Unit 4 Global warming課時作業(yè).閱讀理解A(2019·山師附中模擬)Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet，or new plans to battle its effects.But the concept itself isn't new at allin fact，scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824，when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature.Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid.As light shines through the glass，the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat.As Fourier's ideas spread，it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect.Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along，did scientists understand how global warming actually works.After years of work，Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.Arrhenius found that CO2，and other gases trap radiation，which warms the atmosphere.Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect.But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet.At a lecture later that year，Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry，scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950，when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it.By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the longterm consequences of climate change.Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effectstill，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.【文章大意】本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們對氣候變化的眾多探索。200年來科學(xué)家們一直在探索氣候變化的問題。溫室效應(yīng)這個觀點(diǎn)的提出可以追溯到1824年。瑞典化學(xué)家Arrhenius是第一位質(zhì)疑燃燒煤會增加溫室效應(yīng)的人，并且在1903年獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe atmosphere.BThe greenhouse effect.CThe climate change.DThe heat from the sun.【答案】A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid：得知科學(xué)家Fourier得出結(jié)論大氣層要為保存太陽發(fā)向地球的熱量負(fù)責(zé)，把大氣層描述成一個帶著玻璃蓋子的盒子。故選A。2When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?AIn 1903. BIn 1950.C200 years ago. DBy the end of 1950s.【答案】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the longterm consequences of climate change.得知到20世紀(jì)50年代美國科學(xué)家們才發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖的危害。故選D。3What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish?APositive. BIndifferent.CSupportive. DOpposed.【答案】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.得知作者對瑞典化學(xué)家Arrhenius的觀點(diǎn)持有反對意見。故選D。4What's the main idea of the text?ACauses of climate change. BEffects of greenhouse gases.CExplorations on climate change. DFindings about global warming.【答案】C主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容得知本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們對氣候變化的眾多探索。故選C。B(2019·安陽模擬)You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature.But，rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤離) of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century，sea level rose 812 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country's drinking water.Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreements the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries，Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影響的) to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”【語篇解讀】本文主要講述的是全球變暖導(dǎo)致海平面上升，讓一些海洋中的島國深受其害。呼吁我們對此采取措施。5The text is mainly about _.Arapid changes in earth's temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmoving of a country to a new placeDreasons for lowland flooding【答案】B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤離)of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.說明全球變暖不僅僅是溫度升高；而且海平面的上升更是讓很多的島國都遇見了很大的困難，故B項(xiàng)正確。6According to scientists the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is _.Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels【答案】B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后2行Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.說明表層海水的溫度升高是主要的問題，故B正確。7Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not _.Aagree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were real【答案】A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段前4行Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions(導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)的氣體排放)，which are a main cause of global warming.說明他對美國政府不滿意的原因是美國拒絕簽署京都協(xié)議。故A正確。8The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is _.AAustralia BNew ZealandCthe Maldives Dthe United States【答案】C細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影響的)to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”說明Maldives這個國家和Tuvalu遇見了相似的難題。故C項(xiàng)正確。.完形填空Imagine you are a girl.You may _1_ know what goes through your head when a _2_ grabs you from behind and _3_ you from a path and into a park，holding a knife to your throat.I do，however，know _4_ it feels like to be that girl.I know the shock and terror that goes through the mind _5_ a man attacks her，hitting her in the face，trying to subdue(制服)her.I know _6_ it happened to me in May，while walking down a street in Hunters Hill.The _7_ was after a friend's birthday celebration，following a day at university.The park where the attack _8_ was a park where I have walked my dog.It was directly opposite a girls' high school.Fortunately I _9_ to the attack by keeping calm.I fought the man _10_ by screaming and scratching(抓撓)I can say without a _11_ that the selfdefence course I took in high school eight years ago _12_ me to escape without being hurt.The selfdefence course taught me I had the right to fight back.By _13_ and roleplaying the situation in advance，I had _14_ to refer to.About 100,000 Australian women _15_ sexual attack every year.If schools _16_ as much time teaching young women to _17_ themselves as they do teaching resuscitation(使人復(fù)蘇)，perhaps these statistics would be _18_.In talking about the attack，I _19_ want to argue in favour of the value of learning selfdefence.These selfdefence courses are just as _20_ as courses in road safety and resuscitation.