閱讀理解+七選五.閱讀理解ACakanisasuccessfulbusinessmanfromMontenegro，whohasearnedhimselfnicknames(昵稱) like“thebestboss”and“Brother”bybeingsurprisinglygeneroustohisemployees.Cakan，whoowns“CakanSports”，thelargestsportinggoodsstorechaininMontenegro，hasbeenmakingnewsheadlinesforyears，butnotforhisprofessionalsuccess.Heisbestknownforthegenerosityheshowstohisfaithfulandhard­workingemployees.Thebusinessmanfirmlybelievesthathiscompanycanboomonlyifhekeepshisemployeeshappy，andtothatend，hehasofferedthebestofthemsomeprettyunbelievablepresents.Cakanfirstsurprisedhisworkersbackin2012，whenheofferedfourofthembrandnewcars2VWGolf6and2VWpolocompletewithpaidinsurance.Theyweresomeoftheoldestandmosthard­workingemployeesofCakanSports，andsincethecompanyhadrecentlymoveditsoperationsoutsidethecity，Cakanthoughthisbestpeopleshouldnthavetostruggletogettowork.“Whenwesawthem，wewerespeechless，”Danijela，oneofthereceivers，remembers.“Whilethebosswassayingthisisagiftforyou，allIcouldthinkofwasthisisnotreal，thiscantbehappeningtous”ButthiswasjustoneofthegenerouswaysCakanhasrewardedhisemployeesovertheyears.In2014，afterhearingthatoneofhisworkershadbeensavinguphispaycheckssohecouldbuyatickettotheWorldCupsoccerfinal，inBrazil，hetookhimtherehimself，athisownexpense.Askedwhyhedoesntuseacheapermeansofmotivatinghisemployees，likeasmallraiseoracashbonus，Cakanhadthistosay，“Moneycomesandgoes，butmemoriesareforever.”Askedwhymanyofhisemployeescallhim“Brother”，Cakantoldareporterthatitwasbecause“brothersalwayshelpeachother”1WhatisCakanbestnotedfor?AHisfrequentheadlinenewsforyears.BHisgreatsuccessinhisbusiness.CHisextremegenerositytohisemployees.DHislargestsportinggoodsstorechain.2WhydidCakanofferhisfourbestworkersnewcars?ATomakethemtraveltoworkeasily.BTorewardtheircreativeideasinwork.CToencouragethemtogettoworkearlier.DTohelpthemreducetrafficexpenses.3Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AASmartBusinessmanBAConsiderateEmployerCHard­workingEmployeesDUnbelievablePresentsBWhatdoyouusuallydowhenyouhavesomefreetime？Doyoutakepartinanyformofhobby？Ifyouranswerisno，thenyoushouldthinktwice.Cultivatingsometypesofinterestorhobbiesmightbetheidealwaytodevelopyourbrainandimproveyourcreativethinking.Hereisacommonproblemthatmanyolderpeoplehave.Theyhavespentsuchagreatdealoftimeraisingtheirfamilythatoncetheirchildrenaregrownandlefthome，theyallofasuddenstarttoexperiencetheirage.Quiteoften，itisnottheiragethatistheconcern.Itisthefactthattheyareunexpectedlyofferedmoretimeontheirhands.Whenyouputintoomuchtimenotdoinganything，thiscanaffectyourbrain.Thisisjustwheretheexpression“Ifyoudontuseit，youloseit”definitelyisthetruth.Yourmindneedsworkingoutmuchlikeanyothermusclesinyourbody.Thisiswhygettingahobbymatters.Itoffersyousomethingtodoandisaperfectwaytomeetnewpeople.Enjoyingahobbyisalsoaperfectwaytoimprovecreativethinkingatanyage.Evenyoungchildrencanprofitfromtakinganewhobby.Forretiredpeople，enjoyingahobbywhichtheycanfindentertainmentinwiththeirgrandchildrenwillhelpkeepthemactiveandfeelyoungatheart.Severalhobbiesthatareterrificforbothyourmindandyourbodyincludeyoga，biking，swimmingandgolf.Ifyouarentfondofsports，eventakingawalkregularlyisawonderfulwaytokeepactive.Ithelpsyoutoappreciatefreshsceneryandithasbeensuggestedthatthecolorsgreenandbluehelpmakeyoumorecreative.Asyoucanseeabove，youcangetprettymuchfromtakingahobby.Withsomanychoiceswaitingforyou，beginyourjourneyrightaway!4WhatcanbeimpliedaboutmanyolderpeoplefromParagraph2?ATheylackcreativethinking.BTheyshoulddeveloptheirbrain.CTheyconcernabouttheirage.DTheyusedtohavelittlefreetime.5Whydoesgettingahobbymatteraccordingtothetext?AItstrengthensonesbrain.BIthelpsbuilduponesmuscles.CItenablesonetomakefriends.DItimprovesoneslivingconditions.