專題05 非謂語動詞1. Lily doesnt feel like _ （study）abroad. Her parents are old. （單句語法填空）【錯因分析】易誤填to study。like to do sth. 喜歡做某事，偶爾一次喜歡做某事；like doing sth.后跟動詞不定式，經(jīng)常性地喜歡做某事?？吹絣ike，容易誤填to study。此句表示莉莉不想要出國留學，feel like doing sth. 想要做某事?！驹囶}解析】句意：莉蒂亞不想出國讀書。（因為）她的父母年紀大了。feel like doing sth.意為想要做某事，是固定搭配。【參考答案】studying動名詞與不定式的不同1) 動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別動名詞狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2) 接不定式或動名詞，意義相近，如：begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。3) 動名詞與不定式語義不同的有11組：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingregret to doregret doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to doafraid doinginterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingbegin / start to dobegin/ start doing常見考法1. 不定式作狀語；2. it作形式主語代替后面的不定式；3. 不定式的否定形式；4. 被動語態(tài)中的不定式；5. 不定式省to情況；6. 不定式作定語的情況。誤區(qū)提醒1. 不定式的不同形式誤用；2. 被動語態(tài)中仍然省to；3. 否定形式not位置弄錯；4. 主動語態(tài)中該省to不?。?. 不定式作定語時丟內(nèi)容。動名詞作賓語a. 作動詞的賓語，某些及物動詞后面直接接賓語時只能加動名詞，不能加不定式，如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每當違反交通規(guī)則時，Mark總是嘗試著逃脫懲罰。b. 作介詞的賓語（單個介詞或最后是介詞的動詞短語），如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。We are against killing small animals. 我們反對屠殺小動物。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們是休息一下還是繼續(xù)工作？c. 作短語動詞的賓語give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他總是被勸戒煙。d. 其他情況be worth, be busy, cant help, cant stand等。The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這音樂值得反復(fù)聽。We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們忙著為即將到來的運動會做準備。不定式作賓語I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom談?wù)?。Please show us how to do that. 請給我們演示一下怎么操作。2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _（be）late for school. （單句語法填空）【錯因分析】易誤填been或be。worried about.是過去分詞短語作狀語，【試題解析】句意：一天早上，我正在等公交車，擔心上學會遲到。介詞about后面用名詞或動名詞作賓語，故填being。【參考答案】being3. _ （ignore）the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （單句語法填空）【錯因分析】分析不清句子成分，易誤填I(lǐng)gnore。【試題解析】句意：忽視這兩種研究結(jié)果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴重的錯誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語動詞是will be；one of the worst mistakes.是表語；you make是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句，修飾mistakes。很顯然，_ the differences between the two research findings是主語部分，結(jié)合語境可知設(shè)空處用動名詞作主語?！緟⒖即鸢浮縄gnoring動名詞作主語：a. 直接位于句首作主語。Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一項很不錯的運動。b. it作形式主語，常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。It is no use telling him not to worry. 告訴他沒必要擔心。注意：important, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。c. 用于There be結(jié)構(gòu)中。There is no saying when hell come. 不知道他什么時候回來。d. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).（這里）禁止抽煙。No parking. 禁止停車。e. 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們的到來及提供的幫助對我們來說是極大地鼓勵。動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較a. 動名詞多用來表示泛指，不定式多用來表示特指。Smoking is not good for health. 抽煙對健康有害。It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽這么多煙對你不好。b. 在It is no use., It is no good., It is fun., It is a waste of time.等句型中，常用動名詞作真實主語。It is no use talking about that. 說那些沒有用。It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架沒好處。c. 在疑問句中，通常用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你說那個對他意味著什么對嗎？d. 在There be句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語。There is no telling what will happen. 沒有被告知將要發(fā)生什么。e. 句子中的主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼見為實。4. No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished _ （make）them, so he couldnt have done it. 【錯因分析】易誤填having made。有的考生誤以為是-ing形式的完成式作賓語，從而誤填having made?！驹囶}解析】finish后只能接名詞、代詞或-ing形式作賓語，故填making。【參考答案】making。常見后跟動名詞的動詞有：acknowledge承認，自認cease 停止mention說到，講到admit 承認tolerate忍受dislike不喜歡，討厭advocate提倡，主張complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激，欣賞confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate細想enjoy享有，喜愛bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒cant help不禁delay延遲escape逃跑，逃避 cant stand受不了deny否認excuse借口consider 考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想，愛好favor 造成，偏愛mind介意repent悔悟figure描繪，計算miss錯過resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得pardon原諒，饒恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原諒permit 允許resume恢復(fù)imagine設(shè)想postpone延遲，延期risk冒險involve卷入，包含practise實行，實踐suggest建議hate討厭prevent阻止save營救，儲蓄keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅持，忍受loathe非常討厭，厭惡recall回想5. When I came in, my naughty son pretended _（read）.【錯因分析】to read。有的考生以為這里是不定式的一般式作賓語，從而誤填to read?！驹囶}解析】根據(jù)語境，這里的pretended后要接to be doing 作賓語，表示我進來時，兒子假裝正在做什么。本句意為：我進來時，我那頑皮的兒子假裝在看書?！