Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note李仕才一、閱讀理解。Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (學(xué)步的兒童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isnt challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠無(wú)情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their childs genes so its been difficult to know if were seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互動(dòng)) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in childrens development, said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing good job or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.1.Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Kids social behaviors are related to crime.B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.B. The genes decide kids antisocial behaviors.C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.3.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids antisocial behaviors.B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents characteristics.C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers active interactions with kids.D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.4.Why will researchers track kids process of growing?A. To make sure if kids behaviors will last.B. To make sure if praise will change kids.C. To determine if kids behaviors will be inherited.D. To determine if parents comfort will protect kids. 【文章大意】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的反社會(huì)行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，積極的育兒方式可以減輕孩子的反社會(huì)行為。1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler  years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isnt challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介紹了孩子們的反社會(huì)行為有可能使他們走向犯罪的道路，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遺傳) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing good job or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，積極的育兒教育可以減輕孩子遺傳的反社會(huì)行為，故D項(xiàng)正確。4.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人員追蹤孩子的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程是為了弄清楚孩子的反社會(huì)行為是否會(huì)持續(xù)下去，故A項(xiàng)正確。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing _ she was heading.答案：where根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞where，作賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，表示“不知道前往何處”。2(2017·天津高考)I _(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.答案：was drivingbe doing. when. 是固定句式，表示“正在做這時(shí)”，從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3Today I will introduce Charles Dickens to you, the great nineteenth century English _(novel)答案：novelistnovelist名詞“小說(shuō)家”。4The rules of the school do not permit _(park) near the school gate.答案：parkingpermit doing sth. “允許做某事”。5We tried _(seek) an answer to the question, but couldn't find one.答案：to seektry to seek sth. “努力去尋找某物”。6The best way to experience hutong life is simply _(wander) around the alleys, either on foot or by bicycle.答案：to wander不定式短語(yǔ)，在本句中作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。7It is very important to teach their children how to deal with others' kindness and _(rude)答案：rudeness由“kindness and”可知應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式rudeness。8She lay on the grass, staring at the sky _(spot) with stars.答案：spottedbe spotted with “布滿(mǎn)著”，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。9The reason why he asked for two days' leave is _he had to take care of his sick son.答案：that10The results are quite contrary _my expectations, and it's really frustrating.答案：tobe contrary to “與正好相反”。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明節(jié))I liked the idea of _1_ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to _2_.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something _3_ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)My children didn't ask for anything much in particular and they _4_ whatever they got.As the years progressed，I _5_ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah.But this year，Hanukkah _6_ something else.My special­needs son decided that he wanted to _7_ a computer，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldn't _8_ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen，he got _9_.I keep _10_ him that Hanukkah isn't about greed or materialism.It's about the miracle of an oil lamp that _11_ for eight days.It's about being _12_ of our heritage.It's about freedom.But he _13_.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his _14_ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a special­needs child is as _15_ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays _16_ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，he's a(n) _17_ child who is showing me the true meaning of life.And as we enter a new year and light the _18_ approaching the time，I welcome his differences _19_ I learn how to turn negative requests into _20_ ones.1A.buyingBdonatingClighting Ddrawing2A.celebrate BpresentCsend Dplay3A.at BforCin Dfrom4A.ate BthrewCliked Ddrank5A.held up Bgave inChanded in Dkept up6A.made BbecameCfound Ddesigned7A.build BbuyCuse Dwatch8A.rely on Blearn fromCagree to Ddream about9A.calm BhappyCselfish Dupset10A.telling BwarningCpromising Daccusing11A.lays BhangsCwaits Dburns12A.tired BproudCafraid Dlack13A.nodded BsleptCinsisted Dfailed14A.mind BsightCcontrol Dplace15A.wonderful BdangerousCinteresting Dchallenging16A.run out Bbreak downCwork out Dput down17A.strange BamazingCbad Denergetic18A.candles BlampsCtorches Dlanterns19A.when BasCunless Duntil20A.relative BpossibleCreasonable Dpositive【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者一家過(guò)光明節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)、變化及作者的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和反思?！