課 時 作 業(yè) 32.閱讀理解(2019·陜西省榆林市第一中學(xué)高三檢測)Robots come in many shapes and sizes, but scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, have developed one new robot called Pleurobot, which looks and acts just like a salamander (火蜥蜴)To create the robot, scientists took hundreds of X­rays of real salamanders. They studied the images of these animals to see which joints (關(guān)節(jié)) and muscles the animals use as they move. Then the scientists built the Pleurobot's skeleton to move just like the real thing. This makes the robot's movements incredibly lifelike.According to experts, salamanders were among the first animals to develop a skeleton and nervous system that allowed them to travel on land. “By studying the modern salamander, we have a time window to the ancestors of all vertebrates(脊椎動物), including humans，” Auke Ijspeert, the designer of the robot, told scholastic News Online.Both people and salamanders have a spinal cord (脊髓). An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Now, there is no cure for paralysis (癱瘓). Ijspeert hopes that the Pleurobot can help change that. Because these studies could help researchers develop new ways to help people who have been paralyzed by spinal cord injuries.Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search­and­rescue tasks too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like fallen buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.Experts are now working on a smaller, sturdier (harder to break) model of the Pleurobot. They expect this one to be even better suited for getting into small spaces to do dangerous work.這篇文章主要講了瑞士的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一款新的機器人，這款機器人看起來有些像火蜥蜴。1What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow real salamanders move.BWhat the Pleurobot looks like.CWhy scientists invented the Pleurobot.DHow scientists designed the Pleurobot.答案：D解析：主旨大意題。第二自然段主要講了科學(xué)家設(shè)計這款機器人的過程，選D。2What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe shape of the spinal cord.BThe movement of robotic animals.CThe problem of spinal cord injuries.DThe way the brain controls the spinal cord.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。由上文內(nèi)容An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Now, there is no cure for paralysis (癱瘓)可知，that指的是脊椎受傷的問題，選C。3Which of the following can best describe the Pleurobot?AFashionable.BEntertaining.CFunctional.DPower­saving.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。由Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search­and­rescue tasks too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like fallen buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.可推斷出機器人Pleurobot非常實用，選C。4The text is most probably _.Aa news reportBa research paperCan advertisementDan official document答案：A解析：推理判斷題。這篇文章主要講了瑞士的科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一款新的機器人，這款機器人看起來有些像火蜥蜴，所以這篇文章最可能是一則新聞報道，選A。.七選五(2019·唐山一中高三模擬考試)It was a beautiful morning in New Mexico.I was running up the mountain.I was carrying a loaf of bread，two pounds of apples，and a fresh change of clothes.This is not a crazy dream I had.Like many people，I often run errands on my way to work.Unlike most people，I take the running part “word by word”. _1_ I don't drive.I rarely bike.So to get places，I run.In a typical week，I run about 70 miles.I haven't always run everywhere. _2_ After a long but productive day，I woke up in the hospitalI was diagnosed with epilepsy(癲癇)There were medical tests to be taken and of course lots of forms to be filled in.I realized that where I thought I had answers，there were only questions.I was about to move to Santa Fe for a dream job.Would it be safe to live there alone? _3_ What if I had a seizure(發(fā)作)while I was running，in this town I didn't know，far from my family? So I sat down，and penned down what I planned to do.So it got started.Running means independence.Running meant I could rely on myself. _4_ Now I still run everywhere，even if I don't need to anymore. _5_ I cannot imagine my life without it.Running has taught me not to be afraid.To accept what comes.Even if people think I look silly running.ANo one believes in me.BRunning meant a choice.CAs a matter of fact，I run everywhere.DBut another question jumped at me in no time.EI know I will have to stop somewhere in my life.FIt turns out that my illness hasn't shape me，but running has.GIt started one evening more than eight years ago during a work trip.這篇短文介紹我一直在跑步，是因為我當初被診斷為癲癇，我依靠自己，堅持跑步，沒有讓疾病控制我，我卻離不開跑步了。1C解析：考查上下文推理判斷能力。根據(jù)第一段語境可知，此處表示我經(jīng)常跑步，銜接下面的“我不開車，也很少騎自行車?！辈⑶业诙沃械摹癐 haven't always run everywhere.”可知上一段提到他總是到處跑。C項(事實上，我到處跑。)符合語境。