Great Scientists李仕才一、閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。A gunman killed two members of a television news crew in the United States earlier this week.Their TV station broadcast the shooting“l(fā)ive” in real time.The shooting shocked many Americans and people around the world.One US teenager wants to help prevent such attacks.Kai Kloepfer lives in Boulder，Colorado.He has a talent for technology.He has been teaching himself engineering skills since he was a child.Hearing of so many gun attacks，he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings.The young man's goal was to make a gun that would not work in the hands of a killer.But he knew it would be impossible for him to stop dangerous people from buying guns.So he changed direction.He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings.The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner.It took the teenager seven months and over 1,500 hours to create a plastic model of his“smart gun”He entered his fingerprint handgun in a local science fair and won.His award included a financial prize.He received$50,000.The money is to support improvement in gun safety.Kai Kloepfer is now 18 years old.He has been using the grant money to improve the technology.He says the weapon he designed doesn't change the function of a firearm at all.It just makes it safer.He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun.He says he expects to one day see his “smart gun”for sale next to other firearms.The young man plans to spend the next year improving his fingerprint handgun.Then he will start college at one of the world's top universitiesthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology.1Why does Kai Kloepfer try to invent the gun?ATo prevent people from buying guns.BTo protect people's lives.CTo limit functions of a gun.DTo reduce power of a gun.2The gun created by Kai Kloepfer is controlled by the owner's fingerprint to _.Akeep it convenient to useBmake it safe to carry aroundCprotect its owner from harmDavoid being used by others3How is the progress of Kai Kloepfer's gun invention?AIt is being shown in a fair.BIt is under further research.CIt will soon come into the market.DIt needs designing once again.4What's Kai Kloepfer's wish for his fingerprint gun?AIt will bring enough money for him.BIt will replace traditional guns.CIt can be sold on the market.DIt can help forbid the use of guns.【解題導語】本篇文章是記敘文，講述了美國一名科技愛好青年Kai Kloepfer改良槍支的故事。1B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“Hearing of so many gun attacks, he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings”和第三段的“He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings”可推知，選項B“為了保護人們的生命”是正確的，所以選B。2D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的“The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner”可知，Kai Kloepfer設計的槍只有槍的主人用指紋才能打開，而其他任何人都無法使用該槍。這支槍只識別其主人的觸摸。因此選項D“避免被別人使用”正確。3B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的“He has been using the grant money to improve the technology”和“He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun”可知，他一直在使用這筆獎金來提高技術，并致力于把指紋鎖技術運用到真槍中。選項B“手槍的技術正在深入研究之中”是可以推理出來的，所以選B。4C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的“He says he expects to one day see his smart gunfor sale next to other firearms”可知，他期待有一天看到他的智能手槍像其他槍一樣被出售，所以選C。二、單句語法填空1Only when he arrived _the meeting begin.答案：did“only狀語(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時間狀語從句when he arrived可知，應用一般過去時，故填did。2Neither I nor John _(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.答案：isneither . nor . 連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。3_(absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.答案：Absorbedbe absorbed in .“全神貫注于”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填Absorbed。4That you _(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.答案：are exposedbe exposed to .“暴露于；接觸”。5There is no sense in _(worry) about the future.答案：worryingThere is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒有意義的”。6While _(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields.答案：attendingattend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語部分含有be動詞的相應形式時，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，補充完整為：While we are attending to .，故填attending。7The bank manager was really _(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk.答案：to blamebe to blame “應受責備；應承擔責任”，為主動形式表示被動意義。8Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to _(set) up some schools for poor children.答案：settingcontribute . to .“為奉獻”，其中to為介詞，其后應用名詞、代詞或動名詞形式，故填setting。9My parents tend to accept any idea _(put) forward by experts on TV.答案：putput forward “提出”，此處應用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞idea。10I recognized her voice _moment I picked up the receiver.答案：thethe moment “一就”。三、完形填空。(2018·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考)One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were _1_.Like many other parents，mine were hard to _2_ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they'd _3_.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you don't plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_.We asked my aunt if she'd help us with the “_8_”，and she called my parents _9_ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sisters­in­law went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11_ Sunday，we all met at my house and _12_ the trees into a truck.I _13_ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents' house，Dad was _14_ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them _15_ we were there.When Christmas _16_，of course，we couldn't go to our parents' house empty­handed，so Mom and Dad got _17_ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I _18_ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome _19_ and remember giving a special _20_ to special people at Christmas in October.1A.distinctiveBfragrantCexpensive Dpretty2A.shop BrepresentCanswer Dcare3A.deserve BappreciateCadvertise Dimagine4A.result BnumberCprice Dexpress5A.afford BexpectCfancy Dhandle6A.frighten BassistCsurprise Dreward7A.warmed BfrozeCsoftened Ddarkened8A.trick BpurchaseCchoice Ddecoration9A.in advance Bin timeCby accident Don purpose10A.service BactionCeffect Dproduction11A.regular BseparateCgiven Dchosen12A.sorted BloadedCtransported Dtransplanted13A.dressed up Bpassed offClooked on Dstarted out14A.delighted BannoyedCdisappointed Dconvinced15A.when BhowCwhy Dwhether16A.came around Bdropped outCturned up Ddrew in17A.generous BadditionalCdouble Dspecial18A.even BjustConce Dstill19A.farms BtreesCtrucks Dyards20A.congratulation BgiftCdonation Dgreeting【解題導語】本文為記敘文，涉及家庭關系話題。