課 時 作 業(yè) 29.閱讀理解(2019·福建省廈門第一中學高三月考)There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto is proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouse gases. But we can say with certainty that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planet has warmed in recent years, it is not due to changes in solar activity.The Sun's energy output has not increased since direct measurements began in 1978. If increased solar output really was responsible, we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.Our solar system has eight planets, three dwarf planets and quite a few moons with at least a thin atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be affected by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance and even volcanic eruptions, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time.One theory is that winds have recently swept some areas of Mars clean of dust, darkening the surface, warming the Red Planet and leading to further increases in windinessa positive feedback effect.Observations of the thickness of Pluto's atmosphere in 2002 suggested the dwarf planet was warming even as its orbit took it further from the Sun. The finding confused astronomers at the time, and the cause had yet to be determined.It has since been suggested that this is due to a greenhouse effect: As it gets closer to the Sun, Pluto may warm enough for some of the methane ice on its surface to turn into a gas. This would cause further warming, which would continue for a while even after Pluto's orbit starts to take it away from the Sun.本文是一篇科普說明文，有人認為地球變暖是因為太陽活動而不是溫室氣體，文章駁斥了這個觀點。同時對太陽系里另外一些星星的變暖情況分別進行了分析。1What cause(s)the warming of some planets?AThe solar system.BTheir local factors.CVolcanic mountains.DThe thin atmosphere.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第二句Their climates will be affected by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance and even volcanic eruptions可知，導致某些星球變暖的原因很多，可能是受到這些星球的當地因素的影響。故B項正確。2What is the outcome of the recent winds on Mars?AThey've cooled the planet.BThey've left a clear sky.CThey've caused more winds.DThey've helped clean the planet.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據文章第四段One theory is that winds have recently swept some areas of Mars clean of dust, darkening the surface, warming the Red Planet and leading to further increases in windinessa positive feedback effect.可知，火星上的風吹走了灰塵，讓火星變暖同時也會導致風力的進一步變大。故C項正確。3What do we know about the thickness of Pluto's atmosphere?AIt remains mysterious.BIt troubled astronauts.CIt has become thinner.DIt contributes to the warming.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段第一句Observations of the thickness of Pluto's atmosphere in 2002 suggested the dwarf planet was warming even as its orbit took it further from the Sun.可知，冥王星厚厚的大氣層導致了冥王星變暖。故D項正確。4Which of the following might lead to the warming on Earth according to the writer?ASolar activity.BMars and Pluto.CGreenhouse gases.DThe Sun's energy output.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第一句可知有人認為地球變暖是因為太陽活動而不是溫室氣體。根據第二句But we can say with certainty that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planet has warmed in recent years, it is not due to changes in solar activity.可知，我們可以確切地說地球變暖不是因為太陽運動，也就是說地球變暖是由溫室氣體導致的。故C項正確。.