四、推理判斷細(xì)節(jié)推斷題(2018·6月天津，B) When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but Ill recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？” he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place？” I asked，still confused.“Well，its our home.” My heart jolted(震顫).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”“Theres some really good stuff(藝術(shù)作品) up there.” She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place.“Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”“Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.”“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.Ive always wanted to thank you.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。如果你誤把一戶人家當(dāng)成博物館并且四處參觀，會是怎樣一種奇特的經(jīng)歷呢？本文中作者講述了她的親身體驗(yàn)。41.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的watercolorist(水彩畫家)可知，Marian McNay是一位painter(畫家)。故答案為A。42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Tour guides got on my nerves.”(導(dǎo)游令我很煩)可知，“我”把那個人誤認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)游了。故答案為D。43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzled. B.Concerned.C.Frightened. D.Delighted.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“我”被那些人盯著時的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的still confused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案為A。44.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.答案D解析推理判斷題。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那戶人家的一個孩子，她說“我”把她家誤認(rèn)為博物館使她看到了它的美麗，由此可知，本文作者不是重點(diǎn)描述McNay博物館，而是描述這次突發(fā)事件帶來的影響，故答案為D “房子里發(fā)生的事更重要”。45.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.答案C解析推理判斷題。從最后一段中那個女士說的話“在你進(jìn)來之前，我從未意識到我住的是個多么美麗的地方，我以前從未感到過幸運(yùn)”可推知，人們往往會忽視自己周圍事物的美。一、題型解讀細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判斷。考生只有正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：1.It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .2.What can we infer/learn from.?3.We can learn from the passage that .4.The passage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that .二、解題技巧關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲第一步：定位細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語)。第二步：揣摩細(xì)節(jié)對原文中的信息進(jìn)行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。2.切勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。例如：【真題感悟】中的45題根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.”可知，在作者未造訪她家之前，這位女士從未意識到自己住的地方多么美麗，從而可以推斷出，人們往往對周圍的美視而不見。 故選C。(2018·河北區(qū)二模)“Can I see my baby？” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(嬰兒包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the babys hearing was perfect except his appearance.One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mothers arms，he cried out bitterly，“A boy，a big boy.called mea freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have been class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music.The boys father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated，” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then，“Youre going to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But its a secret.” said the father.The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of successes.Later，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father，“but the agreement was that you are not to know.not yet.” The years kept the secret，but the day did comeone of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mothers casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.1.The story is mainly about .A.how a boy had new ears through an operationB.what a devoted parent privately did for the childC.how a disabled boy turned into a useful person D.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy答案B解析主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位偉大無私的母親把自己的耳朵捐給自己的孩子的故事。故選B。2.From the first paragraph we know that the mother .A.was determined to donate her ears to perfect her sonB.kept her husband unknown about the babys situationC.felt shocked and disappointed to see her new babyD.complained of her bad luck to have a disabled child答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears”可知，母親看到她的新生兒沒有耳朵感到震驚和失望。