What is happiness to you李仕才一、閱讀理解。According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students.Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy.In recent times it has become the most debated topic among parents and educators，with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses.Students are instructed to follow certain rules：for boys，pants，shirts with turtlenecks，sweaters and jackets are acceptable，while in some schools，shorts are strictly forbidden；similarly，for girls，long skirts，blouses，pants and flat­heeled shoes are acceptable.School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand，Indonesia，India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period.In these countries，girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts.In preschool though，girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts.In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students.The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit，discipline and increase equality among all students.Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students.This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents.In many countries，though students' wearing uniforms has produced some positive results，in the United States，the implementation(實施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success.1What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to?ASchools. BParents.CStudents. DTeachers.2What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3?AThe uniform system in the public school follows Britain.BThe Australian students dress more casually.CThe uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand.DMost Australian students wear school uniforms.3What's the intention of school uniforms at first?ATo encourage students to be more diligent.BTo improve students' academic achievement.CTo prevent students fighting with each other.DTo promote the equality among students.4What's the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms?ASupportive. BNeutral.CNegative. DFactual.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，通過介紹美國目前校服的普及情況，討論了校服的作用，最后指出在某些國家，如美國，校服制度的實施還需要努力?！倦y句分析】In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.分析：本句是復(fù)合句，其中包含了where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，主句運用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。譯文：在其他地區(qū)，像英國實行過殖民統(tǒng)治的規(guī)則(仍然)有效的新西蘭和澳大利亞，公立學(xué)校的校服制度仿效英國的校服制度。1C考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)該詞上文的“that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student”和下文的“Students are.rules”可知此處指的是學(xué)生。2A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system”可知，澳大利亞的公立學(xué)校的校服制度是仿效英國的。3C考查推理判斷。從文章第一段中的“According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students”可知，穿校服最初的目的是防止學(xué)生之間打架。4C考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students”可知評論家們對于校服的態(tài)度是消極的。二、單項選擇。1.Youd better take a pen when you go to the meeting _ there is something important to write down.A. as if B so as to C in order to D. in case【答案】D。【解析】BC 選項后接動詞原形，故排除。as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，in case 意為“以防”可以用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。句意：去開會時你最好帶上鋼筆，以防有什么重要的東西可以記下來。2.By the time scientists _ the fundamental structure of dark matter, I'm sure that man _ amazing advances in science.A. figure out, has made B. will figure out, will makeC. figure out, will have made D. will figure out, will be making【答案】C【解析】句意：到科學(xué)家們弄清楚暗物質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時，我肯定人類將已經(jīng)在科學(xué)上取得了驚人的進步。by 表示“到為止”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句常與完成時連用，主句的謂語用將來完成時態(tài)，時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。23.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】非謂語動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語“His wallet, mobile phone and ID card”與動詞“steal”存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。句意： “莎倫，那人現(xiàn)在為何那么郁悶？” “他的錢包、手機以及身份證被盜。警方正在調(diào)查并會把他送到一家社會救助站去。 ”4._ before bed, cellphones can result in a restless night.A. To use B. Using C. Used D. Having used【答案】C【解析】句意：睡前使用手機，會導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量下降。cellphones 與 use 是動賓關(guān)系，即使用手機，應(yīng)該用過去分詞表被動，排除 A、B、D，本句可改寫為：If cellphones are used before bed, they can result in a restless night.。25.The parents do everything we can _ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.A. provide B. providing C. provided D. to provide【答案】D【解析】句意：那對父母做了他們能做的一切為他們的女兒提供良好的教育，為了她以后能得到一份好工作。原句應(yīng)為：The parents do everything we can do to provide their daughter with good education.所以選 D。6.As Chinas villages meet modernity, with such conveniences as the flushing toilet, the Internet and personal carownership, some traditions are being left by the wayside, only _ in memory.A. remained B. remaining C. to be remained D. being remained【答案】B【解析】句意：隨著中國農(nóng)村步入現(xiàn)代化，沖水馬桶、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和私家車等便利到來，一些傳統(tǒng)留在人們的記憶里?