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terrific”inParagraph5probablymean?ASpecific.BDisgusting.CWonderful.DFundamental.7Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ATryingDifferentHobbiesBSpendingYourFreeTimeCExperiencingYourHobbyNowDFeelingYoungatHeartCCouldthedevice，smartphoneorPC，whichyouareusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit？Totestit，researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有軌電車) problem”：Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowards，fivepeopleweretieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing，resultinginthedeathoffivepeople，orpushamanoffthebridge，whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives，which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose，comparedwith22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems，theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional，reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma，”DrAlbertBarque­Duran，theleadauthorofthestudy，toldCity，UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy，DrBarque­Durannoted，“Duetothefactthatoursociallives，workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline，itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged，andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”Itsclearthatweneedmoreresearchesonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecision­makingbecausewereusingscreensatanever­increasingrate.8Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?ATointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.BTointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.CToshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.DToshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?ACalmly.BCruelly.CHesitantly.DEnthusiastically.10DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs，smartphones.AhelppeoplebearmorepressureBhelppeoplemakedecisionsquickCmakepeoplefeelmorementallydistantDmakepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11Whatcanweinferfromthetext?AShoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.BThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.CPeoplewhooftenusesmartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.DItiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.七選五(2018·湖南郴州第二次質(zhì)檢)TeenageBrainsintheDigitalWorldWhenitcomestotechnology，adultswontbeabletokeepupwiththeirchildren.Ittooktheradio38yearstoreach50millionpeople，butittookonly20yearsforthephonetoreachthesamenumber，and13yearsforthetelevision.Incontrast，ittookFacebook3.6years.12.Overthe15years，digitalcommunicationhasbroughtinmorechangesthantheprintingpressdidin1570.Andthosemostlikelytousetheminthisworldareteenagers，whosebrainsappeartohaveanextraordinarycapacitytoadapttotheworldaroundthem.13，enablingteenagerstokeepupwiththeincreasingpaceofdigitaltechnologyandgivingthemanadvantagewhenitcomestomultitasking(多重任務(wù)處理)IntheUS，onaverageteenagersspend8.5hoursadayusingcomputers，mobiles，andotherdevicestolearn，interactandplay.14，suchastalkingonthephonewhileyourewatchingTV.Astheystareatthesescreens，theyretakinginandsortingthroughanincredibleamountofinformation.15.YouTubeindicatesthatteenagersallovertheworldarewatchingthesameclipsandlaughingatthesamejoke，indicatingthattheyaremoreglobal­mindedthanteenagersinthepast.Theymaybekeenontextingtheirfriendsandpostingupdatesonsocialmediasites.16.Bytheageof30，ourbrainswillbecomemoresetintheirways，makingitharderforustoadaptandcopewiththenewtechnology.AHowever，thereisacut­offBTwitteronlyneeded88daysCThereareconcernsabouthowtomakefriendsonlineDThereisanadvantageofthegrowingdigitaltrendEHavingamoreflexiblebrainmeanscertainpartsofithaventdevelopedyetFThismeansthattheteenagebrainscanadapttonewtechnologyGThisincreasesto11.5hoursifyouincludeallthemultitaskingthatgoeson答案解析.1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，察坎以對員工非常的慷慨而著名。故答案為C。2A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“Cakan thought his best people shouldnt have to struggle to get to work”可知，察坎為他最優(yōu)秀的員工提供汽車是為了讓他們輕松地去上班。由此可知答案為A。3B標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文敘述的是一位慷慨、體貼的老板察坎。故“A Considerate Employer(一位體貼的老板)”作本文標(biāo)題最佳。語篇解讀文章介紹了業(yè)余愛好對老年人的好處：鍛煉腦力、強(qiáng)身健體。作者呼吁人們馬上行動(dòng)起來。4D推理判斷題。由第二段中的“They have spent such a great deal of time raising their family.Quite often，it is not their age that is the concern.It is the fact that they are unexpectedly offered more time on their hands.”可知，很多老年人年輕時(shí)把時(shí)間主要用來養(yǎng)家糊口，年老之后，他們擔(dān)心的不是變老，而是他們有了過多的可以自由支配的時(shí)間。由此推知，他們原來很少有自由時(shí)間。故D選項(xiàng)正確。5A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Your mind needs working out much like any other muscles in your body.This is why getting a hobby matters.”可知，就像你身體的其他部位一樣，你的大腦需要鍛煉。這就是業(yè)余愛好重要的原因。可知，業(yè)余愛好可以鍛煉大腦、增強(qiáng)腦力。故A選項(xiàng)正確。6C詞義猜測題。第三段和第四段主要介紹了業(yè)余愛好可以鍛煉腦力，同時(shí)對身體有好處。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，該畫線單詞意思應(yīng)為C選項(xiàng)：極好的。7C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要介紹了業(yè)余愛好對老年人的好處。最后一段是總結(jié)段。最后一段提到我們可以從業(yè)余愛好中受益。你可以有很多選擇，馬上開始吧。故C項(xiàng)適合做該文標(biāo)題。語篇解讀本文是一篇科普類文章。你所使用的手機(jī)或電腦設(shè)備能否影響你的道德決策？為此，研究者對1,010位參與者做了研究。8C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic trolley(有軌電車) problem”可推斷出，作者提到有軌電車問題，只是展示了研究中問題的一個(gè)例子。故選C。9A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems，they were more likely to make more unemotional，reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma”可知，面對情感困境，手機(jī)使用者能夠更冷靜地處理。故選A。10C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”可知，與電腦相比，手機(jī)更使人感到精神上的疏遠(yuǎn)。故選C。11D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Due to the fact that our social lives，work and even shopping take place online，it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed，and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily.”可知，在日常生活中，人們參與道德決策是很普遍的。.語篇解讀提及技術(shù)，成年人將無法跟上他們的孩子。本文論述的是數(shù)字世界里的青少年大腦。12B根據(jù)上文“but it took only 20 years for the phone to reach the same number，and 13 years for the television.In contrast，it took Facebook 3.6 years.”由此可知，B項(xiàng)(Twitter only needed 88 days.推特只需要88天。)與之匹配。13F根據(jù)上句：他們的大腦似乎有非凡的能力去適應(yīng)周圍的世界。以及下文的“enabling teenagers to keep up with the increasing pace of digital technology”可知，此處說的是青少年的大腦可以適應(yīng)新技術(shù)。故答案為F。14G根據(jù)上句：在美國，青少年平均每天花8.5小時(shí)在電腦、手機(jī)和其他設(shè)備上學(xué)習(xí)、互動(dòng)和玩耍。G項(xiàng)指出，如果你把所有的多任務(wù)處理都包括在內(nèi)，這就增加到11.5小時(shí)，承接上句。15D根據(jù)下文：視頻網(wǎng)站表示，全世界的青少年都在觀看同樣的片段，并因?yàn)橥粋€(gè)笑話而哈哈大笑，這表明他們比過去的青少年更具有全球意識?？芍?，數(shù)字趨勢的增長是有優(yōu)勢的。故選D。16A根據(jù)下句：到30歲時(shí)，我們的大腦將會變得僵化，讓我們更難適應(yīng)和應(yīng)對新技術(shù)?？芍丝盏囊馑际牵哼m應(yīng)新技術(shù)也不是無限制的，有一個(gè)截止。此空位于句首，和上文內(nèi)容是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。9