3.The underlined word “freak” in Paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to “ ”.A.slow-acting personB.ugly-looking childC.badly-behaved studentD.strangely-shaped creature答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“he cried out bitterly，A boy，a big boy.called me a freak”可知，有個大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能會使很多同學(xué)聯(lián)想到那個男孩子沒有耳朵，而將freak一詞誤理解為“長相丑陋”，下文中描述道“He grew up，handsome for his misfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因?yàn)闆]有耳朵在外形上與普通人不一樣，因此我們猜測該詞的含義為：strangely-shaped creature。4.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The agreement was between the donator and the family.B.The boy was so popular that he was made class president.C.Finally the boy came to know who the donator was.D.The mother donated her ears to her son after she died.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，那個男孩在母親去世，父親撩開母親的頭發(fā)時最終知道了是母親把耳朵給了他。故選C。5.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading?A.Real love lies in what is done unknown rather than what is done known.B.It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul.C.True beauty lies only in the heart not in appearance.D.It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.答案A解析推理判斷題。本文通過講述一位偉大的母親為兒子捐獻(xiàn)耳朵并對兒子保守秘密，讓我們感受到了母愛的偉大，有時真愛隱藏在深處而不是流露于外表。B(2018·南開區(qū)一模)Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be：“to be happy”.Ed Deiner，an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy，comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”So who are the worlds happiest people？It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves if they are doing what is fun or interesting.They become unhappy when they cant do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied.”People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture，Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西班牙語的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.”Income also made a big difference to peoples happiness，but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.6.According to the passage，happy people enjoy the following benefits EXCEPT .A.a long marriage B.respect from othersC.profession success D.better health答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三、四句“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”可知，快樂的人婚姻更長久，工作更成功，壽命也更長。即長久的婚姻、健康、事業(yè)成功都屬于快樂帶來的好處。文中并未提到快樂可以給人帶來尊重。7.In Professor Deiners opinion， .A.Asians have a culture to enjoy individual happinessB.Westerners care more about mutual satisfaction than AsiansC.Asians focus more on others respect and approval than WesternersD.Westerners value individual happiness as much as mutual satisfaction答案C解析推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.”可知，Deiner認(rèn)為西方人更追求個人的快樂，而亞洲人卻追求雙向滿意。由此可推知，亞洲人比西方人更在意別人的尊重和認(rèn)同。8.What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph?A.Attitude towards pride and shame results in Spanish happiness.B.Spanish people take too much pride in themselves.C.Hispanic cultures lay stress on pride and shame.D.If you are from Spain，you are the happiest.答案A解析推理判斷題。第五段大意為“來自西班牙和以西班牙語為母語國家的人擁有最快樂的文化，Deiner發(fā)現(xiàn)最大的文化差別在于對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度，西班牙文化比其他文化更強(qiáng)調(diào)驕傲而非恥辱”。由此可推知，對驕傲和恥辱的態(tài)度造就了西班牙語文化的快樂屬性，所以A項(xiàng)正確。9.In the last paragraph，the author seems to tell us .A.poor people enjoy the same happiness as millionairesB.the higher income one gets，the happier life he livesC.average income earners live the happiest lifeD.enough money can make us feel safe and happy答案D解析推理判斷題。最后一段大意為“收入也會導(dǎo)致快樂程度的不同，美國中產(chǎn)階層比貧窮階層過得更快樂，但百萬富翁只比中產(chǎn)階層快樂一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，錢會使人快樂是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們擁有足夠的錢時我們會有安全感?！庇纱丝芍髡咴谧詈笠欢伪磉_(dá)了“足夠多的錢會讓人們感到快樂和安全”這樣一種看法，所以D項(xiàng)正確；但此段并無“錢越多人就越快樂”之意，B項(xiàng)將“足夠多的錢能讓人快樂”和“錢越多人越快樂”混為一談，所以B項(xiàng)錯誤。