英文資料Single-Chip Microcomputer dormancy computing reset and the anti-interference ability is perfectAbstract:Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in the operation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer,Analyse its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretely; Combine the instance, analyze the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way.Keyword: Single-Chip Microcomputer Restore to the throne, dormancy, anti-interference Preface: With the development at full speed of the micro electric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation originally to a great extent, use very extensively. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important application of occasion. A lot of technology in anti-interference , for example set up the software trap, add the hardware to guard the gate in dog's circuit etc, can make this problem have better settlement, but still the existing problem: Guard the gate dog at the movement, mean and appear mistake already and run some time, this is not allowed in some occasions; Procedure appear circulation mistake very much sometimes, but just guard the gate dog control link include and enter, adopt and guard the gate as to such a mistake dog unable to discern; In measure and control cycle among the long system, one-chip computer spend wait for the peripheral hardware a large amount of time, will be interfered too when carry out and wait for the order. To these situations, we have tried the method restored to the throne voluntarily in practice, alternate pulse of adopting etc or restore to the throne waking according to external terms to the one-chip computer up. After being restored to the throne each time, the one-chip computer carries out the corresponding procedure, enters dormancy in time after finishing carrying out the task, wait to be restored to the throne neatly. Have solved above-mentioned problems well with this method, and has got better result in the agricultural voltage transformer comprehensive protector experiment. Now take 51 serial one-chip computers as an example and probe into the concrete principle and implementation method, restored to the throne the signal as the high level. 1 A principle and implementation method 1.1 Unconditional regular reset Use timer, special clock chip or other pulse generator in a certain part of the regular produce reset signal. This method is especially suited for measuring instrument; this kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with A/D converter often, then store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU carry out and enter dormancy directly after the task , restore to the throne and wake by external world up It carry out the next operation, this is to restore to the throne the law regularly In this way can make anti-interference ability strengthen greatly , have 2 points mainly: . At the dormancy, procedure stop run can appear PC indicator disorderly procedure that causes run and fly. Work time in dormancy proportion 1:9, that is to say 1 s have 0.1 time of s used for measuring, sending off showing, there is time dormancy of 0.9s, the probability that the procedure is interfered is 1/10 while running at full speed, whole anti-interference ability raise by 10 times. Because every 1s is restored to the throne once unconditionally, once present the system halted during a job, can certainly resume when restored to the throne next time. As to only instrument that show, some reading mistake that 1s appear accidentally there is no memory to the next measurement, be could bear, belong to “pass mistake. This kind is restored to the throne the advantage of dog's circuit for guarding the gate regularly, first, change waiting time into a dormancy state, time to shorten and may be interfered; Second, avoided happening that the dog controls the death circulation of the link to include guarding the gate. 1.2 The external condition is restored to the throne the law Some arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form of heating, rotate the pulse produced and calculate heat by hot water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only need in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly, anti-interference