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1、2022年高中英語 Module 3 My First Ride on a Train Period 4 Grammar學(xué)案 外研版必修1 1. The –ed form過去分詞作定語 分詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，主要起構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的作用，共有兩種形式，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing）,一種是過去分詞（-ed）.現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思，過去分詞一般有被動(dòng)和完成的意思，以下主要是過去分詞作定語的幾點(diǎn)用法。 （1）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞單獨(dú)用作定語，表被動(dòng)。 e.g. moved students drowned people used paper a broken cup

2、 developed countries (2 )個(gè)別的過去分詞（多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成）只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)。 e.g. fallen leaves. / returned students. 歸國留學(xué)生。 (3)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，既可作前置定語，又可作后置定語，但含義不同。 e.g.The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used（用過的）book. The book given(給) to him is an English novel. We will be meeting at a given(

3、特定的) time and place. (4) 有些過去分詞己經(jīng)失去了被動(dòng)意義, 相當(dāng)于形容詞作定語,表示主語所處的一種狀態(tài).常用來修飾人。 也可以修飾物，這類被過去分詞所修飾指物的名詞大概有兩類: a.指人發(fā)出的聲音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等; b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等; 修飾的過去分詞有: disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discou

4、raged, etc. a frightened look 驚恐的神態(tài) a frightening look 嚇人的神態(tài) a pleased smile （自己感到）滿意的微笑 a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑 2．一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成、表達(dá)及用法 結(jié)構(gòu)形式：使用動(dòng)詞的過去式。（注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式形式） 用法： 表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，一個(gè)純粹的過去事實(shí)），常與表示過去的具體時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境的暗示）。如yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during

5、 the war, before, a few days ago, when 。 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。 Where did you live when you were young? Lu Xun wrote many books in his life. 說明： 1. 表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often ,always,never等連用。 He always went to work by bus last year. Often at night she woul

6、d hear a long low whistle. ★ used to +動(dòng)詞原形，也可以表示過去的習(xí)慣，而現(xiàn)在已不; 但是would則表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 There used to be some trees by the lake. We would go to the shop to drink when we were at school. 2.表示說話者原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事。 I thought the film would be interesting ,but it isn’t. I didn’t know that man was m

7、y friend, Mike. He had pletely changed. 3. 對于一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而談及其具體的某一方面的情況則使用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎？（意思是說你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已經(jīng)吃過了。（意思是說已經(jīng)吃飽了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么時(shí)候吃的？（關(guān)心的是吃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在何時(shí)。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大約十分鐘以前吃的。 4. 表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生或一連串的并

8、列過去動(dòng)作，都使用一般過去時(shí)。 He bought a watch but lost it. Mrs Cousin ran to the table, picked up her baby in her arms, ran inside and shut the door. 語法練習(xí)(一) 1.Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. h

9、aving been known C. to be known D. known 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ____in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. formed D. h

10、aving formed 3. there was an ____ look on his face when the actress appeared. A. excited B. excitement C. exciting D. excitedly 4. It’s wrong for the ___ countries to control the world. A. development B. developing C. de

11、veloped D. develop 5. I have collected the money ____. A. needing B. need C. to need D. needed 6. The bridge ___ next year will be very long. A. being built B. to be b

12、uilt C. built D. building 7.The book can be used in ___ countries. A. English-speaking B. English-spoken C. speaking-Englis D. spoken-English 8. From his ____ voice, I have to say that you are really_____. A. disappoi

13、nted; disappointed B. disappointing; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointing D. disappointing; disappointed 9. This is the problem___ at the meeting yesterday. A. being discussed; B. having discussed C. to be

14、discussed D. discussed 10. The ___ look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. A. surprised B. surprising C. excited D. exciting 語法練習(xí)(二) 用括號內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Prices of daily goods ______ (buy) by puter can be lower than store prices. 2. Have you re

15、ad the novel ______ (write) by Dickens? 3. The girl let out a ________________(frighten) cry at the sight of the snake. 4. The ___ (lose) boy was last seen playing near the East Lake. 5. A little child _______ (learn) to walk often falls. 6. The song, ________ (record) in the studio, sou

16、nded wonderful. 7. The concert _____ (give) by the twins was a great success. 8. The government decided to rebuild the ________ (damage) bridge. 9. What’s the language ______ (speak) in Germany? 10. The puter center ______ (open) last year is very popular among the students in this school. Peri

17、od5writing 熟悉游記寫作，描述精彩旅行 【案例呈現(xiàn)】 請以An unusual trip為題，根據(jù)下面表格中的提示內(nèi)容寫一篇英語短文，介紹你所經(jīng)歷的一次不同尋常的旅游。 注意: 1. 文章的開頭已經(jīng)給出, 但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù); 2. 短文內(nèi)容須包括表格中的所有內(nèi)容; 3. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫; 4. 詞數(shù):100左右。 An unusual trip Our class and science teacher had an unusual trip to Taiping Forest Park on July 1, xx. ______________