緟⒖即鸢浮縯o be reading常見后跟動詞不定式的動詞有：attempt企圖enable能夠neglect忽視afford負擔得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin開始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得determine決定manage設(shè)法cease停止hate憎恨，厭惡pretend假裝ask問dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love愛swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg請求fail不能plan計劃bother擾亂；煩惱forget忘記prefer喜歡，寧愿care關(guān)心，喜歡happen碰巧prepare準備decide決定learn學習regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇hesitate猶豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承諾，允許start開始undertake承接want想要consent同意，贊同intend想要refuse拒絕decide決定learn學習vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀incline有傾向propose提議seek找，尋覓try試圖【歸納】決心學會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on【解析】如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時，常位于形容詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾?！敬鸢浮緽2. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going【解析】why not后面接不帶to的不定式，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿3. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 【解析】make后接不帶to的動詞不定式，當其用于被動時，to不可省略，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽4. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen【解析】pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.?！敬鸢浮緼5. The patient was warned _ only food after the operation.A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】warn一詞要求后用不定式，否定形式為be warned not to do?！敬鸢浮緾6. Days of snowstorms have left the city _ under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power.A. to be trapped B. trappedC. having trapped D. being trapped【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：連日的暴雪使這個城市陷入厚厚的冰雪中，大約5萬個家庭停電。此處是leave賓語補語結(jié)構(gòu)，the city與trap之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語，故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽7. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if _ properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.A. not handled B. not being handledC. not to be handled D. not having been handled【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：專家警告說，如果醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療垃圾不能恰當處理，可能會導(dǎo)致疾病的蔓延。if條件句中省略的主語是medical waste from hospitals，與handle之間是被動關(guān)系，故選A項?！敬鸢浮緼8. Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A. Smith has taken an extra job B. the boss has given Smith an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to Smith【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：面對1萬美元的賬單，史密斯又找了一份工作。前半句是過去分詞作狀語，只有主、從句主語一致的時候，才能用非謂語動詞作狀語，所以主句主語與be faced with的主語一致，故選A項。【答案】A1. A study of travelers _ （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【錯因分析】conducting。有的考生以為此處為-ing形式作后置定語而誤填conducting?！驹囶}解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，study和conduct之間為被動關(guān)系（同時注意空格后的介詞by），所以使用過去分詞作后置定語?！緟⒖即鸢浮縞onducted。過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過去分詞作定語Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞作定語相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。動名詞作定語和動詞不定式作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading不定式作定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。2. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without _（use）electric equipment.【錯因分析】used。有的考生認為此處為過去分詞作定語而誤填used。【試題解析】由空格前的介詞without可知，空格處應(yīng)該使用動名詞形式。【參考答案】using動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的同與不同相同之處：它們都是由動詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構(gòu)成動名詞短語或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語去擔當句子成分。Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演講，他肯定很開心。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作狀語）She hates speaking in the public. 她討厭做演講。（動名詞短語，作賓語）區(qū)別：1）動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用于系動詞之后作表語，區(qū)別方法是：a. 作表語的動名詞與主語指的是同一件事，此時系動詞相當于是，通常把主語和表語的位置互換，語法和意思不變。My hobby is swimming.可改為：Swimming is my hobby. 我的愛好是游泳。b. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質(zhì),不能與主語互換位置，例如：The story is interesting. 不可改為：Interesting is the story. 這個故事很有趣。2）動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞，區(qū)別在于：動名詞修飾名詞時主要表示該名詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動作等。比較：a swimming boy一個正在游泳的男孩，即a boy who is swimming，現(xiàn)在分詞swimming表示被修飾名詞boy的動作。a swimming suit游泳衣，即a suit for swimming，動名詞swimming表示suit 的用途。常見考法1. 動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)；2. 在動名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語是動名詞；3. 動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語；4. 有些詞后只能接動名詞；5. 另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法。誤區(qū)提醒1. 動名詞(短語)作主語，謂語數(shù)用錯；2. to作不定式符號和介詞分不清；3. 否定形式not位置不對；4. 