竞诵脑~匯】greed n貪婪materialism n物質(zhì)主義miracle n奇跡1C根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the _18_approaching the time”可知，此處指點(diǎn)蠟燭。2A根據(jù)上文的“Hanukkah(光明節(jié))”可推知，節(jié)日是用來(lái)慶祝的。3B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“l(fā)ess than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此處表示東西的價(jià)格，故用介詞for。4C結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“My children didn't ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子們并不挑剔，很喜歡拿到的禮物。5D結(jié)合下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year, Hanukkah _6_ something else”和“My special­needs son”可推知，作者保持那個(gè)傳統(tǒng)很多年。6B根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year，Hanukkah _6_ something else”和“My special­needs son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新變化。7A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，兒子要組建一臺(tái)電腦，要作者去買(mǎi)零配件。8C根據(jù)下文的“And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen, he got _9_ ”可推知，作者沒(méi)同意兒子的要求，兒子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。9D很明顯，作者沒(méi)同意兒子的要求，兒子感到難過(guò)。upset“難過(guò)”。10A很明顯，作者在不斷地給兒子講道理，說(shuō)明節(jié)日的意義。11D根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the _18_ approaching the time”可推知，D項(xiàng)burn“燃燒，發(fā)亮”符合語(yǔ)境。12B固定搭配be proud of意為“以為傲，為而自豪”，符合語(yǔ)境。13C根據(jù)下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his _14_ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，兒子不為所動(dòng)，堅(jiān)持自己的要求。14C根據(jù)“obsessions(迷戀的物)”可推知，兒子陷入迷戀的事物之中，已經(jīng)失控。out of control“失控”。15D很明顯，作者應(yīng)對(duì)有特殊需求的兒子有些棘手。challenging “挑戰(zhàn)性的”。16C根據(jù)“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那樣發(fā)展。work out“成功地發(fā)展”。17B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此處的語(yǔ)氣表示肯定、贊賞，故選B。 amazing“了不起的”。18A根據(jù)上文的“I liked the idea of _1_ a candle every night”可知，節(jié)日期間作者一家點(diǎn)蠟燭慶祝。19B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故選B。as“因?yàn)椤薄?0D與語(yǔ)境中的“negative”形成對(duì)比可知，此處表示把負(fù)面要求變成積極要求。positive“積極的”。四、單句改錯(cuò)1We finally reached what the temple stood._答案：whatwhere本句中的stood意為“(某物)處于某一位置”，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where連接賓語(yǔ)從句。2The telephone is ringing. Answer it to see whoever is calling._答案：whoeverwhowhoever “無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，不可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。本句中，應(yīng)用作主語(yǔ)，且表示“誰(shuí)”的關(guān)系代詞who連接賓語(yǔ)從句，故改whoever為who。3After the traffic accident happened, the police were at the scene at once._答案：第一個(gè)atonon the scene “在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。4After the rain stopped, they went ahead their work of digging up the street._答案：ahead后加withgo ahead with sth. “(停留一段時(shí)間后)繼續(xù)做某事”。5I know it's dangerous to go there without a map, but I'll take an chance._答案：anatake a chance “冒險(xiǎn)”。五、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2018·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考)It's nice being nice to others；it's also great to give people a hand.However，if you start to hurt yourself by doing so，then this is not so healthy._1_ If you fear that you might fall into this category，the following tips will help you to stand up for yourself and regain your self­confidence._2_ Although you may often stay silent if something is wrong or bothers you，it is better to speak your mind right away.You don't have to be rude，but you do have to be firm and direct.Don't do things for others if you don't really want to.Speak up, and soon others will be seeing you in a whole new light.Start small._3_ This will allow you to practice being brave and self­confident.Tell a person who has cut in line in front of you to move to the back of the line，or tell a salesperson to do that.Before long，you will be confident enough to stand up to your friends and family members.Judge well.When dealing with others，you have to exercise good judgment._4_ If a colleague isn't doing his part，you should rightfully demand that he start doing so.However，if a taxi cuts you off in traffic，just let it go._5_ Rome wasn't built in a day.If you want to get back again after having been a pushover(耳軟心活的人)，it's best to take one step at a time.AExpress yourself.BRegain your confidence.CStart by speaking up for yourself with strangers.DEveryone has the right to live without being judged.EIf you slip back into the pushover mode every once in a while，don't blame yourself.FSadly，some people are so easily pushed around that they come to be seen as pushovers.GIt's one thing to be confident，but quite another to forcefully say no to an unreasonable request.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了三個(gè)避免成為一個(gè)耳軟心活的人的技巧。1F首先，由空前的“However”一詞可知，本段第二句與第一句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；其次，由語(yǔ)境可知，空處承接上文，空后的“this category”指代空處所講的情況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“遺憾的是，一些人很容易被擺布，以至于被看做是耳軟心活的人”與之匹配，所以選F項(xiàng)。2A空處是本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文中的“speak your mind right away”和“Speak up”可知，本段主要是說(shuō)要表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。3C根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Start small可知，本段主要講的是從小事做起。根據(jù)空后的“a person who has cut in line in front of you”和“a salesperson”可知，敘述的內(nèi)容與“strangers”有關(guān)，故選項(xiàng)C“從同陌生人表達(dá)自己(的觀點(diǎn))開(kāi)始”與此處匹配。4G根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題和空前的“exercise good judgment”可知，本段主要講的是正確的判斷是重要的。再根據(jù)空后兩句可知，面對(duì)兩種不同的情況應(yīng)有的反應(yīng)是不同的，判斷是一回事，實(shí)踐又是另一回事。故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。5E根據(jù)空后的“Rome wasn't built in a day”可知，羅馬不是一日建成的即要一步一步來(lái)，所以E項(xiàng)“如果你又一次陷入了耳軟心活的模式中，不要責(zé)備自己”與此處匹配。9