18、_________________ 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 ●審題定調(diào)：①文體：游記屬于記敘文；②時(shí)態(tài)：以一般過去時(shí)為主，但描述景色或發(fā)表議論時(shí)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；③人稱：第一人稱；④內(nèi)容：以旅游活動(dòng)為主，介紹旅游時(shí)間、天氣狀況、人員、交通方式、目的地、出發(fā)時(shí)間、到達(dá)時(shí)間、返回時(shí)間等為輔，可以適時(shí)描寫自己的感受。此外還應(yīng)注意：① 游記的順序：在敘述過程中，先參觀了什么，后參觀了什么，一定要有一個(gè)清晰明確的順序，也就是路線圖。通常我們可以按游覽的先后順序記敘。 ②自然景觀及人文景觀的有機(jī)結(jié)合：在對參觀過的自然風(fēng)景進(jìn)行描述時(shí)可以結(jié)合景觀的歷史、當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)土人情、文化、生態(tài)、環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面來描寫，以達(dá)到自然景

19、觀和人文景觀的和諧統(tǒng)一。 ③“游感”而發(fā)，融情于景：寫作時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)厥惆l(fā)作者內(nèi)心的獨(dú)特感受也可以起到打動(dòng)讀者，與讀者一起分享的目的。 ●布局謀篇： 全文按總——分——總結(jié)構(gòu)安排。 ●常用表達(dá)： 動(dòng)身出發(fā)：set off / out, start, leave for, drive, take time to get to / arrive at / reach ..., take bus / train / plane, have a trip to, pay a visit to ... 旅游活動(dòng)：watch, show ... around, take photos, go

20、fishing, take a boat, have a picnic, e back ... 對景地的描寫：be famous for, be surrounded / covered by, have a style of, have a long history, date back to, develop into a centre of, beyond description, be the symbol of 分享感受：be attracted / moved by the beauty / view, interesting, wonderful, never forget,

21、 an unusual experience, tired, love, excited, leave an unforgettable impression on sb., one’s trip to ... is unforgettable, have a positive effect on, have a good time, enjoy oneself ... 【范文欣賞】 An unusual trip Our class and science teacher had an unusual trip to Taiping Forest Park on July 1, xx

22、. That day was sunny and we spent two hours reaching there by bus. We walked through the forest park and wrote down some information about the animals and plants we knew. When we found some unknown plants, we asked our science teacher. At lunchtime we had a picnic, took photos and enjoyed the bea

23、utiful scenery. In the afternoon we tested the river water to see if it was polluted. After that we went fishing. It was dark and we had to return to school by bus. Though tired, I was still happy, because I learned something new. Period6 Cultural corner Read the passage and answer the questio

24、ns: 1. What are the main differences between a magnetically levitated train and an ordinary train? 2. What are the advantages of traveling on a Maglev train? 3. read the text carefully and fill in the blanks. The Transrapid Maglev It is 1.____train in the world using magnetic levitation techno

25、logy. It runs at a speed of over 2.____kilometres per hour. It travels in a(n)3._____between two magnets. There ate no rails and no 4._____.They travel very fast and use less 5.______. On Dec.31.2002 Premier Zhu Rongji and German chancellor attended the 6._____of the train service and took the tra

26、in to 7.______ On Nov.12 2003 The Maglev reached a speed of 8._____kilometres per hour on the track between Longyang Station and Pudong,setting a new world record speed for a train. Language points: Some new words and phrases 1.Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour, the train ca

27、n plete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes. 句中Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語用作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨或方式以及結(jié)果等。從分詞的時(shí)間意義上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；從語態(tài)意義上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般式往往表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，它所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，即句子的主語。 （1）表示時(shí)間 Looking out of the window, I saw so

28、me students playing there.(=When I looked out of the window…) Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. (2)表示時(shí)間 Being League members, we are ready to help others.=(Since we are League members…) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (3)表示條件 Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.(=If you wor

29、k hard…) (4)表示伴隨或方式 The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch. He came running back to tell me the news. (5)表示結(jié)果 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 2. magnetically (adv.)有磁性地 levitate (v.) 使……飄蕩 levitation (n.) 升空飄蕩之力 c

30、hancellor (n.) 德國、奧地利等國的總理,首相 a high-speed train 高速列車 the opening ceremony of… …的開幕式 the maglev=magnetically levitated train 磁懸浮列車 3. at a speed of…; 以……的速度 speed by 迅速過去 speed up 加速 at speed 迅速 at full/top speed 全速 at a /the speed of …以……的速度 reach a speed of… 達(dá)到……速度 reach a speed up to… 高達(dá)……的速度 1). Traveling ___________ over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can plete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes. 2). On November 12, 2003, the maglev ________________ 502 kilometres per hour. 3). The maglev can _________________ 502 kilometres per hour.