【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者結(jié)合自己遭遇暴力脅迫的經(jīng)歷，極力強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)校開設(shè)女生自衛(wèi)課程的意義，大聲呼吁學(xué)校要對廣大女學(xué)生進(jìn)行自衛(wèi)教育。1A.neverBeverCforever Dhowever【答案】A與第二段第一句中I know及轉(zhuǎn)折詞however對應(yīng)，選A合適。2A.thief BmanCrobber Dprisoner【答案】B由第二段第二句中.a man attacks her.可知選B。3A.takes BpushesCdrags Dhits【答案】C這里是設(shè)想一個犯罪場景，與grabs，holding a knife to your throat對應(yīng)，自然是drags合理，意為“用力拖、拽”。hits不能同from a path，into a park搭配，故D不可選。4A.when BhowCwhy Dwhat【答案】D這里指“我”的確知道作為那個女孩子感覺是什么樣的。5A.before BafterCas Duntil【答案】C這里是as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。6A.so BbecauseCso that Dbecause of【答案】B這里是because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。7A.attcak BconflictCfight Devent【答案】A上下文都出現(xiàn)了attack一詞，也是全文的關(guān)鍵詞之一。event通常指“重大的事件”，與文章情境不符。8A.took place Btook the placeCtook control Dtook charge【答案】A攻擊是發(fā)生在“我”遛過狗的公園。B、C、D分別意為“取代，代替”；“控制”；“負(fù)責(zé)”，與句意不符。9A.replied BobjectedCpointed Dresponded【答案】D面對攻擊，“我”的反應(yīng)是保持冷靜。respond to“對某事作出回應(yīng)、答復(fù)”。10A.off BoutCdown Dback【答案】A“我”又抓又叫，使他沒有得逞。fight sb.off“擊退，阻止”；fight back“還擊”，后接賓語要用fight back against sb./sth.；fight down“抑制住，不流露”；fight out“決出勝負(fù)，辯論出結(jié)果”，B、C、D均不符合文意。11A.consideration BhesitationCdoubt Dtrouble【答案】C“我”敢肯定地說“我”上高中時所學(xué)的自衛(wèi)課程幫了“我”大忙，使“我”免受傷害。表示“毫無疑問”可以說without doubt，也可以說without a doubt；consideration“思索”或hesitation“猶豫”在此處不準(zhǔn)確，且其前也不可用不定冠詞。12A.taught BhelpedCprotected Dtold【答案】B此處.to escape without being hurt.表示結(jié)果，與teach搭配起來不合邏輯；protect用于protect sb.(from)doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)；told沒有helped貼切，故B正確。13A.reporting about Btalking aboutCknowing about Dworrying about【答案】B這里指在課堂上，學(xué)生們討論這一情景，再分角色模擬這一情景。14A.rights BbooksCknowledge Dstrength【答案】C這里指通過自衛(wèi)課程，“我”學(xué)到了關(guān)于這一方面的知識。15A.hear BwitnessCsolve Dexperience【答案】D在澳大利亞，每年大約有10萬女性會遭受到性侵。只有D能表示“遭受”這一含義。16A.needed BtookCused Dspent【答案】D本題為spend time doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：如果學(xué)校用來教育年輕女孩自衛(wèi)的時間跟他們來培訓(xùn)(急救)復(fù)蘇的時間一樣多的話。17A.improve BloveCrespect Ddefend【答案】D此處作者講述的是selfdefence course，故D正確。18A.acceptable BlargeCdifferent Dstable【答案】C如果是這樣的話，這些數(shù)據(jù)可能會大不一樣。作者的意思是遭受到性侵的婦性會大大減少。A、B、D與作者的意思相矛盾。19A.particularly BhopefullyCeasily Dgenerally【答案】A通過把“我”的這次經(jīng)歷講出來，“我”特別想表示支持自衛(wèi)教育有重大價(jià)值這一說法。從文章第三段開始，這一直就是作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的問題，故選A“格外，特別”，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。20A.interesting BperfectCimportant Dnormal【答案】C上句談到the value of learning selfdefence，上文作者又結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷談到了自衛(wèi)課程起到的作用，故此處意為“這些自衛(wèi)課程的確同公路安全課程和復(fù)蘇課程一樣重要”。.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2018·開封市5月模擬)Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.”Hearing this，a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.After class，I learned up from the teachr that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped with others.My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid hurt others if our words are not encouraging.【答案】Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl chlothes never fit her.”Hearing this， whole class burst into laughter and my face turned red.After class，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped others.My mindless words must have hurt deeply.Not until then I realize words could be in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid others if our words are not encouraging.書面表達(dá)(2016·天津卷)假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的學(xué)生會主席李津。一批來自英國的高中生與你校學(xué)生開展了為期兩周的交流活動?，F(xiàn)在，他們即將回國，你將在歡送會上致辭。請根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇發(fā)言稿。(1)回顧雙方的交流活動(如學(xué)習(xí)、生活、體育、文藝等方面)；(2)談?wù)勈斋@或感情；(3)表達(dá)祝愿與期望。注意：(1)詞數(shù)不少于100；(2)可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實(shí)，行文連貫；(3)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear friends，How time flies！_Thank you.【參考范文】Dear friends，How time flies！I am Li Jin，president of Student Union of Chenguang Middle School.It's my great privilege to be here，sharing this moment with our fellow friends from the Great Britain.During the twoweek activities，we surely exchanged our ideas on learning，ways of life，PE and cultures.One of the highlights was the sports meeting where we competed with each other in the basketball match.The past two weeks witnessed our growth and friendship.It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.After the twoweek exchange activities，we now have a better understanding of each other on a whole new level.Now I sincerely hope our friendship lasts forever.Wish you all the best!Thank you.11