二、細(xì)節(jié)理解 間接信息題(2018·全國，A) Washington，D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21Which tour do you need to book in advance?ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.BWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.DWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一項(xiàng)自行車旅行中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear！”可知，這項(xiàng)自行車旅行需要提前預(yù)訂。其他三項(xiàng)自行車旅行都沒有提到需要預(yù)訂。22What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?AMeet famous people.BGo to a national park.CVisit well-known museums.DEnjoy interesting stories.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三項(xiàng)自行車旅行中的第二句“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，在Capital City Bike Tour中，導(dǎo)游會(huì)為你講述關(guān)于總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)、紀(jì)念碑和公園的最有趣的故事。23Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?ACity maps. BCameras.CMeals. DSafety lights.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的at night可定位到最后一項(xiàng)自行車旅行。根據(jù)最后兩句“Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，在晚上進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)自行車旅行給游客配備了安全燈。一、題型解讀1話題特點(diǎn)?？疾殚g接信息理解類的話題有9：(1)人物類；(2)故事類；(3)文化教育類；(4)史地自然類；(5)社會(huì)生活類；(6)科普說明類。2設(shè)問形式特殊疑問句形式或填空形式：(1)According to the author/passage，.(2)What can we learn about.?(3)What was the reason for.?二、解題技巧“斷章取義”定答案第一步：閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵詞，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息第二步：定位題干關(guān)鍵詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式第三步：利用正確選項(xiàng)特征，確定答案正確選項(xiàng)特征：(1)用同義或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。如【真題感悟】第21題題干中book in advance“提前預(yù)定”與原文中“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear(在有效期即櫻花消失前預(yù)約)”意思相同，所以知答案為A項(xiàng)。(2)同根詞或原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)語言簡化。簡化原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象，并設(shè)置為答案。(4)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)。A(2018·山東棗莊一模)Natalie Trayling is a famous street artist in Melbourne.At first，those who happened to pass by her and spare some change didnt even realize what a musical 1genius was playing.The emotional tune was not only masterfully played but also composed by Natalie herself when she was only 14.Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.But what people do not know is that behind the beautiful music of the old woman，it is full of bitterness.At the age of 12，she won a music 2scholarship at Santa Maria College.At 15 she knocked back a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London because her parents couldnt pay non-tuition costs.When she left school，she taught piano at Santa Maria.Later she met her husband，Denis.They had four children，but the two of them died.In 1984，Denis asked for a divorce.Natalies son，Nathan，was given medication for depression.Natalie lived either outdoors in Royal Park or in boarding houses for nine years.In late 2003 Natalie collapsed with anaemia(貧血) and was hospitalized for six months.For half a century，Natalie has been 3teased by fate.But even so，she never gave up her love for music.When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”When Natalie went on the Internet，she became a sign of Melbourne.People are impressed by her 4persistence in dreams and the optimism of life.Now she is no longer wandering around.She can play the piano at any time，but as long as the weather is good，she will walk to the streets of Melbourne，and play a 9touching melody for the rush of the city.1Why is Natalies music so touching to the passers-by?AIt is full of bitterness.BShe composed it herself.CIts a reflection of her own life.DIt reminds them of the beauty of life.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.”可知，路人聽到娜塔莉的演奏都會(huì)駐足聆聽，因?yàn)槟人虻臉仿曌屇愠领o下來，思考生命中那些美好的事物，讓你覺得永遠(yuǎn)都不要放棄。故選D。2Which of the following can replace the underlined words “knocked back” in Paragraph 2?AGave up. BObtained.CAccepted. DWas awarded.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“because her parents couldnt pay non-tuition costs”可知，娜塔莉在15歲時(shí)拒絕了倫敦皇家音樂學(xué)院的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，因?yàn)樗母改肛?fù)擔(dān)不起學(xué)費(fèi)以外的費(fèi)用。故選A。3What does music mean to Natalie?AIts her hobby.BIts the source of her misfortune.CIt is part of her life.DIts a way to earn a living.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”可知，對娜塔莉而言，音樂就是一切，她覺得自己是它的一部分，音樂是全世界。故選C。4What does the author try to tell us?ANatalie is a musical genius.BLife is not easy for everyone.CNever give up halfway.DNatalie has a strong and brave heart.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段得知娜塔莉在網(wǎng)上走紅后，一下子成了墨爾本的標(biāo)志。