10.The passage is mainly about .A.cultural differences in happinessB.the happiest cultureC.reasons for happinessD.benefits of happiness答案C解析主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了令人快樂的原因，第一段中的“an American psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy”引出后文所有內(nèi)容，可見文章重點(diǎn)是關(guān)于快樂原因的討論，所以C項(xiàng)正確。題型組合練(七).單項(xiàng)填空1.The language in the companys statement is highly ，thus making its staff confused.A.ambiguous B.apparentC.appropriate D.aggressive答案A解析句意為：公司的聲明中用的語言非常含糊，因此使得職員們非常困惑。ambiguous含糊的，不明確的；apparent明顯的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?；aggressive有進(jìn)取心的。由后面的“making its staff confused”可知，公司的聲明非常的含糊。故A選項(xiàng)正確。2.The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a golden chapter by people worldwide， the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.A.where B.when C.which D.who答案B解析句意為：唐朝被世界范圍的人們認(rèn)為是一個黃金時期，在這個時期，中國文明影響了很多鄰近的國家。“ the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries”是非限制性定語從句，修飾the Tang Dynasty，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時間狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。B選項(xiàng)正確。3.How was your job interview?Very successful.I my homework about the company，you know.A.had done B.have doneC.did D.was doing答案A解析句意為：你的工作面試怎么樣？非常成功。你知道我了解過這家公司。由第一句可知，參加面試是過去的行為，那么了解該公司應(yīng)該是面試之前的行為，即過去的過去，故該句應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)正確。4.The educational reform is now under way throughout the country， the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.A.to grant B.having grantedC.granting D.granted答案C解析句意為：全國正在進(jìn)行教育改革，給了學(xué)生們更多發(fā)揮最大潛力的機(jī)會。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，主語the educational reform與grant之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。C選項(xiàng)正確。5.When Paul for the final game of the basketball season，his fans let out shouts of cry.A.made up B.showed upC.caught up D.held up答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)保羅出現(xiàn)在籃球賽季的最后一場比賽上時，他的粉絲們爆發(fā)出喊叫聲。make up組成，編造；show up到場，出現(xiàn)；catch up趕上；hold up舉起，耽擱。粉絲喊叫應(yīng)該是保羅出場時，故B選項(xiàng)正確。6. more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.A.Scattered around the globe areB.Scattering are around the globeC.Are around the globe scatteredD.Are scattered around the globe答案A解析句意為：地球上散落分布著100多個小而離散的火山活躍區(qū)，地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱之為“熱點(diǎn)”。正常語序是“More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.”表語提前，把系動詞提到主語前面構(gòu)成倒裝。7. his high social status，it is really hard for us to his joining us in going west to teach children there.A.Considering；opposeB.Considered；prevent fromC.To consider；persuadeD.Being considered；object to答案A解析句意為：鑒于他的高社會地位，我們真的很難反對他和我們一起去西部教書。considering prep.鑒于，oppose v.反對，根據(jù)句意可知答案為A。8.In the past，science class started from grade three.But the new curriculum allows junior students to natural sciences earlier.A.priority B.privilegeC.adaptation D.access答案D解析priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)；privilege特權(quán)；adaptation適應(yīng)；access(使用或見到的)機(jī)會。句意為：在過去，科學(xué)課程從三年級開始。但是新課程使初級學(xué)生可以更早地接觸自然科學(xué)。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D。9. made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What；because B.What；thatC.That；what D.That；because答案B解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， made the school proud缺少主語，另外還要引導(dǎo)主語從句，故此只能選擇what，由此先排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。再結(jié)合 more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺少成分，只需要引導(dǎo)詞，所以選用that。故選B。10.Recent pressure at work may his abnormal behavior.A.push for B.exchange forC.account for D.head for答案C解析push for為而奮力爭?。籩xchange for交換；account for解釋的原因；head for朝走去。句意為：最近工作壓力可能是他反常行為的原因。故選C。.完形填空Rafael stares at the math problem in front of him：11*7.I simply 11 him，asking，“Well，how did the 12 explain these sorts of exercises？” Rafael begins drawing circles lined up in rows of five，and I help him 13 the rows.Then I show him a(n) 14 way and watch him start to get the hang of it.