Unit 5 First Aid李仕才一、閱讀理解。According to a team of researchers，an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，”commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant.Dogs，for example，have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.One example of this phenomenon at work，the authors say，is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit.The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit.Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland，who worked jointly on the research project，said in a statement，“Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly.Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains.Flies might not be deep thinkers，but they can make good decisions very quickly.”In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲蟲)runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re­evaluate its prey's(獵物)position.Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.1What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?APace of life of animals.BTime perception of animals.CLifetime of small animals.DImpressive abilities of animals.2What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2?AThe ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.BThe survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.CAnimals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.DAnimals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.3Why can houseflies avoid being hit?AThey can think very deeply before they act.BThey can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.CThey can process information as quickly as they receive it.DThey can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.【解題導語】本文是一篇科普說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動物感知時間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，對于快速移動的動物來說，在短時間內(nèi)感知時間的能力決定著它們的生死。文章列舉了家蠅、狗和虎甲蟲等動物，證明了動物感知時間的能力的重要性。1B考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life”為本文的主題句；結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：動物感知時間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，故B項正確。2B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段Kevin Healy所說的話“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures”可知，Kevin Healy認為，對于快速移動的動物來說在短時間內(nèi)感知時間的能力決定著它們的生死；據(jù)此可知，該句是說快速移動的動物的生存依賴于它們對時間的感知能力，故B項正確。3C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit”可知，家蠅能比我們在更短的時間內(nèi)感知到物體的運動，這是它們得以避免被拍死的原因，故C項正確。二、單句語法填空1It is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sentIt is vital that . “是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：Withwith the aid/help of . “在的幫助下”。3You'd better put things back _ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：inin place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄?We _ (watch) TV when there was a power failure.答案：were watchingbe doing . when . “正在做這時”，再由“there was .”可知應(yīng)用過去進行時，故填were watching。5The new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied從句為狀語從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞作狀語。6Men and women should _ (treat) equally in education and employment.答案：be treatedtreat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。7His head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過去完成時，故此處應(yīng)用過去進行時，表示過去某時正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。8Everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。9Television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。10Dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injuredget injured “受傷”。三、完形填空。Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual “Back­to­School Bash” program. It offered needy families an opportunity to learn about free _1_ in the community. Holmes decided to _2_ by providing help to kids. He was _3_ two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his _4_ day, but he chose to _5_ his time and gave free haircuts to lower­class kids on condition that the kids should _6_ their free haircuts by having to read a book to him.The idea was so _7_ that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would _8_ a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud _9_ Holmes was doing their hair. After the haircuts, they'd review the book, from the _10_ and vocabulary to the themes just like in school, only more fun.Holmes, who is married _11_ two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to _12_ with their kids. So he hopes to offer some _13_ in this way. And he admits he, _14_ , benefits from doing that.There was a seven­year­old kid who _15_ stuttered (結(jié)巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and _16_. When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That _17_ Holmes to do more. Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get _18_， he plans to restart his _19_ as the Storybook Barber. “Today's world is full of guns and violence，” he says. “The barbershop is a _20_ place for the kids to come and read books.”【文章大意】本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。1A.materials Bresources Cmethods Dconnections答案與解析：B'根據(jù)上下文可知，社區(qū)給孩子們提供學習的免費資源。material“材料”；resource“資源”；method“方法”；connection“連接”。2A.participate Bperform Cdevelop Dwithdraw答案與解析：A'根據(jù)下文的“by providing help to kids”可推知，Holmes決定參與這項活動。3A.faced with Bcaught in Cpresented with Dengaged in答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境可知，Holmes同時從事了兩份工作。be faced with “面臨”；be caught in“處于困境”；present with“把交給”；be engaged in“從事于”。4A.happiest Bworst Cbusiest Dbest答案與解析：C'根據(jù)上文的“as a barber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。5A.spend Bwaste Csave Ddonate答案與解析：D'根據(jù)空后的“gave free haircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的時間捐獻出來，免費給貧窮人家的孩子理發(fā)。donate“捐獻”。6A.receive Bearn Cdemand Drequest答案與解析：B'根據(jù)下文“their free haircuts”的提示可推知，孩子們要通過讀書才能掙得免費理發(fā)的權(quán)利，故選B，earn“掙得”。7A.popular Bordinary Ccomplex Drigid答案與解析：A'根據(jù)下文的“he continued it for the next two years”可推知，這項活動很受歡迎，因此Holmes在接下來的兩年也堅持了下來。popular“受歡迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；complex“復(fù)雜的”；rigid“死板的”。8A.put away Btake over Cpick up Dgive out答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境可知，許多孩子會拿起書，坐在理發(fā)椅上，開始大聲朗讀。9A.before Bafter Cwhile Duntil答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境可知，孩子們讀書是在Holmes理發(fā)期間。while“在期間”。10A.kids Bheroines Cbarbers Dcharacters答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境“they'd review the book”和“and vocabulary”可推知，孩子們回顧書中的角色和詞匯。character“角色”。11A.with Bto Cfor Dabout答案與解析：A'根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示Holmes有兩個兒子。with表示“有”的含義。12. Astay Bread Ctalk Dlearn答案與解析：B'根據(jù)上文的“read a book to him”及“read aloud”可知，此處表示并不是每個父母都有時間陪孩子一起讀書的。13A.guidance Bjudgment Cassistance Dinsurance答案與解析：C'根據(jù)上文的“Holmes decided to _2_ by providing help to kids”可知，Holmes希望通過這種方式來提供一些幫助。assistance“幫助”。14A.again Bstill Cthen Dtoo答案與解析：D'根據(jù)語境可知，Holmes在幫助他人的過程中自己也受益匪淺。15A.usually Bhardly Cmerely Dnecessarily答案與解析：A'根據(jù)語境可知，有個七歲的孩子通常讀得不流暢，故選A項。16A.write Bpractice Cremark Dreflect答案與解析：B'根據(jù)下文的“When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems”可推知，這個七歲的孩子回家進行了練習，因此再讀起來沒有問題。17A.surprised Bexcited Cinspired Dimpressed答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語境“do more”可推知，Holmes受到了激勵，從而做得更多。18A.settled Brelaxed Cpleased Drefreshed答案與解析：A'根據(jù)上文的“Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安頓下來，與下文重新開始自己原有的項目計劃呼應(yīng)。settle“定居”。19A.ownership Bhobby Cpromise Drole答案與解析：D'根據(jù)上文的“working as a barber”及下文的“as the Storybook Barber”可推知，Holmes又重啟自己的邊讀書邊理發(fā)項目，扮演好自己的角色。20A.secret Bsafe Crough Dcrowded答案與解析：B'根據(jù)“Today's world is full of guns and violence”可知，在這個紛亂的世界里，理發(fā)店可以作為孩子們讀書的安全之地。四、單句改錯1I don't know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen._答案：thea此處表述“大量的問題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of . “的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。2Don't take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place._答案：去掉thein place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄?We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us._答案：make后加amake a difference “有影響；起作用”。4He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day._答案：第一個fortoapply to sb. for . “向某人申請”。5There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all._答案：whetherthatThere is no doubt that . “毫無疑問”。7