作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別的方式給其父母帶來驚喜的經(jīng)歷。1D上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此處應是母親也欣然同意，認為楓樹很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“與眾不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。2A根據(jù)上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姊妹幾人為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者覺得給父母買東西是很難的，故選shop“購物”。3B根據(jù)上文的“Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者認為這是一個給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機會。deserve“值得，應得”；appreciate“感激，欣賞”；advertise“為做廣告”；imagine“想象”。4C根據(jù)下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班時查看了一下楓樹的價格(price)，認為它的價格比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點。express“快遞”。5A參見上題解析。6C從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來幫忙實施這個計劃以及計劃具體實施的內(nèi)容可知，作者他們想給父母一個驚喜(surprise)。assist“幫助，協(xié)助”。7B根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過一個特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結冰”符合語境。soften“變軟，軟化”。8A根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者詢問姑姑是否可以幫忙實施這個“騙局(trick)”。9A根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)給作者的父母打電話說她會在周日來拜訪。in time“及時”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。10B根據(jù)下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動起來。go into action“行動起來”符合語境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投產(chǎn)”。11D根據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的(chosen)那個周日聚到自己家里。regular“慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。12B根據(jù)下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。transport“運輸，運送”；transplant“移植”。13A根據(jù)下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己裝扮(dressed up)成圣誕老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把冒充為”；look on sb./sth.as“把當做”；start out as“以開始，起初是”。14D根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父親一開始堅信哪里出了問題。convinced“確信，堅信”符合語境。15C根據(jù)語境可知，當我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?why)會在那里的時候，父母感到很吃驚。16A根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，當又到圣誕節(jié)時，作者他們?nèi)ヌ酵改?。come around“再次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”；draw in“(白天變得)漸短”。17C根據(jù)上文的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to.with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他們在十月份的時候已經(jīng)為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物，而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來的時候，他們又不能空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的(double)圣誕節(jié)禮物。additional“額外的”。18D根據(jù)上下文語境可知，時隔幾乎半個世紀之后，當作者看到那些高大、漂亮的楓樹(trees)時依然(still)會面帶微笑地駛過那個農(nóng)場。19B參見上題解析。20B作者看著那些楓樹時，會想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是關鍵提示。donation“捐贈物”；greeting“問候”。四、單句改錯1Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart._答案：defeatingdefeated此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應用過去分詞表被動。2When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper._答案：absorbingabsorbed(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于”，此處為過去分詞短語作狀語。3It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control._答案：去掉amake sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。4Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result._答案：isareneither . nor . 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應遵循“就近原則”。5The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical._答案：去掉was或was前加which/that該句中已有謂語動詞is, 故put forward at yesterday's meeting為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾作主語的名詞plan；也可用定語從句作定語修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語從句的關系詞引出定語從句，關系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。五、七選五Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?Very small pieces of plastic，called microfiber，are polluting rivers and oceans._1_ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials，which are useful in keeping warm.But they contain very small plastic fibers，which may also be harming the environment when you wash them.When people wash these clothes，very small pieces go down the drain(下水道)with the wash water._2_Pollution caused by plastic is not new，but recent studies have shown the effect of microfiber on the environment.Studies show microfiber is ending up in our waters，which may come from waste water treatment factories.A 2015 study found it in fish from California.Microfiber's effect on food suppliesBeyond the waterways，the researchers say microfiber may end up in soil and agricultural lands._3_ This means there is much to be learned about microfiber and the environment.Some studies have shown that microfiber ends up inside sea animals，like oysters._4_ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish，but it needs more study.Steps to keep microfiber from the environmentUntil more information becomes known，there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfiber in the environment.People should use less of the artificial materials.If we already have those in our lives and we're using them，an important step would be washing them less._5_ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes.The bag traps the microfiber in it and it may be available for purchase soon.ANew technology may also help.BStudies on how much of the microfiber are released.CThe source of the microfiber may surprise you：your clothes.DWashing machines keep microfiber from escaping with wash water.EStudies on microfiber in the environment.FIt can also move around the atmosphere.GSo if microfiber has been found in fish and seafood，are they safe to eat?【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微纖維的來源、微纖維對環(huán)境以及食物供應的影響和減少微纖維進入環(huán)境的措施。1C由文章標題“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution”可知，本文與衣服導致污染有關，并結合下文可知，造成污染的微纖維來自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C項符合語境。2E根據(jù)文章結構可知，空處為該部分小標題?？蘸蟮亩温渲饕v的是微纖維對環(huán)境的影響，故E項符合語境。3F結合空前一句中的“the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人員認為微纖維可能擴散到水道，土壤和農(nóng)田中，故F項“它也能在大氣中移動”符合語境。4G空前一句中的“sea animals, like oysters”與G項中的“fish and seafood”相呼應，故G項符合語境。5A空后一句中的“A bag is being designed”正是A項中的“New technology”，故A項符合語境。9