“Do you 15 now？” “Mm-hm.” He writes a big 77 next to the math problem.Every Tuesday afternoon，I 16 ninety minutes helping elementary school children 17 Rafael who live in a low-income neighborhood near my high school.I help them with their 18 .The first time I visited the childrens center，I was eight.My mother，who taught the kids English，had 19 to bring them some of our old 20 and asked if I wanted to come to their 21 .Hearing this demand，I was a bit 22 .What could I do? I was only eight.But，as I learned，you can always help them 23 .That particular day I helped a seven-year-old boy read one of the books we had brought.Ever since，weve been good friends.Now，nine years later，I still 24 in this childrens center.Even though it might seem 25 to help kids read stories about farm animals，or show them how to multiply numbers，those are the things that build them into 26 adults.The families of these kids are usually immigrants who arent able to help their kids with schoolwork or 27 give them a warm meal every day.That is 28 they are there.The 29 is where someone makes sure they do their homework；its where they grow and learn where they feel 30 .I cant stress enough how lucky I feel to be a part of that.11.A.laugh at B.glare atC.shout at D.glance at答案D解析laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒視；shout at大喊；glance at一瞥。句意為：我只是瞥了(glance at)他一眼。12.A.sister B.teacherC.father D.student答案B解析這是一個數(shù)學(xué)問題，可以推斷是在問“老師(teacher)是怎么解釋這些練習(xí)題的？”13.A.count B.drawC.plant D.find答案A解析count數(shù)；draw畫；plant種植；find查找。根據(jù)上文可知，這是一道跟數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)的問題，所以應(yīng)該填入“計(jì)數(shù)”。句意為：拉斐爾開始畫五行的圓圈，我?guī)退麛?shù)(count)行數(shù)。14.A.strange B.differentC.available D.free答案B解析strange奇怪的；different不同的；available可獲得的；free免費(fèi)的。此處是指作者教給他解決數(shù)學(xué)題的另一種不同的方法。15.A.understand B.hearC.remember D.leave答案A解析understand明白；hear聽到；remember記得；leave離開。根據(jù)上文教了孩子另一種方法和下文孩子自己計(jì)算出答案可知，這里應(yīng)填“明白”。句意為：現(xiàn)在你明白(understand)了嗎？16.A.cost B.wasteC.take D.spend答案D解析cost花費(fèi)；waste浪費(fèi)；take花費(fèi)，耗費(fèi)(時間等)；spend花費(fèi)。此句為sb. spend time doing sth. 固定搭配，意為“某人花時間做某事”，故選D。17.A.unlike B.asC.like D.beyond答案C解析unlike不像；as如同；like像；beyond超過，越過。本句的意思是幫助像拉斐爾這樣的小學(xué)生。18.A.homework B.houseworkC.teamwork D.handwork答案A解析根據(jù)下文“they do their homework”可知，此處是指我輔導(dǎo)他們做作業(yè)。19.A.decided B.pretendedC.agreed D.refused答案A解析decide決定；pretend假裝；agree同意；refuse拒絕。句意為：我的母親教孩子們英語，她決定給他們帶一些我們的舊書并詢問我是否愿意幫助他們。20.A.toys B.clothesC.pens D.books答案D解析根據(jù)下文“That particular day I helped a seven-year-old boy read one of the books we had brought.”說明帶過去的是書。21.A.rescue B.sensesC.assistance D.resistance答案C解析rescue營救，援救，解救；sense感覺；assistance援助，幫助；resistance阻力，抵抗。此處是指媽媽問我是否愿意給他們提供幫助(assistance)。22.A.confused B.thrilledC.delighted D.shocked答案A解析根據(jù)下文“What could I do？I was only eight.”可知，作者覺得：我能做些什么呢？我只有八歲?？梢耘袛嘧髡邔Υ烁械嚼Щ?confused)。23.A.therefore B.thusC.somehow D.however答案C解析therefore因此；thus因此；somehow以某種方式，不知何故；however無論如何。句意為：但是，我感到我總能以某種方式幫助他們。24.A.volunteer B.studyC.serve D.stay答案A解析volunteer自愿(做某事)；study學(xué)習(xí)；serve服務(wù)；stay停留。句意為：9年后的今天，我仍然在這個兒童中心做志愿者(volunteer)。25.A.invisible B.independentC.unavoidable D.insignificant答案D解析invisible無形的，看不見的；independent獨(dú)立的；unavoidable不可避免的；insignificant無關(guān)緊要的。后面的主句說這些事情幫助孩子們長大成人，這是一項(xiàng)非常重要的事情，Even though為轉(zhuǎn)折詞“盡管”，說明此處指看起來無關(guān)緊要(insignificant)。26.A.successful B.gratefulC.careful D.peaceful答案A解析successful成功的；grateful感謝的；careful仔細(xì)的，小心的；peaceful和平的，平靜的。想把孩子們培養(yǎng)成一個什么樣的成人呢，必然是成功的人，因此，此空應(yīng)填successful。27.A.ever B.stillC.even D.yet答案C解析ever永遠(yuǎn)；still仍然；even甚至，即使；yet然而。根據(jù)句意可知，后面的句子更深一步地強(qiáng)調(diào)了孩子們的處境，所以這里填的應(yīng)該是帶有遞進(jìn)性的副詞。句意為：甚至(even)不能每天給他們一頓溫暖的飯。28.A.where B.whenC.how D.why答案D解析前面描述的是這些孩子們的處境，句意為：這就是為什么(why)他們在那里(兒童中心)。29.A.school B.centerC.home D.classroom答案B解析本段一直在描述與兒童中心有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)上下文這里應(yīng)該指上文提到的“the childrens center”。句意為：在這個中心里，有人會確保他們做自己的功課。30.A.made use of B.t