此處是“find賓語賓補”結構。cover和賓語thetop之間構成被動關系，所以用covered。8Lookedatmyworkwithsatisfaction，Icouldnthelpimagininghowdelightedmygrandmawouldbe.(2019·湖南懷化二模)答案LookedLooking解析分析句子可知，look需用非謂語動詞形式。look和句子的主語I之間構成主動關系，所以用looking。9Atthismoment，Ifoundthecitywassointeresting.HowIregretignoreitsbeautybefore!答案ignoreignoring解析此處表示我后悔以前忽視了它的美。所以應該用regretdoingsth.“后悔做了某事”。10ImsurethatbylearnChinesecalligraphy，youwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculturethaneverbefore.(2019·安徽淮北、宿州二模)答案learnlearning解析介詞后需要用v.­ing構成介賓結構。增分寫作訓練非謂語動詞在寫作中的應用非謂語動詞是高中階段的重點語法，如能應用在寫作中便能夠為你的作文增光添彩。請按括號內的要求升級一下下列句式。1Firstofall, IhavelivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavelearntEnglishsinceIwasachild，soIhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.(v.­ing作狀語)(2019·全國)Firstofall，havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild，IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.2Irepresentmywholeclass，andwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.(v.­ing作狀語)(2019·全國)Representingmywholeclass，Iwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.3Wearefullypreparedforthecompetitionandwehavefaiththatwewillwin.(v.­ed作狀語，v.­ing作賓語)(2019·全國)Fullypreparedforthecompetition，wehavefaithinourwinningthecompetition.強化練(四).語法填空(2019·甘肅蘭州實戰(zhàn)考試)WhatisReading?Reading is actually a very complex process that requires a great deal of active 1.(participate) on the part of the reader.It is an active thinking process involving the interaction between the reader and the print.That is to say，the readers former knowledge about the topic to 2.(read) andhislanguageknowledge (vocabularyandgrammar) directlyaffecthisunderstandingofthereadingmaterialand3.turn，thenewinformationaboutthetopic4.(contain) inthereadingmaterialwillenlargethereadersformerknowledge.Readingisaveryimportant5.(mean) ofgainingknowledgeaboutculture，custom，science，educationandtechnologyfromothersorothercountries.Itisagoodwayoflearningthemostadvancedhightechnology6.(serve) theneedsofthesocialdevelopmentandtheinterestsofourpeople.Readingis7.inseparablecomponentoftheEnglishlearning.Weshouldlaysolidfoundationsforouradvancededucation，andwecanmasterthelanguagebyreading8.(large)However，itisaverycomplexactivity9.involvesalmostallpsychologicalprocesses10.(include) sensation，perception，motorbehavior，motivation，attention，emotion，cognitionandall