2022年高考英語二輪總復習 第11講 名詞性從句學案1. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (xx浙江卷) A. that B. what C. how D. whether 【答案及解析】1. B考查主語從句引導詞。句意：這種藥將會帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定，雖然已有大約兩千人在吃這種藥。it為形式主語，_ side effect the medicine will bring about為真正的主語。還原句子： the medicine will bring about_ side effect，side effect前缺少一個修飾詞，故用what。2. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. (xx浙江卷) A. when B. that C. whether D. what【答案及解析】2. B考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意為：“你有可能到機場來接我嗎？”“沒問題?！眣ou could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具體內(nèi)容，故是同位語。又因這個從句不缺任何句子成分，故用that引導。引導名詞性從句的連接詞 名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。1連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中充當成分，如主語、表語、賓語或定語等。2連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中充當成分，作狀語。3連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不充當成分，有時可省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不充當成分。注意：名詞性從句的語序陳述語序他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×)How he was successful is still a puzzle. ()主語從句的用法1主語從句在復合句中作主語。如：Who_will_go is not important. 2用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。如：It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_e_or_not. 3that引導主語從句時，不能省略。如： That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised. 表語從句的用法1表語從句在復合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。如：The question was who_could_go_there. 2引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_rades_to_help_in_the_work. 賓語從句的用法 1賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。如：I hope (that) everything is all right. 2介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。如：I'm interested in whether you've finished the work. 同位語從句的用法同位語從句在句中作某些抽象名詞的同位語，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這類抽象名詞有：I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 易錯易混點1whether與if的區(qū)別 (1)只能用if的情況 賓語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。 如： I wonder if it doesn't rain. 引導條件從句時，只能用if，而不能用whether。如： Please e to see me if_you_have_time. (2)只能用whether的情況 用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether。如： Please let me know whether you want to go. (此句如果把whether改成if，容易當成條件句理解) 賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。如： I don't know whether_or_not the report is true. I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not. 介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。如： It depends on_whether we have enough time. They don't know whether_to_go there. 2名詞性從句中主句和從句的主謂一致 (1)主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 (2)如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 (3)由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet. When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet. 3. 疑問詞 ever 和 no matter 疑問詞的區(qū)別 (1)疑問詞 ever可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的成分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主語) (2)疑問詞 ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. (3)no matter 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。 No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 4. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that起連接作用，且充當句子成分，作賓語時可省略。 同位語從句表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。that在同位語從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，無具體含義，且不可省略。如： We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed. (定語從句) We expressed the hope that_they_would_e_toChina_again. (同位語從句)5. it作形式主語的常用句型 It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很對 It is said/ reported/believed that據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 It has been announced/declared that已經(jīng)通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happensthat似乎/顯然、明顯/碰巧 It is no wonder that并不奇怪/無疑 It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/mon knowledge (眾所周知)/a mon saying (俗話說)