ability can strengthen greatly. So, so long as link up the restoring to the throne of the pulse of the water wheels and CPU, the water wheels rotate a circle each time, CPU is restored to the throne once, hot form can work normally , this is restored to the throne the law by the external condition . Similar application have half electron kilowatt-hour meter , go on one count just when the machinery degree wheels and transfers to a circle, users do not need the electricity, CPU has been knowing the dormancy all the time . The restoring to the throne in the interval not to be regular, but confirmed according to the external condition of this method. In some occasions, the time of the dormancy will be very long, very effective to improving anti-interference ability. 2 The hardware realizes the main point 2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionallyGenerally it has 2 kinds of methods. Use the timer or the special-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126, etc, wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval is made, can also follow the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. The signal of using the system to be inherent is as reducing the pulse regularly. Use 50Hz worker power make reducing after having a facelift frequently, already omit the timer, gathered the corresponding signal for the phase place which measured the electric current signal at the same time, as Fig. 2 shows. 2.2 External conditions are restored to the throneSend external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-mentioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electrification that is regulated，can use the electronic electric potential device, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer. 2.3 Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times In Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high level, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time should be greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each time. It is restore to the throne cycle and restore to the throne high level of signal take empty than very much important to choose rationally. As to simple to show instrument, restore to the throne cycle determine data break cycle, low electricity is it measure, hence over all time shown to greater than to want at ordinary times; otherwise, it cant present forever the mistake of the intact executive program. Monolithic integrated circuit in Ts and Tr period all can effectively the antigambling, but is best the unnecessary time arrangement in Tr. When the program time is long, as far as possible the request reduces Tr,it may join the differentiating circuit, like chart 1 center C30, R26, D9.2.4 Have the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually Some systems in its initialization and run-time need first electrical impulses. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run, it is unable to distinguish and have the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one Leif to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give system set up one restore to the throne button, that is to say a common one manual to restore to the throne, this button is not joined and being restored to the throne in the end, is connected in parallel in the electric capacity both ends to the ground of above-mentioned pins.Result: Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is because the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements before the system halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not to crash, study how to reduce the risk interfered, it can befault-toierant how is it after and make mistakes. This text is it act as some exploration from two these to try hard, hope these elementary opinions can play some function of casting a brick to attract jade, helpful to everybody; Hope to every colleague explore together, improve our design level together.中文翻譯單片機(jī)的休眠運(yùn)算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善摘要：介紹了一種通過運(yùn)算復(fù)位來改善抗干擾能力的重復(fù)使用的單片機(jī)，分析其適用范圍，提供和分析其所使用的電路，結(jié)合實(shí)例分析在某些運(yùn)行方式下的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī)復(fù)位，休眠，反干擾前言： 隨著微電子技術(shù)迅速開展，單片機(jī)性能也得到迅速提高。智能維護(hù)邏輯控制電路取代了以往的測量電路的數(shù)字邏輯控制電路，并將其開展。