人們被她對夢想的執(zhí)著和對生活的樂觀精神所打動(dòng)。說明作者想通過本文向我們介紹墨爾本堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、勇敢的街頭藝術(shù)家娜塔莉。故選D。B(2018·山東泰安質(zhì)檢)Honesty is the best policy.We may agree that admitting mistakes and behaving in a genuine way is the right way to lead our lives，but is there something in our human nature that makes us immoral？For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.This relies on people being honest and not trying to cheat but it does provide a 5temptation to 6get away with not paying the full amount.Philip Graves，a psychologist，suggests that this temptation is part of our 7evolution.He says，“We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.Its part of our evolutionary psychological make-upbecause if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance of surviving.”So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? Its because it is selfish behavior.If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time，the world would be a very unpleasant place.As Philip Graves says，“There is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own nest，so to speak，and the risk of being ostracized(排斥) by the group.” So，for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.Being trustworthy with money is of course vital for an economy to survive.But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.However，a new anonymous messaging app has been designed that lets anyone with a link to your profile(簡介) to send you a message without knowing who its from.The app now has 300 million users which perhaps indicates how honest we really like to bebut in all honesty，do you want to know what people think about you? Is honesty always the best policy?語篇解讀這是一篇議論文。在生活、工作中，誠實(shí)一定是上策嗎？本文討論了誠實(shí)守信是人的本能還是社交生活的必然產(chǎn)物。5What does an honesty box require people to do?AGet the change out of it freely.BPut the correct amount of money in it.CDonate the pocket money to others.DPay a larger amount of money.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.”可知，誠實(shí)盒子要求人們在盒子里放入正確數(shù)目的錢。故選B。6According to Philip Graves，being dishonest .Ais a disadvantageBshould be 8advocatedCis part of our evolutionDhelps people survive better答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Philip Graves的話“We have evolved with the ability to be dishonest.Its part of our evolutionary psychological make-upbecause if we can gain an advantage over the people around us，we have a greater chance of surviving.”可知，不誠實(shí)是我們進(jìn)化的一部分。故選C。7What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AThe reason for being honest.BThe benefit of being dishonest.CThe 10outcome of selfishness.DThe importance of group work.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容尤其是該段首句“So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest？”可知，此段主要向我們敘述要誠實(shí)的原因。故選A。8What can we infer from the text?AHonesty is always the best policy.BThe author is in favor of dishonesty.CThe market of the new app is promising.DBeing honest with words is sometimes improper.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“But being honest with words is another matter，saying what we think to someone can get us into hot water.”可知，誠實(shí)的話有時(shí)候是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。故選D。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1Chaplin was not just a genius，but he was among the most influential figures in film history.天才2Angelas 7,000 tuition at university this year will be paid for with scholarships.獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金3He teased the dog by pulling its tail.戲弄4It requires time and persistence，so stick with it.毅力；堅(jiān)持5Resist the temptation to buy the item until youre certain you need it.誘惑6Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it.(做了錯(cuò)事)不受懲罰 7The theory of evolution is the scientific idea that plants and animals develop and change gradually over a long period of time.進(jìn)化8We advocate strict control of pollution to protect the environment.提倡(二)同義詞語替換9The movie is about a sweet，touching romance story between a girl and a boy after their online encounter.moving10Five minutes from the end，the outcome of the match was still in doubt.result.長難句理解1When asked why music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”句式分析本句話主干為簡單句五種句型中的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主干的主語是 she，謂語是said，賓語是直接引語“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”。When asked why music was so important to her是狀語從句的省略形式，補(bǔ)充完整為When she was asked why music was so important to her。精美譯文當(dāng)被問到為什么音樂對她那么重要時(shí)，她說：“音樂就是一切，我覺得自己是它的一部分，音樂是全世界?！?For example，in some shops and car parks you can find an honesty boxa box where you pay for something by putting money in itbut it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in.