動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的用法弄混；5. 只接動名詞的動詞和短語、句型識記不完整。1.（2019天津卷單項填空）_ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned【答案】C【解析】考查動名詞。句意：學會批判性思維是當代小孩未來所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主語成分，而過去分詞、動詞都不可以作主語。此處用動名詞作主語，故選C。2. (2018·北京卷·單項填空) Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是條件狀語，修飾ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之間是被動關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞，A選項正確。3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling【解析】appreciate后可直接加動名詞作賓語，也可加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾4. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed【解析】錯選C或D。本題為動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。Doing的否定形式not要加在前面，這點一定要注意。此外，此處應(yīng)表被動，故選B。【答案】B5. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending【解析】錯選C。此句缺少主語。A、C為句子，但無引導(dǎo)詞，故排除;B項邏輯上及形式上都不對。正確答案D，為一動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！敬鸢浮緿6. On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a bench, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixingC. seated; being fixed D. sitting; fixed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在河岸邊的長椅上，眼睛盯著空中的風箏。第一空用seated或sitting作賓語補足語；第二空是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，由fix one's eyes on sth可知這里用過去分詞fixed，故選D項。【答案】D7. _ by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction.A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：被美麗的綠色的山包圍著而且位于廬山的山腳下使得它成為一個著名的旅游勝地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少主語，且surround與it之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動式，故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽8. As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, _.A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largestC. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest【解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：眾所周知，蒙特利爾是世界上說法語的第二大城市，巴黎是第一大城市。前半句是簡單句，中間沒有連詞，所以后半句需要用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，且Paris和be之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽9. Put everything _ to you in your bag, not others.A. belongs B. belongedC. belonging D. to belong【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：把所有屬于你的物品而不是別人的放進你的包里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是分詞作定語，belong to是不及物動詞短語，無被動語態(tài)，與everything之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選C項?！敬鸢浮緾10. Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can _ against national smog.A. fight B. fought C. fighting D. to fight【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這個國家的每個人都應(yīng)該努力并盡自己所能去抵抗全國性的霧霾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，what they can是do的賓語，后面應(yīng)該接不定式表目的，故選D項?！敬鸢浮緿11. Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather?No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as _.A. schedule B. schedulingC. scheduled D. to schedule【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：天氣不好，我們要不要推遲比賽？不用，不論晴天還是雨天，比賽都將按期舉行。as后省略了it is/has been，match和schedule之間是被動關(guān)系，且動作已完成，所以用過去分詞，故選C項?！敬鸢浮緾1. Peters Chinese was poor when he came to China, so he couldnt make himself _ （understand）.（單句語法填空）【錯因分析】易誤填understand。有些同學一看到make，就想起了make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。易誤填understand。但是此句中主語是he，make后面是himself，表達的是使他自己被聽懂，被弄明白。make oneself done使某人自己被?！驹囶}解析】句意：當彼得來中國時，他的漢語很差，所以他不能清楚地表達自己。himself與understand為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填understood?！緟⒖即鸢浮縰nderstood過去分詞作賓語補足語I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞作with短語中的賓語補足語。With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。2. He had his watch _ (steal) on the bus the other day.【錯因分析】to be stone。有的考生誤以為是不定式的被動式作補語，從而誤填to be stolen?！驹囶}解析】根據(jù)句意，這里是被動，由have sth done（使某物被做）可知，空格處應(yīng)該填steal的過去分詞作補語。本句意為：前幾天在公交車上他的手表被人偷了?！緟⒖即鸢浮縮tolen不定式作賓補Father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不允許我們在街上玩耍。1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項填空）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs. A. recognizingB. being recognized C. to be recognizedD. recognized【解析】考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：中國的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國家認識到中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用?！案嗟膰摇焙汀罢J識”之間是主動關(guān)系，用with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A?！敬鸢浮緼2.(2018·天津卷·單項填空)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我需要一個新護照，所以我將不得不拍照片。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，賓語my photograph與補足語之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語補足語。C項表示正在進行。故選B?！