這操作被擴(kuò)展到更大的范圍，并得到廣泛使用。因?yàn)樗邢到y(tǒng)的停頓，所以運(yùn)行程序有致命缺陷在許多重要場合受到限制。很多反干擾技術(shù)例如有軟件隔欄；將硬件的接口放入狗的電路中等等可以使這一問題的到很好的解決，但仍然存在著問題： 連接狗的電路運(yùn)行時(shí)好時(shí)壞，這是在某些場合是不允許的。 程序時(shí)常出現(xiàn)很多電路錯(cuò)誤，僅僅是狗的連接環(huán)節(jié)也會(huì)時(shí)常出現(xiàn)無法識(shí)別的錯(cuò)誤。 在測量和控制周期之間的時(shí)間長時(shí)，單片機(jī)要花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間等待周邊其他硬件，在運(yùn)算處理等待命令時(shí)它將會(huì)受到太多的干擾，對于這些情況，在實(shí)踐中我們已經(jīng)嘗試過主動(dòng)復(fù)位的方法，采用后續(xù)脈沖外界條件觸發(fā)單片機(jī)工作。在每次復(fù)位后單片機(jī)將進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行命令后立即進(jìn)入休眠，為下次復(fù)位做好準(zhǔn)備，用此種方法很好的解決了上述的問題，在農(nóng)業(yè)電壓互感器綜合保護(hù)裝置實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到很好的效果?，F(xiàn)在用51系列單片機(jī)作為一個(gè)例子，并具體探討高電平復(fù)位的原理和實(shí)施方法。1 原理和實(shí)施方法1.1 無條件定期復(fù)位使用定時(shí)器，專用時(shí)鐘芯片或其它脈沖發(fā)生器在某一局部定期產(chǎn)生復(fù)位信號(hào)。這種方法尤其適合于測量儀器。在這種運(yùn)行中，模擬量通過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器后并將其存入顯示。這當(dāng)然是非?？斓?，但在穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行中，數(shù)據(jù)每秒只有1-2倍的提高，在大量的時(shí)間內(nèi)CPU是用來等待讓CPU的工作并工作后進(jìn)入休眠，復(fù)位和外界條件觸發(fā)CPU執(zhí)行下次指令，這就是復(fù)位，這樣才能使抗干擾能力大大加強(qiáng)。其有兩個(gè)主要內(nèi)容： 在休眠程序停止運(yùn)行時(shí)可以出現(xiàn)CP機(jī)指示無序的程序。工作時(shí)間與休眠時(shí)間比例為1：9，那就是說1秒內(nèi)有0.1秒時(shí)間是用于測量，傳送，顯示，有0.9秒時(shí)間是休眠。這概率也就是說一程序在全速運(yùn)行時(shí)間只有十分之一的干預(yù)時(shí)間，整個(gè)抗干擾能力提高十倍。 因?yàn)槭敲棵氲膹?fù)位，一旦無條件或目前的工作運(yùn)行停止，下一個(gè)周期一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)恢復(fù)復(fù)位。至于唯一的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，雖然有些讀入數(shù)據(jù)在1秒內(nèi)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤但對下次測量沒有影響或可以承受的都屬于可忽略的錯(cuò)誤。這種復(fù)位的好處是狗的電路在定期控制著。首先，改工作到休眠狀態(tài)的時(shí)間，并有可能干預(yù)，二是可以防止發(fā)生該狗門電路的控制導(dǎo)致接口連接不暢。1.2 外部條件復(fù)位法局部進(jìn)入是由外界控制的，舉例來說，加熱升溫供暖的旋轉(zhuǎn)脈沖產(chǎn)生，并計(jì)算有熱水車輪產(chǎn)生的熱量，沒有熱水流量也沒有熱出口量時(shí)中央處理器只需要在事實(shí)上使用的數(shù)值，也不用計(jì)數(shù)?？梢韵胂鬅崴囕嗈D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)保持溫度，CPU空閑，它可能會(huì)有高溫情況，如果讓其有休眠情況，并衡量水車脈沖不間斷，其反干擾能力可以得到大大的加強(qiáng)。所以，只要把復(fù)位的脈沖水車輪和CPU連接其來，水車輪每轉(zhuǎn)一圈CPU復(fù)位一次，供暖才能正常進(jìn)行，這就是復(fù)位法的外部條件。類似的專利申請有一半是電子電度表，正當(dāng)機(jī)械程度車輪和轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)循環(huán)時(shí)用戶不需要用電，此時(shí)中央處理器已經(jīng)知道所有的休眠時(shí)間。該復(fù)位無規(guī)律間隔出現(xiàn)，但它被證實(shí)了是有根據(jù)的外部條件方法。在某些場合，時(shí)間的休眠會(huì)很長，但更有效的提高了抗干擾能力。2 硬件的具體主要點(diǎn)2.1 定期無條件復(fù)位一般有兩種方法： 使用定時(shí)器或特殊用途的時(shí)鐘芯片來復(fù)位或使用由555電路組成的時(shí)鐘電路可以使用時(shí)鐘芯片的X1126等設(shè)立預(yù)警時(shí)間后通過報(bào)警信號(hào)喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于間隔時(shí)間比擬長的情況下，還可以按照對這次行動(dòng)結(jié)果，快速確定下次喚醒的時(shí)間，非常靈活方便 信號(hào)的固定使用制度是為降低脈沖定時(shí)性。50Hz電力使用后已經(jīng)省略定時(shí)器，在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)聚結(jié)相應(yīng)的信號(hào)相位，其中包括測量電流信號(hào)。2.2 外部條件復(fù)位發(fā)送外部條件脈沖復(fù)位后立刻有了新的進(jìn)展。在這上面提到的水車輪或電流表產(chǎn)生脈沖也可以使用施密特的觸發(fā)代替會(huì)有個(gè)新的效果。可以利用窗口比擬器得到儀器的最大最小值。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)電子化即標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以使用電子電氣設(shè)備的潛力，也可以通過常規(guī)單片機(jī)來制定上限下限。2.3 在日常生活中減少周期和復(fù)位的用電量復(fù)位信號(hào)在高層次的TR和單片機(jī)是在程序不運(yùn)行時(shí)抗干擾能力是最強(qiáng)的，之后高層次的單片機(jī)開始進(jìn)行執(zhí)行程序。這就是說，復(fù)位也適合在這一段程序的低層次TD信號(hào)進(jìn)行，這個(gè)時(shí)候時(shí)間應(yīng)該大于執(zhí)行周期的每個(gè)程序時(shí)間。這是復(fù)位周期的復(fù)位高電平采取占空比的非常重要的選擇理由。以簡單的顯示工具來確定復(fù)位周期數(shù)據(jù)打破原周期，低電平就是它的措施，有時(shí)其會(huì)超過平常任何時(shí)候所表現(xiàn)出來的數(shù)據(jù)，否那么目前完整執(zhí)行方案永遠(yuǎn)是錯(cuò)的。單片集成電路在TS和TR時(shí)期里都可以有效的抗干擾，但最好是不必要的時(shí)間安排TR。當(dāng)程序的時(shí)間很長，盡量要求降低TR，可以參加電路鑒別。2.4 具有電力測量，手動(dòng)復(fù)位有些系統(tǒng)在它初始化和運(yùn)行時(shí)還是需要第一次電脈沖。復(fù)位造成一開始正常運(yùn)行的狀況，對每個(gè)時(shí)間而采用的復(fù)位方法來說，它是無法識(shí)別第一次電脈沖的。在復(fù)位后測量這些引腳如果第一次測量是低電平那么一些引腳是連接電容后接地。給系統(tǒng)設(shè)置一個(gè)復(fù)位按鈕，那就是說一個(gè)共同的復(fù)位，此按鈕是不是參加復(fù)位，要看最后并聯(lián)在電容兩端的引腳接地情況。結(jié)果：反干擾是電子設(shè)計(jì)中的重要問題，尤其是在單片機(jī)中。這是因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)程序運(yùn)行的特殊性所導(dǎo)致的。干預(yù)可能導(dǎo)致該系統(tǒng)停止運(yùn)行，也可能引發(fā)個(gè)種錯(cuò)誤或非法轉(zhuǎn)移，使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生死機(jī)的錯(cuò)誤。就這么一說對單片機(jī)整個(gè)開展來說是不夠的，我們要研究如何降低干擾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使它完善以減少不必要的錯(cuò)誤。這文章只是充當(dāng)一些探索，從這兩個(gè)方面努力，希望這些小小的建議，可以發(fā)揮一些效果，鑄造拋磚引玉，幫助大家，也希望每為同時(shí)共同探討，提高我們設(shè)計(jì)水平。