句式分析本句是并列句，第一個(gè)簡單句是you can find an honesty box；a box where you pay for something by putting money in it是同位語，對前面的an honesty box加以解釋；where you pay for something by putting money in it是定語從句。第二個(gè)簡單句是it relies on you to put the right amount of cash in。精美譯文例如，在一些商店和停車場，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)誠實(shí)盒子，就是你往里面放你買東西所花的錢的盒子，但是在盒子里放入正確數(shù)目的錢這依靠你自己。專題強(qiáng)化練(十七).單項(xiàng)填空1Physically challenged as Jack was，he did not himself to his fate.Aresist BreserveCresign Drescue答案C解析考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：杰克雖然身體不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命運(yùn)。resist抵抗，抗拒；reserve儲(chǔ)備，保留；resign委托，使聽從，屈服；rescue營救，援救。resign oneself to ones fate屈服于自己的命運(yùn)，為固定短語，故C項(xiàng)正確。2Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?Awhere BwhichCthat Das答案A解析句意為：你是否曾經(jīng)處于這樣一種境況？你明知道另一個(gè)人是對的，但你卻不能同意他的看法。分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為situation，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where。3She then took the little key，and opened it，trembling，but could not at first see anything ，because the windows were shut.Aplainly BcloselyCfirmly Dfrequently答案A解析句意為：于是她拿了那把小鑰匙，顫抖著打開了它，但是因?yàn)榇皯舳际顷P(guān)著的，一開始沒能看清楚任何東西。closely緊密地，接近的；firmly堅(jiān)定地；frequently頻繁地，均與句意不符。plainly清楚地，符合句意。4While interacting with people in India，I was to a way of life completely different from my own.Areduced BexposedCcommitted Dtransferred答案B解析句意為：在印度與人交流時(shí)，我接觸到了一種生活方式，與我的完全不同。be reduced to減少到，淪落為；be committed to致力于；be transferred to被轉(zhuǎn)移到，均不符合句意。be exposed to接觸到，暴露于，符合語境。5Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing，while going to watch them live is quite another.Aperform BperformingCto perform Dbeing performed答案D解析句意為：在家里的電視上看籃球比賽是一回事，去看現(xiàn)場比賽又是另外一回事。根據(jù)句意可知，perform與其邏輯主語them之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場看正在進(jìn)行的比賽，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語them的補(bǔ)足語，故D項(xiàng)正確。6 work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.AHow BWhetherCThat DWhy答案C解析句意為：工作和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)是人類進(jìn)步的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)者，這深深地植根于我們的社會(huì)價(jià)值觀中?！?work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主語，是主語從句，該從句結(jié)構(gòu)意思完整，故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該從句。7Dont make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me.Its OK.I to the shop anyway.Awas going Bwill have goneChave gone Dwill be going答案D解析句意為：不用專門為我去取衣服。沒關(guān)系。反正我都要去商店。由第一句可知，去取衣服是還沒有發(fā)生的事情，由此可知，去商店是將來的事情，故D選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)的將來進(jìn)行時(shí)相當(dāng)于一般將來時(shí)。8What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?Hes helpful，and he give us a hand at work.Amust BwouldCmay Dshould答案B解析句意為：你對前同事尼克的印象怎樣？他很樂于助人，并經(jīng)常在工作中幫助我們。must必須，肯定；would過去常常，將；may可能，可以；should竟然，應(yīng)該。由第一句中的“former colleague”可知，Nick過去常常幫助同事，故B選項(xiàng)正確。9 the oil under the sea，the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment.AExploiting BHaving exploitedCTo exploit DExploited答案C解析句意為：為了探索海底石油，該公司籌集了充足的資金來開發(fā)石油勘探設(shè)備。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故C選項(xiàng)正確。10Thanks to the special chemical of the soil in the mountainous area，this economic plant grows well there.Acomposition BcompetenceCconstruction Dconclusion答案A解析句意為：由于山區(qū)里土壤的特殊化學(xué)成分，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物在那兒生長得非常好。composition構(gòu)成，合成物，成分；competence能力；construction建造；conclusion結(jié)論。根據(jù)常識可知，這里指化學(xué)成分，A選項(xiàng)正確。.閱讀理解A(2018·興化一中考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Primavera SoundTo kick off the summer，theres no better place to be than Barcelona.On the concert lineup，youll find bands like The Zombies，Arcade Fire，and Bon Iver.Then take some time to soak up the local food，wine，and culture.Date: May 31June 4,2018Location: Barcelona，SpainMusic Type：Indie，rock，hip-hopPrice：80300 (around 86323)Recommended places to stay in Barcelona：Hotel 1898Hotel Barcelona UniversalMercer Hotel BarcelonaGovernors BallOne of the greatest summer concerts in New York City is Governors Ball，which takes place in early June at Randalls Island Park.Some of the many artists playing include Tool，Phoenix，Lorde，F(xiàn)lume，and the Wu-Tang Clan.Date：June 24,2018Location：New York City，New York，USAMusic Type：Rock，hip-hop，popPrice：105305Recommended places to stay in New York City：W New York-Union Square，Union Square，New York City，United StatesA loft HarlemSuper 8 Long Island City LGA HotelCourtyard New York Manhattan/Upper East SideBonnarooBonnaroo is another epic summer event that draws in crowds of around 60,000 each year.Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year，including U2，Red Hot Chili Peppers，The Weekend，and Chance the Rapper.Date：June 811,2018Location：Manchester，Tennessee，USAMusic Type：Rock，hip-hopPrice：210.50554feesRecommended places to stay in Manchester：Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham ManchesterCountry Inn & Suites ManchesterThe Ambassador Inn & Luxury語篇解讀本篇為應(yīng)用文，給讀者推薦了三個(gè)夏天要聽的音樂會(huì)，以及聽音樂會(huì)要住的地方，這些音樂會(huì)由不同的樂隊(duì)，在不同的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)演奏，價(jià)格也有所不同，但也有共同之處：演奏搖滾和hip-hop(嘻哈)音樂。11On which of the days can you enjoy Rock，hip-hop in Primavera Sound?AJune 1,2018. BJune 5,2018.CJune 9,2018. DJune 11,2018.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Primavera Sound 中的“Date：May 31June 4,2018”可知，我們可以在5月31日到6月4日之間欣賞Primavera Sound的搖滾和嘻哈音樂，因此A項(xiàng)正確。12To witness iconic music legend Chance the Rapper playing，which of the following is the recommended place to stay?ACourtyard New York Manhattan.BHotel Barcelona Universal.CRandalls Island Park.DThe Ambassador Inn & Luxury.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Bonnaroo中的“Some of the most iconic music legends will be playing this year，including.and Chance the Rapper.”以及推薦地點(diǎn)中包括“The Ambassador Inn & Luxury”可知D項(xiàng)正確。B(2018·無錫一中期初考試)MCDONALDS drew ridicule in China when it changed its registered name there to Jingongmen，or “Golden Arches”，in October，after it was sold to a Chinese corporate.Some on Weibo thought it sounded old-fashioned and awkward，others thinking that it had connotations(隱含意義) of furniture.The fast-food chain was quick to reassure customers that its restaurants would continue to go by Maidanglao，a rough transliteration(音譯) that has，over the years，become a recognizable brand name.But for most companies now entering Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past，says Amanda Liu，vice-president of Labbrand(朗標(biāo)公司)，a consultancy based in Shanghai that advises firms on brand names.Companies are instead choosing Chinese names with meanings that capture peoples imagination.That often involves going beyond a direct translation.New entrants are taking inspiration from BMW，which is the evocative Baoma，or treasure horse，in China，and from Coca-Cola，which is Kekoukele，or delicious happinessThe naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the image they want to project in China，says Ms Liu.LinkedIn，a professional-networking site owned by Microsoft，chose the name Lingyin，or leading elite，in 2014，signifying more exclusivity than its Western name.Her other corporate customers have included Airbnb，Marvel Comics and Haribo.Labbrand tests proposals with focus groups，ensuring that the name has no negative associations in any of the major Chinese dialects.A vital part of the process is checking that candidate names have not already been snapped up.The Chinese are energetic trademarkers：in 2015 there were 2.8m trademark applications in China，more than treble those in America and the EU combined.Companies considering entering the Chinese market might often find that their products have already been given local names，thanks，for example，to coverage in the press.Some even find that their Chinese name has already been trademarked，says Matthew Dresden of Harris Bricken，a law firm，either by their own distributors，competitors seeking to block its entry，counterfeiters(偽造者) hoping to pass as the company，or squatters(擅自占用房屋或土地的人) intending to sell the trademark to the highest bidder.Counterfeiters might also take advantage of soundalikes，says Mr Dresden，who advises clients to trademark those，too.Perhaps thanks to these mishaps(小事故)，foreign firms are getting wiser to the importance of naming in China.More Chinese firms are also seeking advice on foreign names，says Ms Liu，as they seek to conquer Western markets.Both know that if they blunder，the social-media critics will be waiting.語篇解讀對于那些將進(jìn)入中國市場的公司來說，采用音譯名已是明日黃花，各外國企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)而選擇能激發(fā)想像的中文名稱。中文名促使外國企業(yè)進(jìn)一步思考在中國樹立的形象。隨著越來越多的中國企業(yè)希望占領(lǐng)西方市場，中外企業(yè)都知道，如果名字沒有取好，社交媒體上的批評就會(huì)找上門來。13The example of McDonald in Paragraph 1 indicates that .Aits not a wise move for McDonald to change its nameBtransliteration becomes less popular for many companiesCChinese customers dont like the new nameDhaving a good name is important for companies答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中“But for most companies now entering Chinese markets，transliterations are a thing of the past”可推斷，麥當(dāng)勞在中國注冊的中文名的事例暗示對于許多公司來說采用音譯名已成為過去，不太受歡迎了。故選B。14According to the passage，with a proper Chinese name，companies ent