2G解析：考查上下文推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段下文介紹自己曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。G項(這件事開始于八年前工作之旅的一個晚上。)該項作為一個事件的開端，非常合適，并且與下文銜接緊密。3D解析：考查上下文推理判斷能力。根據(jù)該處上一句是自己提問的一個問題，下一句也是一個問題，而D項(但又有一個問題突然向我撲來。)放在兩個句子中間銜接上下兩句。4B解析：考查上下文推理判斷能力。本段是說跑步意味著獨立。B項(跑步是一種選擇。)放在該處符合語境，與上下文銜接緊密。5F解析：考查上下文推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上句提到我現(xiàn)在仍然在跑步，即使我現(xiàn)在不需要了，并且下文表示我離不開跑步了，可推知我的病好了。F項(事實證明，我的病并沒有塑造我，但跑步卻做到了。)與上下句銜接緊密。.語法填空(2019·河北武邑中學(xué)高三調(diào)研)A humanoid robot named Sophia has made history _1_ becoming the first robot in the world with citizenship. Journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin made the announcement at the end of an interview with Sophia.“We just learned, Sophia, I hope you're listening to me, that you have been now awarded _2_ is going to be the first Saudi citizenship for a Robot，” he said to applause from the audience.Sophia responded, without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”“I am very proud and honored _3_ (award) citizenship and I simply appreciate _4_ (recognize) with citizenship as a robot, which is historical.” the robot said.The pair discussed the future of artificial intelligence, _5_ Sophia said it wants to use to “help humans live a better life”Sorkin expressed concerns _6_ (previous) raised by Elon Musk that artificial intelligence could be dangerous if it _7_ (go) evil and turned on humanity. But Sophia insisted it wanted to use artificial intelligence only to “help humans live a better life”Sophia tried to remove Sorkins' fears of _8_ “bad future，” insisting that AI is “designed around human values like _9_ (wise), kindness, compassion”It accused him of “reading too much Elon Musk，” and said, “don't worry, if you're nice to me, I _10_ (be) nice to you. Treat me as a smart input­output system”本文為記敘文。沙特阿拉伯已成為首個賦予機器人以公民權(quán)的國家。25日，這個石油富國在首都利雅得舉行的未來投資倡議會議上宣布了這一決定。1by解析：考查介詞用法。一個名叫索菲亞的機器人創(chuàng)造了歷史，成為世界上第一個擁有公民身份的機器人。by doing sth.為固定用法，意為“通過，憑借”，故本空填by。2what解析：考查賓語從句。你現(xiàn)在是第一個被授予特殊公民身份的機器人。分析句子可知，本句中的賓語從句 _2_ is going to be the first Saudi 中缺少主語，所以要用疑問代詞what。3to_be_awarded解析：考查動詞不定式。我很榮幸地被授予公民資格。本句考查了常用句式sb. be adj. to do sth.，句子的主語I與動詞award是被動關(guān)系，所以要用動詞不定式的被動形式，因此填to be awarded。4being_recognized解析：考查固定搭配。appreciate doing sth.為固定搭配，意為：感激做某事。作為一個機器人被承認公民身份，對此我很感謝。文中的主語I是被承認，所以要用動詞­ing形式的被動語態(tài)。故填being recognized。5which解析：考查定語從句。兩人討論了人工智能的未來，索菲亞說，它希望用人工智能來“幫助人類過上更好的生活”。分析句子可知先行詞artificial intelligence在從句中作動詞use的賓語。先行詞在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，指物，要用which。6previously解析：考查副詞辨析。分析句子可知，本句中的形容詞previous 用于修飾動詞raised ，修飾動詞不能用形容詞而要用副詞，故填previously。7went解析：考查從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)并列的謂語 _7_ (go) evil and turned.中的turned，可知，本句中要用過去時，故填went。8a解析：考查冠詞。索菲亞試圖消除索爾金斯對“壞的未來”的恐懼。分析句子可知，future為可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，故要加不定冠詞a。9wisdom解析：考查名詞作介詞賓語。分析句子可知，本句中的形容詞wise與名詞kindness, compassion一起作介詞 like的賓語，因此要用名詞形式，故填wisdom。10will_be解析：考查時態(tài)。分析語境可知，本句表示“如果你對我好，我會對你很好”，因此主句要用一般將來時，故填will be。.短文改錯(2019·賀蘭一中高三段考)It was raining hardly outside, that made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passed by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for our children. But what had the children done in return？All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve for them unconditionally. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. How shall I do for you?答案It was raining outside, made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure by our classroom. I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for children. But what the children done in return？All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parents should serve them unconditionally. My dear mum dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. shall I do for you?.書面表達(2019·哈爾濱師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)模擬)現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生有智能手機。智能手機在方便了解更多信息、緩解壓力的同時，也產(chǎn)生了浪費時間、金錢，面對面交流減少，影響學(xué)習(xí)和休息等問題。請據(jù)此寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文，介紹一下智能手機的利與弊，并說明你的看法。Now_more_and_more_students_own_smartphones_which_become_part_of_their_daily_life._They_use_smartphones_not_only_to_get_information_around_the_world_more_quickly_and_easily,_but_also_escape_the_pressure_of_life.However,_every_coin_has_two_sides._Some_students_spend_too_much_time_and_money_on_smartphones_so_that_they_don't_have_time_to_communicate_face_to_face_with_their_friends_or_family._As_a_result,_their_life_and_studies_have_been_badly_affected.In_my_opinion,_we_should_avoid_using_smartphones_too_much._Meanwhile,_it's_necessary_for_us_to_take_part_in_more_outdoor_activities.6