完形填空(2019·濟南一中模擬)I went with some colleagues from my office for a dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was _1_ business time and the restaurant was packed. We _2_ found a table in a corner for three of us.As soon as we sat down, we heard a crash when a cleaning boy _3_ the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was _4_ and no one was saying or doing anything.In a flash I remembered my _5_ many years ago. Once, I _6_ in the airport because I had rushed there on my own on an empty stomach. I was picked up and taken care of by two _7_. Now this was my chance to _8_ it forward.I ran to the young man's side immediately, turned him on his back and screamed for someone to _9_ a hot drink. Soon people started asking if I was a doctor. I said I was not, _10_ I was skillful at blacking out (暈厥)The kid soon opened his eyes, _11_ what had happened. I _12_ him by saying it was OK and I had had a _13_ experience. He had not eaten anything. I held the _14_ drink to his mouth till he finished it and sat with him till he felt OK. By then the _15_ had arrived. I asked her to give the kid something to eat. I offered to pay.The manager was kind enough to refuse the _16_ and agreed to make sure the kid ate before he went home. By the time all this was _17_ it was getting late for my colleagues. We hadn't _18_ anything yet, so they decided to go home.I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling _19_ for the opportunity I pay forward the _20_ I had received many years ago.本文是一篇記敘文，主人翁“我”和朋友去餐廳吃飯的時候，突然打掃衛(wèi)生的男孩摔倒在地，我立刻提供幫助。因為之前我暈倒的時候，也有陌生人向我提供了幫助，我想把這份善良繼續(xù)傳遞下去。作者想通過這個故事告訴讀者：人間自有真情在！1A.peakBlocalCspareDregular答案：A解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.peak高峰的；B.local當地的；C.spare空閑的；D.regular有規(guī)律的。根據后半句可知餐廳里非常擁擠，說明那是用餐的高峰期。故A項正確。2A.actuallyBfinallyCeagerlyDgradually答案：B解析：考查副詞。A.actually實際上；B.finally最終；C.eagerly急切地；D.gradually逐漸地。我們去吃飯的時候正是用餐高峰期，飯店里非常擁擠，我們最終在角落里找到了吃飯的桌子。故B項正確。3A.kickedBtouchedCsweptDhit答案：D解析：考查動詞。A.kicked踢；B.touched觸摸；C.swept清掃；D.hit撞擊，擊中。根據上句we heard a crash 可知我們聽到了撞擊聲，說明盤子摔到了地上。故D項正確。4A.silenceBdangerCdoubtDtension答案：A解析：考查常識。A.silence安靜；B.danger危險；C.doubt懷疑；D.tension緊張。根據“and”后的內容可知，沒人在說或做任何事情，可知非常安靜。故A項正確。5A.adventureBflightCexperienceDlesson答案：C解析：考查名詞。A.adventure探險；B.flight航班；C.experience經驗，經歷；D.lesson 教訓。句意：看到這一幕，我突然想起了很多年前的某一次經歷。根據下文描述可知，那是我之前的一次經歷。故C項正確。6A.showed upBwalked aroundCsettled downDpassed out答案：D解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.showed up出現(xiàn)；B.walked around 四處走動；C.settled down定居 ；D.passed out昏迷。根據下句可知我空腹急急忙忙地前往機場，昏迷后受到陌生人的幫助，這一次我要把這份善良傳遞下去。故D項符合上下文串聯(lián)。7A.friendsBstrangersCcolleaguesDrelatives答案：B解析：考查名詞。A.friends朋友；B.strangers陌生人；C.colleagues同事；D.relatives親戚。這次我想幫助這位陌生的打掃衛(wèi)生的男孩，是因為之前我受到陌生人的幫助，我想把這份善良傳遞下去。故B項正確。8A.payBreturnCtakeDput答案：A解析：考查動詞。A.pay償還；B.return返回；C.take帶走；D.put放置。這次我想幫助這位陌生的打掃衛(wèi)生的男孩，是因為之前我受到陌生人的幫助，我想把這份善良傳遞下去。我想償還別人給我的幫助。故A項正確。9A.orderBbuyCserveDbring答案：D解析：考查動詞。A.order命令，點購；B.buy購買；C.serve服務，服役；D.bring帶來，拿來。句意：我立刻沖到男孩旁邊，讓他平躺，大聲叫人拿熱飲過來。bring表示從遠處把物品拿到近處。故D正確。10A.andBsoCbecauseDbut答案：D解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。雖然我不是醫(yī)生，但是在處理暈厥方面我很擅長。上下文之間是轉折關系，所以使用表示轉折關系的連詞but連接上下文。故D項正確。11A.knowingBwonderingCignoringDarguing答案：B解析：考查動詞。A.knowing知道，了解；B.wondering想知道；C.ignoring忽視；D.arguing爭論。男孩睜開眼睛，想知道發(fā)生什么事情。故B項正確。12A.remindedBcomfortedCansweredDencouraged答案：B解析：考查動詞。A.reminded提醒；B.comforted安慰；C.answered回答；D.encouraged鼓勵。男孩想知道發(fā)生了什么事情，我告訴他一切都沒問題，我也有過類似的經歷。故B項正確。13A.memorableBpersonalCsimilarDcommon答案：C解析：考查形容詞。A.memorable記憶的；B.personal個人的，私人的；C.similar類似的，同樣的；D.common普通的，常見的。我告訴男孩我也有過類似的經歷，安慰他說一切都沒關系。故C項正確。14A.coolBrefreshingCsweetDwarm答案：D解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據第9空后a hot drink可知我讓別人把熱飲拿過來，現(xiàn)在讓他喝下去。所以形容詞warm與上文的hot形成對應。故D項正確。15A.customerBmanagerCwaitressDdoctor答案：B解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據16空前The manager was kind enough to.可知餐廳的經理過來處理這件事情了。故B項正確。16A.paymentBrewardCsuggestionDsupport答案：A解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.payment付款；B.reward獎勵，報酬；C.suggestion建議；D.support支持。