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，remain 一詞表示“遺留”時為系動詞，故沒有被動形式。7.Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?I will spend a whole week _ in your room to wait for their coming.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked【答案】C【解析】 過去分詞短語作狀語。 根據(jù)句意“把自己關(guān)在你的房間里度過一周的時間”， 即 lock myself in yourroom，lock 與主語 I 之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語，表示方式。句意： “請問告訴我您怎樣才能抓住強盜呢?” “我把自己關(guān)在你房間里一個禮拜，等待他們的到來(就抓住他們了)。 ”8._ by the sad story of the child, many people offered to lend him a helping hand.A. Being affected B. Having affected C. Affected D. To affect【答案】C【解析】許多人因受感動而伸出援助之手，故用 affect 的過去分詞作狀語，表示被動和完成。句意：許多人因受那個男孩悲慘故事的感動，主動伸出了援助之手。9._ the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against attention problems.A. To explore B. Having explored C. Exploring D. Having been explored【答案】B【解析】逗號后面分詞的邏輯主語 expert 與 explore 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且 explore 所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞 decided 所表示的動作之前，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。句意：在探究了青少年的大腦之后，這位專家決定要寫一本關(guān)于如何幫助青少年與注意力方面的問題作斗爭的書。10.The storm _, they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hut B. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hut D. being destroyed【答案】C【解析】這是分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句。分詞的完成式表示其動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前， 根據(jù)句意可知，暴風雨毀掉草屋在前，故 C 是答案。句意：風暴摧毀了他們的茅舍，所以他們不得不住在洞里。11.Mr Muite refused to talk to them except _ in the company of his legal colleagues, therefore the police officers departedA. in terms of B. in company of C. in favor of D. in view of【答案】B【解析】in the company of 在陪同下。句意：繆特先生拒絕在沒有其律師同事陪同的情況下和他們說話，于是警察們就離開了。12.Teddy came to my _ with a check of $ 200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen.A. attendance B. Assistance C. rescue D. safety【答案】B【解析】句意：我告訴特迪我的錢包被偷了后，他帶著 200 美元的支票來幫我付了房租。come to ones assistance 為固定搭配， “來支援(或幫忙)某人” ，符合句意。attendance 出席，到場；rescue 援救，解救；safety 安全。13.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant【答案】A【解析】句意：閃電一發(fā)生你就看見閃光，但過一會兒才聽到雷聲。instant 瞬間，剎那，比 moment 所指的時間更短，但用法與 moment 基本一致。the instant 一就，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，符合題意。for an instant 一瞬間；on the instant 立即；in an instant 立刻，馬上。14.I was late this morning because my alarm clock failed to _.A. turn off B. go after C. go off D. switch off【答案】C【解析】 句意： 我今天早晨遲到了， 是因為我的鬧鐘沒響。 turn off 關(guān)掉； go after 追趕， 追求； 謀求； go off(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲；switch off 關(guān)掉。20.I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _ even she did not want me to see her as she was.A. where B. When C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】句意：我確實非常愛我媽媽，但是情況發(fā)展到這樣一種程度：她甚至不想讓我看到她以前的樣子。當先行詞是 point，case，situation 等時，定語從句多用 where 引導(dǎo)，where 在從句中作狀語。三、完形填空。Walking through the park one autumn day, I passed some children selling hot chocolate. One girl, 1 , asked, “Would you like to help 2 our park and playground? Its only 50 cents a cup.” Of course, I couldnt resist it, and felt 3 that kids this young had such a(an) 4 in improving their community. It seems that this group of kids, who were having great fun pouring hot chocolate and feeling 5 that they were helping a local cause, already grasped a fundamental idea about 6 out to help others: It feels great! No matter your age or the size of your gesture, whether it is giving out drinks, baking cookies, 7 toys to underprivileged(貧困的)kids, 8 a pet from a shelter, or giving clothing to homeless people, giving does a heart good.This valuable 9 usually shines brightest around the holidays-a time when we pause to 10 on our good fortune and on those not so 11 . But its really an important year-round lesson, and not just because being charitable(仁慈的)is the 12 thing to do. Giving to others helps lessen two major 13 on todays families.The onslaught(狂轟爛炸)of materialism with its 14 on self-centeredness. From a constant onslaught of 15 on TV, in the movies, and on computer screenswe are 16 to “need” the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. Our children are particularly 17 influenced by advertisers who focus on their desire to fit in, which in turn can lead to a “give me” mindset(心態(tài))early.The over-exposure to bad news, which causes 18 . In the past few years, terrifying images of violence and chaos have been difficult to 19 . These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad.We cant completely shelter our children from these 20 . But we can combat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help othersan act that changes the way of the world.1. A. sighing B. weeping C. smiling D. bargaining【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“Would you like”可知，這個小女孩是笑著(smile)問“我”的，故C項正確。