敬鸢浮緽3. Unless _, the fridge wont work properly.A. repairing B. having repairedC. being repaired D. repaired【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：除非維修，否則冰箱不能正常工作。在作狀語的分詞前?？杉右粋€時間、條件或讓步狀語的引導(dǎo)詞來表示邏輯關(guān)系。本題中the fridge與repair之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿4. Whats in the parcel?Some clothes _ to our son this afternoon.A. sent B. being sentC. to send D. to be sent【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：那個包裹里面裝著什么？一些下午要送給兒子的衣服。由this afternoon可知，此處表示將來的動作，故用不定式形式；又由于clothes和send之間是被動關(guān)系，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿5. The young actor has broken his marriage faith with his wife for another actress, _ much comment against him in blogs.A. setting off B. to set apartC. setting forth D. to set on【解析】考查動詞短語辨析和非謂語動詞。句意：這個年輕演員為了另一個女演員打破了他與妻子的婚姻信仰，引發(fā)了博客里面很多反對他的評論。set off出發(fā)，引發(fā)，引爆，使開始；set apart分開，分離；set forth啟程，出發(fā)，詳盡地解釋，展示；set on開始，著手。根據(jù)語境可知A項正確。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果，而不定式作狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果?！敬鸢浮緼6. _ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they havent saved enough money.A. Buy B. BuyingC. Bought D. Having bought【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：買一套新房對這對年輕夫婦來說是不可能的，因為他們沒有攢到足夠的錢。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語，故選B項。【答案】B7. Every book _ from the library should be returned on time.A. borrow B. to borrowC. borrowing D. borrowed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從圖書館借的每本書都要按時歸還。句中用分詞作定語，every book和borrow之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿8. _ from J. K. Rowlings book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.A. Adapting B. Having adaptedC. Adapted D. To be adapted【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：改編自J.K.羅琳的同名小說，哈利波特系列電影被普遍認為是經(jīng)典影片。句中用分詞作狀語，movies和adapt之間是被動關(guān)系，且動作已完成，用過去分詞，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾9. _ to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students.A. To devote B. DevotedC. Being devoted D. Devoting【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：正如我們知道的那樣，對教學的熱愛使得他受到學生的愛戴。be devoted to獻身于，熱愛。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語，故選C。【答案】C10. Please speak aloud to make yourself _ (hear).【解析】根據(jù)句意，這里是被動，由make sth done（使某物被做）可知，空格處應(yīng)該填hear的過去分詞作補語。本句意為：請大聲點講以便讓別人聽見?！敬鸢浮縣eardI. 單項選擇1.（2019江蘇卷單項填空）_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便，很多老年市民開始使用智能手機。故選A。2.（2019新課標I卷語法填空）Modem methods _of_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀八十年代以來開始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用to perform。3.（2019新課標I卷語法填空）Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,【答案】noting 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知，此處用動名詞主動形式，故填noting。4.（2019新課標II卷短文改錯）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：操場上所有的足球運動員大聲歡呼，說我有足球天賦。句中謂語動詞為cheered，say在這里作伴隨狀語。與主語players是主動關(guān)系，故將say改為saying。5.（2019新課標II卷語法填空）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _61_ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】 being【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知，此處用動名詞形式作賓語，故填being。6.（2019新課標II卷語法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _declared_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定語。此處用to do sth作后置定語，用來修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“的計劃”，故填to retire。7.（2019新課標II卷語法填空）When we got a call _68_ (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was _a_ joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動關(guān)系，故填saying。8.（2019新課標III卷語法填空）On our way to the house，it was raining _so_ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，故填to get。9.（2019新課標III卷語法填空）On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_70_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。10.（2019浙江卷語法填空）When the children are walking or _59_ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,【答案】cycling【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當孩子們在黑暗的早晨步行或騎車上學時，汽車司機很容易看到它們。or連接兩個并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。11.（2019浙江卷語法填空）But some students didn't want _63_ (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是，有一些學生不想穿校服。want to do sth想要做某事，這里是動詞不定式作to的賓語。故填to wear。12.（2019北京卷語法填空）Nervously _2_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是作句子的狀語，要用非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。13. The man _ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.A. having circulatingB. to circulateC. circulatingD. to have circulated【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：傳播18名火警在爆炸中喪生了的這條假消息的人被逮捕了。傳播假消息與the man 是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語， 故選C?！军c睛】區(qū)分非謂語動詞時，主