經理過來以后我讓她拿東西給男孩吃，由我付錢，但是她拒絕由我付錢。本句中名詞payment與上文動詞pay保持一致。故A項正確。17A.upBawayCoverDbehind答案：C解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。我處理好這一切以后，時間已經很晚了，我們什么也沒有點，直接回家。使用be over(結束)，表示我處理好男孩的事情。故C項正確。18A.preparedBdemandedCreceivedDordered答案：D解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.prepared準備；B.demanded要求；C.received收到；D.ordered點購，命令。根據后句“我們直接回家”可知我們并沒有在餐廳里吃東西，所以使用動詞“order點購”。故D項正確。19A.readyBanxiousCgratefulDcomfortable答案：C解析：考查形容詞。A.ready樂意的，愿意的；B.anxious焦慮的，焦急的；C.grateful感激的；D.comfortable舒服的。對于有這樣幫助他人的機會，我心懷感激之情。故C項正確。20A.kindnessBhonorCinspirationDservice答案：A解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.kindness善良；B.honor榮耀；C.inspiration靈感；D.service服務。根據上文可知我暈倒的時候也得到別人的幫助，現(xiàn)在我有機會幫助他人，把這份善良傳遞下去。故A項正確。.語法填空(2019·佛山市順德區(qū)高三教學質量檢測)Teenagers are famous for being on the cutting edge of current fads(時尚)and trends. They are working on their identity. They want to identify with something that makes them feel good about _1_ (them). When something new comes out, all the teens and their peers check it out. If it sticks for a little while, it's a fad. If it sticks around a _2_ (long)time, it becomes a trend.Many fads are _3_ (harm). Back in my day, people cut the sleeves and collars of sweat shirts off and _4_ (wear)them inside out. No big deal.This fad did not become a trend. Today, everyone owns _5_ iPad and texts friends on their cell phones. These fads will either fade with new technology _6_ become a trend and stay around a while. We'll have to wait and see.While keeping up with teen fads can sometimes be exhausting for parents, _7_ (especial) for parents of preteens who are just getting _8_ (start), it is a worthwhile effort. _9_ you can't pick and choose which fads or trends your teens will pick up, it doesn't mean you don't get to add your opinion and use the fad _10_ a teachable moment.這篇短文介紹青少年引領時尚的趨勢，每次出現(xiàn)新東西，青少年的關注堅持一段時間就會成為一種時尚。1themselves解析：考查反身代詞。句意：他們想要找到一些能讓他們自我感覺良好的東西。句中feel good about _1_ (them)是賓補，因此feel的邏輯主語是句子賓語them，該空是about的賓語，和邏輯主語一致，就應該用反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。2longer解析：考查形容詞。句意：如果它能在較長時間內堅持下去，它就會成為一種趨勢。該句是和前半句的for a little while進行對比，所以此處用比較級。故填longer。3harmless解析：考查形容詞。句意：許多時尚是無害的。此處作句子的表語，根據句意可知應該用形容詞作表語，表示“無害的”。故填harmless。4wore解析：考查動詞。句意：回到我的時代，人們把袖子和領子剪下來，然后把它們穿在外面。根據時間狀語“Back in my day”可知該句應該用一般過去時，故填wore。5an解析：考查冠詞。句意：今天，每個人都擁有一個iPad，并在手機上給朋友發(fā)短信。該句中iPad是句子賓語，是單數可數名詞，此處是泛指，前面應該用不定冠詞，iPad以元音音素開頭，故填an。6or解析：考查連詞。句意：這些潮流要么會隨著新技術的發(fā)展而消失，要么會成為一種潮流，并在一段時間內保持流行。either.or.是固定短語，譯為“或者或者”故填or。7especially解析：考查副詞。句意：雖然對青少年時尚的關注有時會讓家長們感到疲憊，尤其是對于那些剛剛起步的青少年家長來說，它值得付出努力。根據句意可知，此處用副詞especially表示“尤其”。故填especially。8started解析：考查動詞。句意：雖然對青少年時尚的關注有時會讓家長們感到疲憊，尤其是對于那些剛剛起步的青少年家長來說，它值得付出努力。get started表示狀態(tài)，“剛剛起步的”。故填started。9Although/Though/While解析：考查連詞。句意：雖然你不能選擇你的青少年會選擇的流行趨勢或時尚，但這并不意味著你不能補充你的觀點，并將時尚作為一個可教的時刻。根據句意可知，上下句之間為轉折關系，后半句沒有but，前半句用表示“雖然”的although/though/while。故填Although/Though/While。10as解析：考查介詞。句意：雖然你不能選擇你的青少年會選擇的流行趨勢或時尚，但這并不意味著你不能補充你的觀點，并將時尚作為一個可教的時刻。根據句意可知，此處用as表示“作為”之意，后跟名詞。故填as。.短文改錯(2019·河北省邯鄲市高三月考)A perform in our city made people think more about an overuse of plastic bags. It called on people use more cloth bags instead of plastic one. In front of a largely supermarket, five volunteers wear white plastic bags and walked through the crowd. Some of the plastic bags worn by the volunteers was collected from customers in two food markets, and all the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school. On that day, upon leaving the food markets, customers were asking to hand in the plastic shopping bags that they didn't need of. Several hundreds plastic bags were collected within just two hours.答案8