2. A. support B. promote C. reply D. trust【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“our park and playground”可知，這個小女孩是笑著問“我”是否愿意幫助支持(support)他們的公園和操場的建設(shè)，故A項正確。3. A. confused B. absorbed C. urged D. impressed【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“I couldnt resist it”可知，這個小女孩的請求讓“我”覺得印象是深刻的(impressed)，故D項正確。4. A. interest B. investment C. hatred D. adventure【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“in improving their community. ”可知，讓“我”印象深刻的是這個小女孩對改善社區(qū)有如此大的興趣(interest)，故A項正確。5. A. awful B. desperate C. proud D. doubtful【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“they were helping a local cause”可知，這些孩子為幫助地方事業(yè)建設(shè)而感到驕傲(proud)，故C項正確。6. A. blowing B. leaking C. breaking D. reaching【答案】D7. A. abandoning B. classifying C. selling D. donating【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“to underprivileged kids”可知，此處是說給貧困兒童捐贈(donate)玩具，故D項正確。8. A. adopting B. adapting C. adjusting D. abusing【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“a pet from a shelter”可知，此處是說從庇護所領(lǐng)養(yǎng)(adopt)一個寵物，故A項正確。9. A. suggestion B. lesson C. academy D. determination【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“usually shines brightest around the holidays”及下文中“l(fā)esson”的提示可知，這個寶貴的教訓(xùn)(lesson)在整個假期閃閃發(fā)光，故B項正確。10. A. depend B. comment C. feed D. reflect【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“on our good fortune”可知，此處是說我們停下來思考(reflect on)我們的好運，故D 項正確。11. A. worn-out B. eye-catching C. laid-off D. well-off【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“good fortune”可知，此處是說那些并不富裕的(well-off)人，故D項正確。12. A. ambiguous B. convenient C. right D. innocent 【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“being charitable”可知，此處是說仁慈是正確的(right)事情，故C項正確。13. A. illnesses B. stresses C. chances D. burdens【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“Giving to others helps lessen”可知，此處是說幫助他人緩解生活中的兩大壓力(stress)，故B項正確。14. A. effect B. emphasis C. advice D. analysis【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“self-centeredness”可知，此處是說物質(zhì)主義強調(diào)(emphasis)自我為中心，故B項正確。15. A. advertising B. competing C. meeting D. negotiating【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)下文中的“advertisers”可知，此處是說廣告(advertising)的狂轟濫炸，故A項正確。16. A. prohibited B. encouraged C. frightened D. threatened【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“to need the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. ”可知，廣告的狂轟濫炸目的是鼓勵(encourage)我們買東西，故B項正確。17. A. easily B. slightly C. increasingly D. indirectly【答案】A【解析】上文說廣告的狂轟濫炸鼓勵我們買東西，此處是說我們的孩子特別容易(easily)受其影響，故A項正確。18. A. advance B. embarrassment C. disagreement D. fear 【答案】D19. A. win B. avoid C. persuade D. defeat【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad. ”可知，暴力和臟亂的畫面很難避免(avoid)，故B項正確。20. A. realities B. requests C. profits D. applications【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“But we can combat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help others”可知，此處是說我們雖然不能讓孩子們免受這些現(xiàn)實(reality)的沖擊，但可以通過教他們幫助他人來對抗這種影響，故A項正確。四、七選五。Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Heres your todo list：Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC recommends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderateintensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity, plus musclestrengthening activity at least two days per week.Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You cant change what youre not aware of or dont acknowledge.”Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?4 . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” CNathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.If youre not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. Its not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. .AHow intense is that activityBConsider your social networkCThe idea is to write it down without judgmentDIts time to learn something about the social appsEIts OK if you leave out some items in your food diaryFIt is the awareness of your own state of health that mattersGAre you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了掌握自身健康狀況的方法。1A解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Assess your activity.”以及關(guān)鍵詞activity可知A項與此處匹配。A項與“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”為并列問句。2C解析：根據(jù)空前的“Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about.”可知，空處應(yīng)講的是不做評判地記下一天要吃的食物。所以C項正確。3G解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的關(guān)鍵詞mood與G項中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼應(yīng)；G項與空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”為并列問句。4B解析：根據(jù)空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要講述的是要有社交活動，B項中的“social network”與此呼應(yīng)。所以選B。5F解析：根據(jù)空前的“Its not about being goodorbad，rightorwrong”可知，選F項“意識到你自身的健康狀況是很重要的”。11