2022年高中英語 Unit 3 Back to the past Language points教案 牛津譯林版必修3Teaching aims:Students will learn to use some important phrases and key words.Teaching procedures:IImportant phrases1. A British club arranged for high school students to go on a cultural tour of places where there are lost civilizations. civilization u 文明，文明世界，文明社會(huì)；現(xiàn)代生活的舒適環(huán)境或文明設(shè)施 c/u （特定時(shí)期和地區(qū)）社會(huì)文明e.g. Astronauts circling the earth are able to keep in touch with civilization by radio. 環(huán)繞地球飛行的宇航員可通過無線電與文明世界保持聯(lián)系。Environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization.環(huán)境的破壞威脅著整個(gè)文明世界。American civilization differs from ours.美國的社會(huì)和生活方式與我們不同。We are proud of the civilizations of ancient China.我們?yōu)楣糯袊奈幕械阶院?。What happened in that country horrified civilization.那個(gè)國家發(fā)生的事情令文明國家震驚。 civilize vt. 使文明，使開化；教化， 熏陶，使文雅 civilized adj. 文明的，開化的； 有教養(yǎng)的，文雅的e.g. Please be civilized. 請(qǐng)文雅點(diǎn)。 call at a civilized hour 在別人方便的時(shí)候去拜訪 civilized service 文明禮貌的服務(wù)Many a rough man in that country has been civilized by his wife.在那個(gè)國家有許多粗野的男人都被妻子教化好了。Such things are not allowed to happen in a civilized society.這樣的事情在文明社會(huì)是不允許發(fā)生的。2. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. win a place 意思是“贏得資格”e.g. She will someday win a place in musics hall of fame. 她將來會(huì)在音樂方面獲得不朽的成就。填空：She has _ in the Olympic team.她已獲得奧運(yùn)代表隊(duì)的隊(duì)員資格。He _ in the first team.他失去了甲級(jí)隊(duì)員的資格。Key: won a place lost his place3. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. found vt. 建立；創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦e.g. Her family founded the college in 1895. 她家族1895年創(chuàng)辦了這所學(xué)院。 The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 這座城市是英國移民于1790年建立的。4. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. take over 接任；接管；接收e.g. You watch them until ten oclock, and then Ill take over. 你看他們看到10點(diǎn)鐘，然后我接班。CBS records _ by Sony. 哥倫比亞廣播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收購。When Mr. Green retired, his son _ the business from him. 格林先生退休后由他兒子接管他的生意。What is good and still useful _ _. 好的有用的東西應(yīng)該繼承。Key: was taken over took over should be taken over5. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. so was the city “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”這一結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意為“也一樣”。e.g. He passed the exam, and so did I. = He passed the exam, and I passed the exam, too. = Both he and I passed the exam. 他通過了考試，我也通過了考試。 /他和我都通過了考試。注意區(qū)分：“so + 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)則主要用于加強(qiáng)語氣，其意為“的確如此、確實(shí)如此”，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句所述的內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個(gè)人或物。e.g. He has done a good job. 他干得不錯(cuò)。 So he has. 他的確干得不錯(cuò)。6. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. damage v. 損失；損害，損壞e.g. An earthquake sometimes causes great damage. 地震有時(shí)造成重大損失。單詞辨析damage, destroy, ruindamage是破壞，常常是局部的，或可以修好的。 e.g. The storm did a lot of damage to the crops. 暴風(fēng)雨使莊稼受到了很大損失。 destroy 強(qiáng)調(diào)以具有摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀掉。 e.g. The building was pletely destroyed by fire. 建筑物被大火徹底焚毀了。 ruin 作動(dòng)詞時(shí)亦指徹底毀掉，但不含有以某種摧毀性的力量進(jìn)行破壞，而含 有在一定的過程中逐漸毀掉的意思。 e.g. The crops were ruined by the late frost. 莊稼被晚霜給凍壞了。7. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city. flee vt. &vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速離開 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：flee (from) sb/sth flee (to/into)e.g. He fled to London after an argument with his family. 他和家人吵架離家去了倫敦。II難句解析1. Near the city was a volcano. 離這個(gè)城市不遠(yuǎn)處有一座火山。 這是一個(gè)倒裝句。near the city為介詞短語作表語，此句的正常語序?yàn)椋?A volcano was near the city。為了保持句子平衡，把介詞短語提至句首，此時(shí)，要引起句子的全部倒裝。例如：On top of the books are the photo albums youre looking for. 你要找的相冊(cè)在那些書的上面。West of the lake lies the famous city.這個(gè)著名的城市在湖的西面。2. The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. 本句主句為The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century；when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞the 18th century。當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)，要根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定。(1) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞。e.g. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。 I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。(2) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作其他成分時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞。e.g. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的日子。 I know a place that / which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。