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1、 英語 必修5 Unit 5 語法知識——省略句 為了使話說得簡明扼要，英語句子中某個單詞、短語甚至從句或主句都可以省去。這種省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不變的現(xiàn)象，稱為省略（ellipsis） 種類 例句 說明 主語的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.) 有時也可省略整個

2、句子的主語和謂語，只保留次要成分。 She was poor but (she was) honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.) 謂語的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset? --Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset). 狀語從句的省略 Seen from the

3、plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is) possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意狀語從句中的主語同主句主語的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.) --Alice, why didn’t you com

4、e yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成時，省略時應(yīng)保留have；不定式后含有動詞be的結(jié)構(gòu)時，也要保留be動詞。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news), but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. Ⅰ、狀語從句中的省略用法

5、 一、 如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動詞的某種形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同時省略從句的主語和be動詞的某種形式。 1、 when，while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、 if，unless，once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm t

6、o the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well

7、, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時，只省略從句中的be動詞形式） 4、 as if，as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leav

8、e.（as if/though + to do表示一個將來的動作） 二、 than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的省略用法：當(dāng)不同的主語進行比較時，一般省略從句中的謂語；當(dāng)從句中的主語與謂語（be動詞除外）和主句中的主語與謂語相同時，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、 以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that i

9、s，there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定語從句中的省略用法 關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語且不位于介詞之后時，可以省略；in which

10、或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略 1、 當(dāng)條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = W

11、ere I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、 Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的從句中，謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符號to的省略 1、 感官動詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語時，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二聽hear,

12、 listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、 do nothing but，can’t help but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry. 3、 在特定語境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留

13、to，而省略后面的動詞。但不定式后有be，have時，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等連用 e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?

14、 – I suppose not. Ⅵ、日常交際中的省略 在情景會話中，答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。 e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please. -- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall). 隨講隨練1、—Lucy，could you

15、please spare me a few minutes? ???? —____，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours. A. It doesn't matter??? B. That's kind of you???? C. I'm afraid not???? D. I guess so 2、—Hey，taxi! ???? —_____ ???? —I want to go to the dentist's. A. Good morning, sir.???? B. Nice to see you

16、, sir.???? C. Where to, sir???? D. What are you going to do, sir? 3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately. A. be operated on?? B. operated on?? C. was operated on??? D. would be operated on 4、When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the

17、seat was gone. A. left to hang?? B. left hanging?? C. left hung??? D. to leave hanging 5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them____. A. understand him??? B. to be understood??? C. be understood??? D. to understand him 6、—Are there any English story books

18、for us students in the library? ???? —There are only a few, ____. A. if any??? B. if have??? C. if some???? D. if has 8、—Does Betty know where her violin is? ???? —She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____. A. whose??? B. it????? C. whom???? D. which 9、—Aren't you the man

19、ager? ???? —No, and I ____. A. don't want???? B. don't want to?????? C. don't want to be????? D. don't 10、—How are you getting on with your work? ?????? —Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as____. A. plans??? B. planning??? C. planned?????D. to plan 11、—What's the matter with you? ???

20、??? —I didn't pass the test, but I still____. A. hope so??? B. hope to???? C. hope it???? D. hope that 12、The doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain. A. save??? B. to save???? C. saving????? D. saved 13、—You look happy today, Mary. ?????? —I like my new dress and Mother ___, too. A.

21、 likes???? B. does????? C. is?????? D. do 14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise. ?????? —He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ____. A. not???? B. to????? C. not to???? D./ 15、____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang. A. If it is not?????

22、 B. Were it not????? C. Had it not been????? D. If they were not ? 省略句練習(xí) 1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全國卷II) 　　A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 　　2. It shames me to say it, but I told a

23、lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全國卷IV) 　　A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 　　3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春) 　　A. seeing B. having seen C. t

24、o have seen D. to see 　　4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷) 　　A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 　　5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春) 　　A. in

25、vited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 　　6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春) 　　A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 　　7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷

26、) 　　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 　　8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) 　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping. 　　— ________ you ever want to do i

27、s going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、內(nèi)蒙古春) 　　A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 　　10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春) 　　A. he explained 　　B. what he explained 　　C. how he explained 　　D. why he explained 　　11. What surprised m

28、e was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) 　　A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 　　12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷) 　　A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 　　13. That's an unpleasant

29、 thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全國卷) 　　A. something B. anything C. all D. that 14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷) 　　A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 　　15. —I'll be away on a business

30、trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? 　　—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) 　　A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to 　　16. —Does your brother intend to study German? 　　—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷) 　　A. / B. to C. so D. that 　　17. —Would y

31、ou like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? 　　— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷) 　　A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre 　　B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow 　　C. No, I won't 　　D. That's right 　　18. —You should have thanked her before you left. 　　—I meant ________ , but

32、 when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷) 　　A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to 19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷) 　　A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 　　20. ________ for the free tickets, I would no

33、t have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷) 　　A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江蘇卷) 　　A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 　　22. Of the making of good books there

34、 is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 廣東卷) 　　A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 　　23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! 　　— ________ . (NMET 2004全國卷III) 　　A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 　　 Keys: 　　1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA 11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB 10